Premium Essay

Biology Exam Review 2009

In:

Submitted By DarienNathan
Words 1867
Pages 8
Term 1 topics (30% of the exam):

• Skeleton

• Muscles

• Nervous System

• The Brain

Skeleton and Muscles

• Skeletal system is all the bones in the body and the tissues that connect them

• Average human has 206 bones

• Bones:

- Composed of living cells

- Has protein called collagen, which makes it strong (Collagen: strong fibers)

- Contain calcium sulphate and phosphorous which makes it hard

- 2 types: compact bone (outer layer, dense and hard), spongy bone (inner layer, consist of fine struts of bone, forms the red bone marrow)

• Cartilage (soft bone):

- Firm but softer than bone, cartilage is rubbery while bone is firm

- Has collagen but no mineral salts

- Smooth slippery surface acts as a cushion, reduces friction

• Function of bones:

- Enables movement (eg: raising of arm, breathing movement in the ribs, chewing of the jaws)

- Storage minerals

- Support the body, keep it off the ground and keeps the body shape

- Where blood production happens (red marrow of some bones such as vertebrae produce both red and white blood cells)

- Protection (brain-skull/cranium, heart, lungs and liver-rib cage, spinal cord-vertebrae)

• Structure of the skeleton (just important ones):

1. Vertebral column

- Also called backbone or spine or spinal column

- Consists of 33 individual vertebrae

- Cartilage allows the vertebrae slight movement (forward, backward, sideward)

2. The skull

- Also called cranium

- Made of many bony plates join together

- Lower jaw- chewing, top vertebra/neck vertebra- joint to the skull to allow nodding and rotational movements

3. The limbs

- Arm

- Upper arm bone- humerus (biceps and triceps muscles)

- Lower arm bones-

Similar Documents

Free Essay

Funtasksticks: Aligning the Games with Course Outcomes of Physics and Biology for Pre-Science Students

...FunTaskSticks: Aligning the games with course outcomes of Physics and Biology for Pre-science students Irma Ahmad1, Suhaiza Hasan2, Nur Azimah Osman3 1UiTM Negeri Sembilan (Malaysia) 2UiTM Negeri Sembilan (Malaysia) 3UiTM Negeri Sembilan (Malaysia) irma@ns.uitm.edu.my, suhaiza@ns.uitm.edu.my, azimah@ns.uitm.edu.my Abstract The demand for increasing the number of students to pass the pre-diploma programmes has boost up the need for active and motivating learning tools. To rouse the number of passing grades, various programs and series of lectures were conducted for pre-science students at UiTM Negeri Sembilan. However, none of the activities is in form of games. FunTaskSticks is a game that has been modified from the original Pick-Up Sticks and repurposed into instructional lesson as part of learning exercises to support students learning activities in informal educational settings. Therefore, in this study it attempts to investigate how FunTaskSticks could engage the learning process of Physics and Biology and assist them to improve their fundamental grammar of English language by using the terms and terminologies that they have learned in classes and from the game. There were 24 pre-diploma students who participated in this study. The finding revealed that FunTaskSticks is not only educating the students cognitively, but also affectively. Students learn to acknowledge, criticized and praise each other which has increased their motivation level and also their...

Words: 5676 - Pages: 23

Premium Essay

Essay

...Cocking, 2000, p. 18). Metacognitive practices increase students’ abilities to transfer or adapt their learning to new contexts and tasks (Bransford, Brown, & Cocking, p. 12; Palincsar & Brown, 1984; Scardamalia et al., 1984; Schoenfeld, 1983, 1985, 1991).  They do this by gaining a level of awareness above the subject matter: they also think about the tasks and contexts of different learning situations and themselves as learners in these different contexts.  When Pintrich (2002) asserts that “Students who know about the different kinds of strategies for learning, thinking, and problem solving will be more likely to use them” (p. 222), notice the students must “know about” these strategies, not just practice them.  As Zohar and David (2009) explain, there must be a “conscious meta-strategic level of H[igher] O[rder] T[hinking]” (p. 179)....

