...Childhood Disorders PSY/410 September 1, 2012 Schizophrenia and Childhood Disorders Schizophrenia can affect anyone at any age, but most cases develop between adolescence and age 30. Children can be affected by schizophrenia, but this is uncommon (NAMI, 1998). For many people schizophrenia is often confused with multiple personality disorder. The following paper will discuss the many components of schizophrenia that make it unique as well as the aspects of lifespan development disorders. A quick review of the biological, emotional, cognitive, and behavioral aspects of these two disorders will hopefully inspire the reader to research further. Schizophrenia Schizophrenia is a disorder that keeps a person from managing his or her emotions, thinking clearly, or being able to relate to others. According to NAMI (1998, para. 1) schizophrenia is a brain disorder that affects approximately two million or 15% of Americans today. There are two main symptom classis of schizophrenia: positive and negative. The positive symptoms or class I symptoms are what is referred to by Hansell and Damour (2009) as overt or heightened senses/characteristics. Negative or class II symptoms are a lack of behavioral characteristics that are not there. NAMI (1998, para. 7) notes that in order to be diagnosed with schizophrenia, a patient must have psychotic, "loss-of-reality" symptoms for at least six months and show increasing difficulty in functioning normally. When looking at the biological components...
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...Marketing Communication Submitted To: Madam Aneesa Zafar Assignment: Writing a Term Paper Registration No: SP07-BBA-033 Submitted By: Sidrah Khan Class: BBA-8 Circadian Rhythms as a basis of mood disorder, in particular bipolar disorder. Introduction: The complex structure and the functions of the human body has been a subject of study by a lot of individuals since a very long time. The curiosity of the human being supporting it, further aids in discovering the secrets hidden behind the way a human being is. Biological rhythms or circadian rhythms also make up one of the hidden secrets for the functions of the human beings and scheduling of various tasks. The terms Circadian is derived from Latin word Circa, “around” or “about” and diem or dies “day” meaning literally “about a day” or “around a day”. This circadian rhythm is already built in the complex human body but is regulated by external factors known as “zeitgebers”. The primary or the most important zeitgebers is ‘light’ which helps human automatically start a particular process in one’s life and controls various cycles at regular intervals. This may include sleep/wake cycle, eating habits, seasonal affective disorder (SAD) or bipolar disorder. Scientists have long been researching the effects of disturbance of circadian rhythms and its consequences on the life of a human being. This paper also considers the facts that have been established in this area to identify and...
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...Somatic Symptom Disorder A Nature vs. Nurture Debate By Jennifer Nguyen July 3, 2015 The Disorder While many mental disorders are well-known and commonly referred to, such as bipolar disorder, depression, and anorexia, one mental disorder that has less limelight are somatoform disorders. WebMD defined somatoform disorders as “mental illnesses that cause bodily symptoms, including pain” where these symptoms cannot be “traced back to any physical cause” and they are “not the result of substance abuse of another mental illness” (WebMD). The Criteria & Associated Behaviors In DSM-IV, somatization disorder was the major somatoform disorder. There were many criteria for this disorder. However, in DSM-V, somatoform disorders were largely replaced by the term somatic symptom disorder, hereon referred to as SSD, which DSM-V characterizes by “somatic symptoms that are either very distressing or result in significant disruption of functioning, as well as excessive and disproportionate thoughts, feelings and behaviors regarding those symptoms. With this new change in DSM-V, somatization disorder (previously in DSM-IV) is now completely removed and replaced. The previous diagnosis of somatization disorder required very specific criteria. However, the new criteria for SSD is not as specific, but it does state that “somatic symptoms must be significantly distressing or disruptive to daily live and must be accompanied by excessive thoughts, feelings, or behaviors” (DSM). To see...
