...Heredity and Hormones Page 1 Heredity and Hormones By 09/22/2010 Axia College Heredity and Hormones Page 2 Both heredity and hormones can and do affect human behavior. I personally feel that they each play as large a par as the other. There was a time in which scientists thought that hormones were the sole driving force behind human behavior. For example, people that have higher or lower testosterone levels can at times affect their levels of aggression. As time progressed, we have learned that heredity is indeed a factor to consider. Hormones can influence behavior but there are other forces at work. Heredity is like the beginning. We all start at ground zero with a blank slate. Heredity can nudge us north or east but it is up to us if we head in one direction or the other. Heredity is the potential for action. Hormones influence you further and changes throughout your life; but again, these are forces that are influences – not rules. The endocrine system plays a huge part in hormonal change. Interestingly enough, the endocrine system has not ducts to supply hormones. Because of this, all the hormones supplied by this system are inserted directly into the bloodstream. This system is also key in the fact that it is responsible for supplying thirty hormones to the body. The reason though for me to bring this system up in this setting is to address...
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...that there is no layer between the two. Due to this the skin develops pits and valleys, and resembles an orange peel, or cottage cheese, or has a dimpled appearance. The appearance of cellulite is different in men and women, but the difference is not very significant. Causes of Cellulite The causes of cellulite in men and women differ. In women, the hormonal changes during menstruation, menopause, pregnancy, etc., which regulate the flow of blood, lymphatic drainage and fat, are mainly responsible for the formation of cellulite. Birth control pills, also cause a change in the hormones of a woman's body, so that can also lead to formation of cellulite. The hormones also control the tissues and fat to some extent. If the hormonal balance in the body is skewed, then this can cause a reduction in the thickness in the tissue, causing the cellulite to become more visible on the skin. Besides hormones, the genetic make up,...
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...disorder is Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia Type 1, or MEN1. I will explain what this disorder is and what body systems it affects. MEN1 is a relatively uncommon inherited disorder where less than 1 person in 20,000 will carry the gene. It is passed down in families from 1 generation to the next and affects males and females equally, it occurs in all racial groups. This disease can be inherited if only one parent has MEN1. Diagnosis of the disease is done through genetic testing or following a patient medically over several years and seeing if the patient has symptoms of the disease. MEN1 affects the endocrine glands: the pituitary, parathyroid, and pancreas glands that regulate different hormones that control the functions of various tissues throughout the body. Normally, the hormones released by endocrine glands ore carefully balanced to meet a body’s needs. In patients with MEN1, the endocrine glands may become overactive at the same time or throughout a lifetime. Similarly, different areas of within the endocrine glands may become overactive at different times during life. By age 30 most people who inherit MEN1 will have some type of endocrine gland overactivity. Since symptoms do not develop in many people it is important for all people at risk( families that have a person known to have the disease) to be tested for MEN1, even though they might feel fine. When there is a family history of MEN1 the way to test for the disease is through predictive genetic testing...
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...Color blindness or color vision deficiency is the inability or decreased ability to see color, or perceive color differences, under lighting conditions when color vision is not normally impaired. "Color blind" is a term of art; there is no actual blindness but there is a fault in the development of one or more sets of retinal cones that perceive color in light and transmit that information to the optic nerve Muscular dystrophy (MD) is a group of muscle diseasesthat weaken the musculoskeletal system and hamper locomotion.[1][2] Muscular dystrophies are characterized by progressive skeletal muscle weakness, defects in muscle proteins, and the death of muscle cells andtissue.[3] Blood disorders can lead to poor blood clotting and continuous bleeding. The disorders can result from defects in the blood vessels or from abnormalities in the blood itself, such as in blood clotting factors or in platelets. Ichthyosis (plural ichthyoses) is a heterogeneous family of at least 28,[1] generalized, mostly genetic skindisorders. All types of ichthyosis have dry, thickened, scaly or flaky skin.[1] In many types there is cracked skin,[2] which is said to resemble the scales on a fish; the word ichthyosis comes from the Ancient Greek ιχθύς (ichthys), meaning "fish. Fragile X syndrome (FXS), Martin–Bell syndrome, orEscalante's syndrome (more commonly used in South American countries), is a genetic syndrome that is the most commonly known single-gene cause of autism and the most...