Words: 2490 - Pages: 10

Premium Essay

Factors That Influence Senior School Students’perception of Biology in Ilorin-South, Kwara State by Salam, Wahab Adeiza 10/25pa044 a Project Submitted to the Department of Science Education, Faculty of Education,

...CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION Background to the Problem Education has been very important through the ages and it can be defined as an organized and sustained instruction designed to communicate a combination of knowledge, skill and understanding valuables for all activities of life. Numerous groups during this century have identified what they believe the goals of education should be. One of the most widely cited reports is that of the commission on the reorganization of secondary education which in 1918 stated the goals of education as the seven cardinal principles: health, command of fundamental processes, worthy home membership, vocation, citizenship, worthy use of leisure and ethical conduct. Although neither science nor any of the other school subjects was included as one of the seven principles, the role and importance of science in achieving the seven cardinal principles is obvious. The world is fast becoming scientific in thinking and behaviors that without good knowledge of science, it might be difficult for people to adequately function in it. The purpose of exposing children to science instruction right from primary school level is not necessarily to turn them into scientist per se but to provide favorable scientific attitudes of ‘finding out’ and ‘hands-on‘ and to enable them raise questions about things that intrigue them. In a study on the impact of science on the society, Bertrand & Russell (1952) have shown that our time is an age of science. Science...

Words: 12738 - Pages: 51

Free Essay

Changing Our Lives

...College Credit Through Advanced Standing Produced by the Office of Academic Services This manual is accurate as of the date of publication. As new information becomes available, it will be posted to the online version, available through the Academic Services web site, www.nvcc.edu/aboutnova/directories--offices/administrative-offices/academic/index.html. Revised June 2012 Table of Contents INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................................... 3 PURPOSE .................................................................................................................................3 TYPES OF ADVANCED STANDING ...................................................................................................3 GENERAL PROCEDURES ...............................................................................................................4 EVALUATION RESPONSIBILITIES .....................................................................................................5 SECTION 1—CREDITS FROM POST-SECONDARY INSTITUTIONS ........................................ 7 GENERAL CONDITIONS ................................................................................................................7 GENERAL EDUCATION TRANSFER CREDIT FOR STUDENTS WITH PREVIOUS DEGREES ..................................9 EVALUATION OF INTERNATIONAL TRANSCRIPTS .....................................................................

Words: 11912 - Pages: 48

Free Essay

The Role of Student in Academic Performance

...Factors in the Performance of Biology Subject in Secondary Schools in Eldoret Municipality, Kenya Wabuke Joy Mukhwana Chepkoilel University College, Department of Science Education, P. O. Box 1125-30100, Eldoret, Kenya. ___________________________________________________________________________ Abstract This paper focuses on the student-related factors that influence performance of students in Biology in Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education in Eldoret municipality. The study was conducted through an ex-post facto design. A total of ten secondary schools were sampled. Target respondents were Form Three students and teachers of Biology (those teaching Form Three) within the municipality. The study sample (which was made up of 225 respondents; 200 students and 25 teachers) was obtained using stratified sampling. Simple random sampling was then used to choose the streams and particular students who participated in the study. Purposive sampling was used to obtain only the students who study Biology. The data was collected using questionnaires, observations and interviews and analysed using statistical package for social science (SPSS) computer programme. The results were presented using descriptive and inferential statistics. It was established that student-related factors affecting performance of Biology in Eldoret Municipality are: primary school Science which provides a requisite background for Biology at secondary school level; interest in Biology (theory and practical) provides...

Words: 7725 - Pages: 31

Free Essay

Apa Formats for Theisi

...1 APA Documentation in Research Papers (2014-2015) The Purpose of Referencing/Documentation A. to identify (cite) other people’s ideas and information used within your essay or term paper, and B. to indicate the sources of these citations in the References list at the end of your paper. APA Format The APA format is only one of many methods of documentation. Details about the format are found in  the Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association (6th ed.) (at MRU Bookstore and MRU Library)  the APA Style Guide to Electronic References (6th ed.) (referred to in this handout as Electronic Guide)  the APA website at http://apastyle.apa.org/ (including Frequently Asked Questions [FAQ]) and the APA Style Blog NOTE: The APA manual is not designed specifically for students. These guidelines have been adapted to fit the needs of MRU students. Please consult with your professors if you have any questions about referencing guidelines for specific courses. Avoiding Plagiarism – Citation Principles for Essays and Term Papers [APA pp. 169170] Within essays, term papers, and any other written assignments (as in all academic work), you must identify (i.e., reference, document, cite) all quotations, paraphrases, ideas, and images from someone else’s work. You must name the original author or source and surround quoted material with quotation marks or set it in a block format as described in this handout (p. 2). Copying any material and ...