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...Simpson This paper is a case study of an individual with an alleged abnormal personality disorder. An overview of this particular case will be stated. In addition, an explanation of the biological, emotional, cognitive, and behavioral components of the disorder will be a main focal point. This discussion is about a case study of O.J. Simpson, the famous football hero and even more famous subject of the most infamous murder trial in contemporary American history. Orenthal James Simpson was the subject of a California trial regarding a brutal murder of his wife Nicole Brown-Simpson and her friend Ronald Goldman. Both victims were horribly murdered, the ferocity of these murders was apparent with the fact that Nicole Brown Simpson and Mr. Goldman’s heads were almost completely severed from their bodies. Truly, whoever committed this crime was a sociopath with no cognition of the normality that our society consider right or wrong. Yes, the question remains if Mr. Simpson committed this horrible, psychopathic act, this paper will delve into the scenario that he did, although he was figured innocent (Meyer, Chapman, & Weaver, 2009) The disorder in question is sociopathic, so what is a sociopath? Also known as Antisocial Personality Disorder, the definition is: Psychopaths have a personality disorder characterized by an abnormal lack of empathy combined with abnormally immoral conduct despite an ability to appear normal. In basic terms, psychopaths have an...
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...Lindsey Daugherty BEH.350.B December 3, 2015 Term Paper Mental illness has been acknowledged for thousands of years. Those who were different, or acted different from what main stream society felt was the norm; those who committed adultery, those pregnant out of wedlock, or even those who were mentally different, were all singled out, treated the same, and considered abnormal. Abnormal behavior cannot simply be defined into a single definition, with no definite line that can be crossed which separates whether someone on one side of the line has abnormal tendencies, with someone on the other side which is considered normal behavior. This paper focuses on Schizophrenia, a major mental illness, and will discuss and evaluate the symptoms, causes, and treatments which are currently being used. The human mind can be fragile, and there are many diseases and disorders that can affect it. Some may be serious while others are minor and barely recognizable. Schizophrenia is just one of those diseases which can encompass being both minor and serious. The definition for a mental illness is an illness that affects a person's mind, thoughts, emotions, personality, or behavior. Just like a physical illness, mental illness also shows symptoms that make it possible for the mental disorder or illness to be identified. Some of the recognizable symptoms can be extreme moods, sadness, anxiety, and inability to think clearly, or remember well. It does not mean, that just because a person may...
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...Abstract The main purpose of this extended project dissertation is as following: to explore the causes of eating disorders such as anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa, in particular the biological, psychological and societal causes. Eating disorders are becoming increasingly common in today’s society and the causes of theses disorders are not completely known. This essay explores the symptoms of anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa, the risks and consequences of suffering from such disorders. The essay also concentrates upon how eating disorders are gradually affecting more and more men and children – something that was not often seen before. The main focus of this project is to discover whether the causes of anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa stem from pre-dispositions which are linked with the body and mind or rather stemmed from society. The main biological reasons which the essay focuses on are; damaged hypothalamuses and genetic hereditariness. The main environmental causes of anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa that I have studied are media influences and undesirable conditions for raising children. In writing this project I believe that I have developed valuable skills that I will need in my subjects which include; being able to extract key information from large pieces of text, researching, speedy note taking and the ability to weigh up two sides of an argument fairly and without bias. I am also aware that the skills I am developing while writing this dissertation...
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...Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) Sabra Serreyn PSYCH3002 Developing a Psychological Perspective Controversies in Psychology Position Paper Capella University December, 2015 Abstract This paper discusses the most effective treatment for children with Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). Increasing research has been recommending a combination of both pharmaceutical and psychotherapy treatments. DuPaul and White (2006) state that both the disruptive behavior and genetic aspects need to be addressed, therefore recommending treatment of both medication and behavioral intervention. There has also been a spike in psychiatrists suggesting alternative options in place of medication. Block and Smith (2015) express concern for the side effects of medication and should focus on the behavioral modification aspects. With that being said, the authors do state that medication may help in conjunction with behavioral therapy. Others argue that medication is the answer to resolving symptoms of ADHD because it can repair gray matter in a certain part of the brain. The conclusion comes together stating that all symptoms and treatments need to be taken into consideration in developing a combination therapy strategy. This is the most advantageous and ethical manner of working with a diagnosis. Choosing the Most Effective Treatment for ADHD Diagnosing children with Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) has been on the...
