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Tutorial Questions 1) Basics of photosynthesis:
a. Review the anatomy of the leaf and the cellular locations and organelles involved in photosynthesis. The outside of the leaf is covered in a waxy layer that helps prevent water loss called the cuticle. On the underside of the leaf there are small pores called stomata, which take in carbon dioxide to convert into sugar. Inside the leaf, water is transported through tubes called xylem. Photosynthesis occurs in the mesophyll (interior) layer of the leaf. These are the cells that contain chloroplasts, which are the major sites for glucose production via photosynthesis. Chloroplasts are made up of stacks of thylakoids called granum, which store the collected sunlight as chemical energy in their thylakoid membranes. When photosynthesis is done, the glucose produced is transported to the rest of the plant by tubes called phloem.

b. Describe and explain the role of oxygen, carbon dioxide, and nitrogen in photosynthesis.
Oxygen: A byproduct of the light dependent phase of photosynthesis. It is produced when water is splits into electrons, H+, and O2 molecules.

Carbon Dioxide: The carbon source for the production of glucose during the light independent phase of photosynthesis.

Nitrogen: A key component of chlorophyll. Without this, plants will lose their ability to store sunlight, and subsequently their ability to photosynthesize.

c. Describe and explain the role of water in photosynthesis.
Water dissociates into a both an electron and a hydrogen source during the light dependent phase of photosynthesis. These products are then used in the Calvin cycle to produce glucose.

d. Describe the two phases of the photosynthetic process. How do they differ in terms of their inputs, outputs, energy requirements, and spatial locations in the plant?

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