...BIO212 Microbiology Exam 3 Essay Portion Directions: Both the multiple choice portion and the essay portion of the examination will be available on Wednesday of Module 8 at 12:01 AM ET. The essay portion will close on Sunday at 11:55 PM ET. Choose 7 of the following 10 questions listed below. Your answer for each question should be a minimum of 150 words (half page). Please number your answers and print the number of the question you are answering above your answers. Identify subsections accordingly. We suggest you write or print out the essay questions for handy reference as you develop your answers. 1) Blood isolated from an emergency room patient contains antibodies against the measles virus. Please explain whether or not the patient should be quarantined immediately because they are infected with the measles virus and why? What are the other plausible explanations for anti-measles antibodies in the patient’s blood? 2) Describe how the clonal expansion theory explains the more rapid production of antigen specific antibodies, Helper T-cells and Cytotoxic T-cells, during a secondary infection. 3) Positive diagnosis of AIDS is made when a patient has antibodies against the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Please explain why the patient has an immune deficiency if he or she is making antibodies? 4) Characterize the differences and similarities between innate and adaptive immunity in form and function. 5) What is the effect of discharging primary-treated sewage on the...
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...Summary 1 Succinate Dehydrogenase Enzyme Activity In Cellular Fractures (Lab 5) The nuclear, mitochondrial and cytoplasm fractions of cauliflower inflorescence tissue was isolated . The concentration of the proteins in the fractions was then measured, denatured and reduced by SDS-PAGE. The purpose of this lab was to measure the activity of the succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) enzyme. I predict that the presence of heat will denature the enzyme. I also predict that out of the different cellular fractions, the mitochondrial fractions will have the highest activity. In order to measure the activity of the SDH enzyme, 12 tubes were with varying combinations of sodium azide, which inhibits the 4th complex of the electron transport chain, DCPIP (dichlorophenolindophenol), an artificial electron acceptor, malonate, a competitive inhibitor, and SDH, which deprotonizes FADH2 into FAD+. This results in a reduction of DCPIP, once DCPIP is reduced, it becomes colorless. The spectrophotometer was utilized to measure the color of the reaction at an absorbance of 600nm, which was determined to be the absorbance of the enzyme activity. The absorbance of the 12 tubes were taken and recorded a intervals of 0,5,10 and 20 min, then the change from each of the intervals from 0 min was recorded. The absorbencies were then graphed in the form of a Michaelis Menten Plot. Prior to have an absorbance read, Tube 4 was the only tube heated in a hot water bath. All of the tubes were put in a chilled bath...
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