Words: 5190 - Pages: 21

Premium Essay

Genetic Screening

...Breast Cancer… Is Genetic Screening the Answer? By: Wendy Wilburn Biology 2020 – Biology II Dr. Robinson April 25, 2015 The Great Genetic Screening Debate ABSTRACT Within the past thirty years, researchers have found strong evidence that our DNA or genetic material may be a predictive factor for disease probability. This has lead to the development of genetic testing after the isolation of certain candidate genes. Although predictive genetic screening is only available for a selective number of diseases, its ramifications have become hot topics for debated issues in a broad range of arenas from governmental agencies to religious applications. (1). This debate began in 1993 when researchers isolated the BRCA1 gene, which is associated with the increased risk of developing breast cancer (1). The discovery of this gene leads to hope and speculation for development of a predictive genetic test that could identify women at risk for developing breast cancer. The purpose of my paper is to delve into the positives and negatives of predictive genetic testing, as it is applied to breast cancer precursors. INTRODUCTION Before I go into details about how these genetic tests were developed, I want to first discuss how certain genes can trigger an inactive disease. The human body requires the actions of many proteins working together. For a protein to work properly, an intact gene must be encoded for a specific protein. A mutation describes a gene which has genetically...

Words: 1419 - Pages: 6

Premium Essay

Computer Assisted Instruction

...CHAPTER 1 THE PROBLEM AND ITS SETTING Introduction In the Philippines , most of the Filipinos experienced the modern technology of science. People now using the modern materials and machines all over the world and our country as well. The areas of modernization especially the communication and transportation gave big change of easiness of some hard and difficult works of Filipino people. The Laguna province shows progress not only in agriculture but also in industries. These changes and improvement were done through modern equipment. Different schools also improved their education with the help of these highly - technological equipment. In this 20th century, a years of information and revolution, computer appears as one of the most powerful all purpose and unique tool which is used in the world and also in our country nowadays. Computer is often use in companies, factories, hall, supermarkets, schools as well as in our house. It is said that using this tool makes work efficient, accurate, and with less effort. In companies, computer is used in business transactions, payrolls, inventories, and many more. Computer is also used at home for teaching and aids in attaining educational purpose for the benefits of the students. Computer can assist one in a particular subject...

Words: 6836 - Pages: 28

Premium Essay

Business

...Practice Final Exam ANSWER KEY College Reading 115 Bianco p.1 RD 115 FINAL EXAM REVIEW – WITH ANSWER KEY SPRING 2009 Dr. Martha J. Bianco This final review is exactly what the final exam will look like, except that the final exam will be based on a different reading. To prepare for the final exam:  Read “The Age of Globalization,” pp. 687-702 from Opening Doors ahead of time so that you are familiar with it. This is the reading that most of the final exam will cover.  The final is open book, but you may prefer to bring an annotated, highlighted, and marked-up photocopy of “The Age of Globalization” to class for the final, if you have been trying not to write in your book.  Take the practice final, below; check your answers online at http://www.marthabianco.com/RD115/key.pdf, and follow through on studying areas where you need help. PRACTICE FINAL EXAM – WITH ANSWER KEY Introduction:  This practice final exam is based on reading 11-1 in Chapter 11, “Cultural Diversity: Family Strengths and Challenges,” pp. 725-743.  You may want to prepare for the practice final exactly like you would prepare for the real final. o Read and study Reading 11-1 on p. 725-743 before attempting the practice final. o Annotate, highlight, and mark up the reading and have it ready when you begin (either a photocopy or in the book itself). o You may use your book during the practice final, but remember, you will have only one hour in class, so try to complete the practice final...

Words: 3674 - Pages: 15

Premium Essay

Podcasting

...Web Tools for Distance Education-Podcasting Podcasting Darlene LaBarre University of Capella Podcasting is one of the most recent uses of Internet technology. The term "podcast" is a mixture of the words iPod and broadcast with "iPod" being the name given to a family of portable MP3 players from Apple Inc. "MP3" is a frequent file format for electronic audio files. From an educational perspective the use of podcasts are limitless. Since creating podcasts is fairly easy and inexpensive, instructors can easily use them for delivery of supplemental information or review of previously covered material. Podcasts can also be used for acquiring new and supplemental knowledge from expert sources on the web. Listening to podcasts provides learners with different learning activities in addition to readings and lectures thus reaching a wider audience and supporting a broader range of learning styles. This paper will focus on the questions of what podcasts are, why they are useful in higher education, and, most importantly, how faculty and students can use podcasts to enhance learning experiences. Advocates of podcasting believe that it can offer unique educational benefits to learners. One of the earliest reports describing the potential of podcasting in education was by Clark and Walsh (2004). They highlighted that "listening is instinctual, [but] reading and writing are not" (p. 5) - that linguistic psychologists have found that unlike reading and writing, children do not learn how...