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...Let’s Talk About Mental Health by Reynaldo Cantu III Term Paper Engineering Management 52 Tufts University Medford, Massachusetts April 30, 2015 Executive Summary I wrote this research paper as a requirement for the class Technical and Managerial Communications taught by Amy Hirschfeld. The topic of this research paper is mental health issues. The purpose of this paper is to bring to light a topic that is not very talked about but is very important. Mental health is something that is generally brushed off to the side, but mental health issues can happen to anyone at anytime. In this paper, I explain that being mentally health is being in a state of emotional, psychological, and social well-being. Small changes to this balance such as life experiences or biological factors can affect a person’s mental health. The major categories for mental health disorders and how they are categorized are as follows: * Anxiety- too much inner turmoil * Mood- major fluctuations in emotion * Psychotic- major disruptions in brain functions * Dementia- major disturbance to consciousness * Eating- unusual eating behaviors The best way to deal with these mental health issues is to talk to others about it. That is why it is so important for everyone to know about mental health so that they can be comfortable talking about it. Table of Contents Executive Summary Table of Contents 1.0 Introduction 2.1 Purpose 2.2 Scope 2.0 Overview of What is Mental Health...
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...Gender Identity Paper Brandie Thurman PSY/340 May 25, 2013 Dr. Stephanie Sencil-White There are many biological, psychological, and sociological factors involved in the formation of gender identity. Gender identity is not completely understood as it is much more complex than the joining of a sperm and an egg. For many people, the terms “gender” and “sex” are interchangeable. Biological sex and gender are different; gender is not inherently connected to one’s physical anatomy as biological sex is. When one thinks’ of the term “gender”, we are referring to the role and personalities one assumes within society, for example in American culture females tend to be perceived as more nurturing and males are aggressive and dominant. Hormones and behavior affect gender identity in significant ways each with a distinct purpose. To understand the difference of biological sex and gender, nature versus nurture, and how the environment has an effect this paper will review and explain the interactions between hormones and behaviors and how those interactions affect the determination of gender identity. Gender development starts at the point one is conceived. Gender identity is defined as an individual’s self conception of being either male or female, as distinguished from actual biological sex (Britannica, 2013). Gender differences exist in nearly every social phenomena and for most persons, gender identity and biological characteristics are the same however there are some circumstances...
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...Anxiety Mood/affective Somatoform Disorders Marie K Cesar Abnormal Psychology In this paper I will analyze the biological, emotional, cognitive and behavioral components of several disorders. The DSM-IV-TR offers professionals to opportunity to use a standard classification of mental disorders by the mental health professionals. Anxiety Disorders Anxiety is similar to a fear, it is defined as a unpleasant emotion associated with a general sense of danger or the feeling that something bad is going to happen ( hansell & Damour 2008). Anxiety disorders are the most common mental disorder among the U.S population. Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) can be long term. If someone makes changes in their lifestyle as well as seek psychological counseling and develop coping skill. It is not completely know what causes GAD, the natural chemicals serotonin and norepinephrine may be a possible contributor. Depending on the severity of the condition it may also include genetics as part of the equation. When a person is going through a great deal of stress, they may develop irritability, sleep issues as well as difficulty with concentrating or staying on task. There are many diagnostic criteria for GAD a person must have continuous anxiety for at least six months and have difficulty controlling the anxiety. (Damour & Hansell, 2008) Many people may have difficulty dealing with stress and worry that this may cause them distress and could interfere with their function in day to day...
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...Application of Clinical Psychology Paper Becky Smart, Carina Codorean-Forniciov, Christy Velasco, Sara Kaminiski, Sheron Jenkins Psy 480 Augusta 18, 2014 Dr. Stephany Lewis Anorexia Nervosa Intervention Introduction This paper analyzes the serious disorder of anorexia nervosa which is among the highest of any disorders and has about 10 times the death rate for young women without anorexia. Anorexia Nervosa has been categorized as a serious disorder that occurs in approximately 1 in 200 women in developed countries such as North America and Europe. It usually starts in adolescence and as previously stated, mostly affects women. Those suffering from this eating disorder, have very low body weight and a distorted body image. Their dangerously low body weight leads to serious consequences creating other body ailments which in turn create the need for long term treatment. Factors of Anorexia Nervosa There are different factors that contribute in a person having an eating disorder. The factors vary from biological, psychological and social. A psychological factor that is very common is a lack of control which causes the sufferer to feel over analytical of their weight which gives them a sense of control. Another factor is having low self-esteem. Low self-esteem can have many contributors such as a person feeling out of control, lonely, angry and anxiety. Biological factors involved with anorexia nervosa which can and will severely affect the general health and...