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...Write a 350- to 700-word essay in which you compare and contrast the influence of heredity and hormones on human behavior. Include in your essay a discussion on the endocrine system, identification of hormones and the glands responsible for secreting them, and genetics, behavior genetics, and evolutionary psychology. Format the essay consistent with APA guidelines. When comparing and contrasting the influence of heredity and hormones on human behavior a person would make sure and thoroughly look through and see the different mechanisms that make our bodies function properly. The endocrine system is a very important part of our bodies “make-up”, and it works very closely to the nervous system. The two systems are in constant conversation together. The endocrine glands release hormones into the body’s bloodstream. Now, traveling through the bloodstream may be a very effective way for a nerve impulse to travel, but it seems that hormones can take seconds, even minutes to reach where they are supposed to go. When identifying hormones a person would see that there are a few different kinds of hormones like; thyroxin, which is produced in the endocrine gland located right below the voice box. This hormone is responsible for the regulation of the body’s rate of metabolism. This hormone is responsible for how alert and energetic a person can be, or if they are fat or thin. But as with anything too much of anything can be bad. A person with an overactive thyroid can cause a...
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...Adolescence is a stage of dramatic growth differences in boys and girls with their outward physical appearance affecting them emotionally and socially. Boys grow big and strong with the wider shoulders, increased muscle mass, longer arms, longer legs, and longer torsos. Girls grow curvy with breast development, wider pelvis regions, and an extra layer of body fat covering the abdomen, hips and bottom. With the physical changes comes the hormones which stimulate the growth of sex organs to their functional level. Boy’s primary hormone would be testosterone which is a risk taking and aggression chemical. The girls attain a plethora of hormones needed for the reproduction including estrogen, progesterone and oxytocin. Estrogen and progesterone are known to come in waves on a monthly base and is known for its effects on emotions and sensitivity. “Oxytocin is a natural secreted chemical of bonding and while boys will reach out it is the girls that want and need closeness.”(Abrams, 2002, p. 488) With this outward growth also come the psychological and societal changes. “Research consistently finds that boys gain confidence and self-esteem during adolescence, whereas girls experience a dramatic decline in these arenas.”(Abrams, 2002, p. 487) While this is the age of finding one’s self there is a strong desire to be accepted by one’s peers. As boys mature they tend to look older with their facial and body hair, more athletic with increased muscle stature, and dominate with...
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...them to believe the perfect body is real. They are many types of body images all around the world, but in different parts of the world the pressure to be thin is a must be. In the Western-world family and friends pressure young women to be thin and to present a prefect body image. In “the Slender Trap” by Piscatelli, she talks only about the western world young women and how their culture and family what them to be thin. Piscatelli doesn’t talk about the other part of the world and how negative social conditions affect the young women. Being a young women and going through all the changes in your body may result in body teasing from school mates and friends. The transformation from young women to a full women is a big change and of course hormones and emotions have a large role within this change, which can result in an unstable mind set dealing with body-image teasing. By the age of seventeen 89% of young women have tried to diet because of body-image teasing from the public, school, family and friends. (The Body Image Therapy Center). Different forms of media are seen all over the world but social media runs the world now a days. Each and every day we are influenced or impacted by a type of media throughout the day. Media is like a big bully when it comes to Anorexia Nervosa. The media portrays imagery that is unrealistic but young women all around the world believe it to be true. The media, such as TV and fashion magazines always feature skinny models and actors to portray that...
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...FORENSIC SCIENCE 3.1 [pic] The frontalis, orbicularis oris, laris oculi, buccinators and zygomaticus are muscles that are responsible for showing facial expressions such as surprise, anger, fear, disgust, amongst other emotions. The temporalis and the masseter muscle are responsible for chewing movements. The sterncleidomastoid and trapezius are neck muscles and can be associated with the throat. 3.2 The principal organs that comprise the nervous system are the brain, spinal cord, nerves and ganglia. These organs also consist of various tissues including nerve, blood and connective tissue. All together the organs and various tissues carry out the activities of the nervous system. The activities of the nervous system can be grouped together as three overlapping functions. The first of these functions is sensory. There are millions of sensory receptors that detect changes which occur on the inside and outside of the body. They monitor things such as temperature, light and sound from the external environment and from the internal environment they detect variations in pressure, PH, carbon dioxide. All of this gathered information is called sensory output which is converted into electrical signals called nerve impulses which are transmitted to the brain. These signals are then brought together to create sensations, to add a memory or to produce thoughts. The decisions that are made each moment based on the sensory input is the second function, integration...