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... 2 Abstract This paper discusses the features and symptoms of Schizophrenia. This paper addresses the issues associated with Schizophrenia such as stress. It also addresses the bio psychosocial explanations that are associated with the development of this disorder. In this paper I address the type of therapies used for the treatment of Schizophrenia. The remainder of this paper discusses the rationale uses of these therapies and the effectiveness for Schizophrenia. SCHIZOPHRENIA 3 Schizophrenia The key features of the disorder, including its symptoms Schizophrenia is a disorder that is characterized by unorganized thinking and odd perceptions that dysfunction in major activities within a person’s life. These sometime include withdrawals from society; they have delusions and also hallucinations. They also may not be able to show emotion, feel pain, pleasure. They also have a lack of facial expression. They suffer from depression, mania and paranoia. Schizophrenia is the main example of psychosis. Psychosis is a disorder that people suffer from, they become irrational and they have lost contact with reality. This disease affects the brain and the system affected is the psychic-emotional system. The term schizophrenia means “split mind” but in actuality Schizophrenia does not mean a split personality. In schizophrenia a person...
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...who committed adultery, those pregnant out of wedlock, or even those who were mentally different, were all singled out, treated the same, and considered abnormal. Abnormal behavior cannot simply be defined into a single definition, with no definite line that can be crossed which separates whether someone on one side of the line has abnormal tendencies, with someone on the other side which is considered normal behavior. This paper focuses on Schizophrenia, a major mental illness, and will discuss and evaluate the symptoms, causes, and treatments which are currently being used. The human mind can be fragile, and there are many diseases and disorders that can affect it. Some may be serious while others are minor and barely recognizable. Schizophrenia is just one of those diseases which can encompass being both minor and serious. The definition for a mental illness is an illness that affects a person's mind, thoughts, emotions, personality, or behavior. Just like a physical illness, mental illness also shows symptoms that make it possible for the mental disorder or illness to be identified. Some of the recognizable symptoms can be extreme moods, sadness, anxiety, and inability to think clearly, or remember well. It does not mean, that just because a person may experience some of these symptoms, that she or he is suffering from a mental illness. Everyone at one point in their lives, or another, will not be able to think clearly, or be in a bad mood, this is part of human nature and...
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... PSY/410 Facilitator: Maria Neely; MA; M.ed. 19 December 2011 Historical Perspectives of Abnormal Psychology * There is a fine line when comparing normal and abnormal behavior. What appears to be abnormal is considered normal by others. Abnormal behaviors are defined as psychopathology, which relates to abnormal behavior that can be defined, classified, explains, and treated (Hansell & Damour, 2008). This paper will examine the origins of abnormal psychology, include challenges to defining and classifying normal and abnormal behavior, provide a brief overview of how abnormal psychology has evolved into a scientific discipline, and the last part will analyze the psychosocial, biological/medical, and socio-cultural theoretical models related to the development of abnormal psychology. When assessing a person with a mental health problems looking at factors such as feelings, thoughts, and behaviors can play a very important role. The origins of abnormal behavior started to be wide-spread in mental clinics and hospitals. Patients were not getting the proper help and were often used as experiments to test what the body can handle. According to Damour and Hansell (2008), After decades it has changed where the number of psychiatric hospitals radically decreased and conditions...
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...doing this Research Paper. “Is it entrainable or not?”, one question with different ideas and information’s sticking with it. No specific and particular reviews I need to provide about it, I just need to gather information by means of researching just to know if Circadian Rhythm is entrainable or not. Although the process is not easy, as people who have suffered from a jetlag, because the more time you did not sleep, the more you will suffer Circadian Rhythm. Sleep and waking, for instance, occur naturally to the beat of an internal pacemaker, which works on a cycle of about twenty-four-hours. My purpose on making and researching is to have broad ideas and I need to answer the question bothering me if it is entrainale or not. I need to defend my title against myself to be proudly to present it and defend it easily.In my title, I used the questioning type because I want to know if Circadian Rhythm is truly entrainable or not. Y abstract focuses on the summary of my entire research paper and what are my goals and objectives on making this research. In listing the methods and procedures, my goal is to give the reader sufficient information to be able to understand it clearly. I have also results to give some description and guide to help the reader recognize my important points. Also the written conclusions were I stated what I’ve learned and proved. Lastly, in the bibliography I listed different references I used in my Research Paper to gather more informations...
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