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...Gender Identity Paper Ashley Spinner Monday, July 02, 2012 PSY/340 Manon Doll Gender Identity Paper The human body is interconnected to two very different superhighway systems. These systems are the nervous system and the endocrine system. The endocrine system is responsible for secreting chemical messengers called hormones. According to (Myers, 2008, p 45),“hormones are chemical messengers, manufactured by the endocrine glands, which are produced in one tissue and affect another.” Hormones travel through the body in the bloodstream. The human body is comprised of two very important informational highways that influence every bit of aggression, food, and sexual desire that the brain process. The nervous system and the endocrine system are relatives; therefore both systems secrete molecules that activate receptors in a different place. The interaction between hormones and behavior is quite complex. The body reacts to different levels of many hormones that are needed for the daily networking of the body and its functions. The hormones in the endocrine system control many aspects of an individual’s life. Some of those aspects are growth, reproduction, metabolism, moods. The body tries to hold everything in check while maintaining a balancing act among dealing with stress, the human thought pattern, and human actions. These actions take place in the sympathetic nervous system, which controls arousal. This section of the human spinal cord operates in many ways. It dilates the...
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...Alexeia Vaughn Ms. Gresham September 15,2012 Diabetic Educator In today’s society I have slowly learned that in order to have a nice future of at least what you want you need to decide on a career rather than a job. In order to pick a career that you would enjoy there are many different things you have to think about before you choose. As a little child I knew that I always wanted to work with people regardless of age doing something in the medical field. I have researched and decided that I want to become a diabetic educator / endocrinologist .I was diagnosed with diabetes at the age of nine and I have been through all the ups and downs that come along with disease and learned over the years that you can still live a normal life with diabetes yes it can be hard but you can get through it . I learned this through my endocrinologist and id like to help some other teens realize this. A diabetic educator is a health care professional who teaches people who have diabetes how to manage their diabetes. Some diabetes educators are certified diabetes educators (CDEs). Diabetes educators are found in hospitals, physician offices, managed care organizations, home health care, and other settings, a person who shows people with diabetes how to test, record, and control blood sugar; how to make good choices about nutrition and physical activity; and how to prevent and treat problems associated with diabetes. Because the experience of living with diabetes is individual and each...
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...Give the functions of the endocrine system Define hormones, endocrine and exocrine glands Enumerate and state the location of the endocrine glands of the body Explain the role of the hypothalamus and pituitary gland in endocrine function Describe how hypothalamus regulates hormone secretion from the pituitary Describe how the pituitary gland regulates the secretion of hormones from other endocrine glands Describe the different endocrine glands of the body based on the following: Structure Hormones produced Target cells for each hormone Principal action of each hormone WHAT ARE THE FUNCTIONS OF THE ENDOCRINE SYSTEM? Identify the 2 major types of endocrine conditions and give examples of each OVERALL FUNCTION OF THE ENDOCRINE SYSTEM FUNCTIONS OF THE ENDOCRINE SYSTEM Water balance Uterine contractions & milk release Growth, metabolism, & tissue maturation Ion regulation Heart rate & blood pressure regulation Blood glucose control Immune system regulation Reproductive functions control REGULATION OF EFFECTORS TO MAINTAIN HOMEOSTASIS 1 HORMONES Comes from the greek word hormaein which means “to excite” Mediator molecules released by the glands of the endocrine system Overview of the Endocrine System System of ductless glands that secrete hormones Hormones are “messenger molecules” Circulate in the blood Act on distant target cells Target cells respond to the hormones for which they have receptors The effects are...
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...one to pull out the remaining hair left on one’s head. Stress can heavily affect an individual’s actions and emotions as it may cause anxiety. In fact, a hormone known as cortisol plays a heavy role into why a person may be feeling stressed out. It has been known that heightened levels of cortisol amplify the “risk for depression, mental illness, and lower life expectancy” (Bergland). Cortisol is a typically known as a hormone that induces stress that also assists one during an individual’s fight-or-flight situation to counteract any seeming threat that your brain processes. After the threat passes, the “hormone levels need to return to normal” so it goes through homeostasis (Mayo Clinic Staff). The natural reaction is that the adrenaline and cortisol activities will plunge in substitution for the body’s blood pressure and heart rate to come back regularly with the help of another hormone called oxytocin. This hormone help the body regulate homeostasis is popularly known as the love or trust hormone. It is the exact opposite of cortisols as it reverses its effect as it can be seen in the example of what happens during and after a fight-or-flight-situation. Furthermore, it can be seen that the relationship between the two, despite its distinctive characteristics is to help the body maintain homeostasis. If one hormone only exists without...
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...Hormones and Neurotransmitters Introduction to Psychology Brandi C. Guisto Hormones and Neurotransmitters Many communication pathways exist within human. The endocrine system and the central nervous system are the two main systems that regulate activities and transmit messages throughout various organs and glands in the human body. These systems use stimuli released from glands or neurons in order to adjust levels of chemicals to the body to ensure the body is performing properly (Huffman, 2013). The stimuli released from these systems are hormones and neurotransmitters. Hormones, though having some similarities to neurotransmitters, have very different and specific functions within the body. The endocrine system is made up of a network of glands which releases hormones directly into the bloodstream. This system helps to regulate long-term processes, like growth, on-going processes, like digestion, and bodily responses to emergencies. Each gland within the endocrine system releases a specific hormone to stimulate another gland. Parathyroid glands, which reside behind the thyroid, release the parathyroid hormone which keeps calcium levels in the blood stable. The pancreas secretes the hormones glucagon and insulin to increase or decrease glucose levels in the blood. The pineal gland secretes melatonin to assist in regulating sleep patterns. The hypothalamus, one of the staples of the endocrine system, secretes many hormones including anti-diuretic hormone and oxytocin...
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...management. Although there have been many years of research, there is no absolute cure for this rare disease due to it being a genetic defect. Leopard Syndrome is still a fairly new disease with only about 200 cases reported in 2008 and only 2 reviews published (Sarkozy). Due to the fact that there are many symptoms associated with this genetic defect, one of the best ways to treat it is to focus on the symptoms in order to help prevent any secondary complications from occurring. Laser, cryosurgery, and bleaching creams are possible treatments for lentigines. Since growth and puberty are significantly affected in Leopard Syndrome, different hormonal therapies could be utilized. Sex hormones could be given at the time of puberty so that normal changes could still occur (Berman MD, 2015). Growth hormone is also given to help maintain the healthy growth of bones. (Sarkozy). Advances in research are still currently underway and one of them is expected to be completed in July of 2018. This research aims to compare the difference in hormonal sensitivity among patients diagnosed with Leopard Syndrome and those that do not have it. In order to accomplish this research, skin biopsies are studied by looking at fibroblasts and adipocytes in patients with Leopard Syndrome; the exact pathways that are activated are taken into consideration and critically analyzed (Institut National de la Santé Et de la Recherche Médicale, 2015). Conclusion Leopard Syndrome is a new disease that may increase...
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...Module 6: Hormones Question 1: Alice is a 70 year old woman with low vitamin D levels who recently broke a hip. She has osteoporosis. She was given several medications to try to improve bone density, however, they were unsuccessful as she could not tolerate the medications. What hormone might she be given to treat the osteoporosis? How does this medication help? How would this be effected by a low TSH? Osteoporosis is a disease in which excessive loss of calcium from the bones occur without adequate replacement, due to the calcium loss bones become weak and are more likely to break (Scanlon & Saunders, pg 129b). Estrogen is classified as a sex hormone but it is also essential for female bone health because it promotes the activity of osteoblasts. Estrogen supplementation is a form of hormone replacement therapy that is approved by the FDA in the treatment of osteoporosis because it slows down bone loss and increases bone density. Estrogen supplementation may lower TSH levels in women with hypothyroidism triggering hypothyroid symptoms, such as low energy and feeling tired, sluggish, and cold, or to put them at risk for regrowth of thyroid cancer. While using estrogen supplements patients thyroid panel should be monitored routinely and doses of thyroid hormone medication adjusted appropriately. Question 2: Darren is a 15 year old, tall for his age, but he wants to build more muscle. He decides that he will eat only protein foods, because he says, “muscle is protein, so...
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