Words: 2248 - Pages: 9

Premium Essay

Biology Teachers Ict Competences in Secondary Schools in Nsukka Education Zone

...DEPARTMENT OF SCIENCE EDUCATION UNIVERSITY OF NIGERIA, NSUKKA EFFECT OF STUDENTS’ IMPROVISED INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIALS ON SENIOR SECONDARY SCHOOL STUDENTS’ACHIEVEMENT IN BIOLOGY. BY MBEREKPE AUGUSTINE, CHUKWUNYEREMUNWA REG NO: PG/M.ED/09/50813 SUPVERISOR: PROF: U. M. NZEWI JANUARY, 2013 CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION Background of the Study Science has been reorganized as the bedrock on which modern day technological breakthrough is hanged. The major goal of science education is to develop scientifically literate individuals that are concerned with high competence for rational thoughts and actions. The objectives of science education in this country according to Maduekwe (2006) include the need to prepare students to: Observe and explore the environment, explain simple natural phenomena, develop scientific attitudes including curiosity, critical reflection and objectivity, apply the skills and knowledge gained through science to solve everyday problems in the environment, develop self-confidence and self-reliance through problem solving activities in science. Nowadays, countries all over the world, especially the developing ones like Nigeria, are striving hard to develop technologically and scientifically, since the world is turning Scientific and all proper functioning of lives depend greatly on Science. According to Ogunleye (2006), Science is a dynamic human activity concerned...

Words: 23495 - Pages: 94

Free Essay

Animal

...Animal From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia For other uses, see Animal (disambiguation). "Animalia" redirects here. For other uses, see Animalia (disambiguation). Page semi-protected Animals Temporal range: Ediacaran – Recent PreЄЄOSDCPTJKPgN Animal diversity.png Scientific classification Domain: Eukaryota (Unranked) Opisthokonta (Unranked) Holozoa (Unranked) Filozoa Kingdom: Animalia Linnaeus, 1758 Phyla Subkingdom Parazoa Porifera Placozoa Subkingdom Eumetazoa Radiata (unranked) Ctenophora Cnidaria Bilateria (unranked) Orthonectida Rhombozoa Acoelomorpha Chaetognatha Superphylum Deuterostomia Chordata Hemichordata Echinodermata Xenoturbellida Vetulicolia † Protostomia (unranked) Superphylum Ecdysozoa Kinorhyncha Loricifera Priapulida Nematoda Nematomorpha Onychophora Tardigrada Arthropoda Superphylum Platyzoa Platyhelminthes Gastrotricha Rotifera Acanthocephala Gnathostomulida Micrognathozoa Cycliophora Superphylum Lophotrochozoa Sipuncula Hyolitha † Nemertea Phoronida Bryozoa Entoprocta Brachiopoda Mollusca Annelida Synonyms Metazoa Haeckel, 1874 Animals are multicellular, eukaryotic organisms of the kingdom Animalia (also called Metazoa). Their body plan eventually becomes fixed as they develop, although some undergo a process of metamorphosis later on in their lives. Most animals are motile, meaning they can move spontaneously and independently. All animals must ingest other organisms or their products for...

Words: 6286 - Pages: 26

Free Essay

Factors

...Success in Gateway Courses at Northern Arizona University Russell Benford Julie Gess-Newsome Center for Science Teaching and Learning Northern Arizona University Flagstaff, AZ 86011-5697 May 24, 2006 Factors Affecting Student Academic Success in Gateway Courses at Northern Arizona University Table of Contents Section Abstract Introduction Predictors of Student Achievement in Introductory Business, Mathematics, and Science Courses Predictors of Student Achievement in Business, Marketing, and Economics Predictors of Student Achievement in Mathematics Predictors of Student Achievement in Computer Science Predictors of Student Achievement in Physics Predictors of Student Achievement in Chemistry Predictors of Student Achievement in Biology Summary of Factors That Predict Student Success in Introductory Business, Mathematics, and Science Courses Interpreting Results of Predictive Studies in Business, Mathematics, and Science Education Methods Institutional Records and Public Data ABC and DFW Rates in Gateway Courses Characterizing ABC and DFW Students Student Survey Page 4 5 10 11 13 15 18 20 21 24 27 30 31 32 34 35 1 Characterizing Students’ Educational and Socioeconomic Contexts Characterizing Gateway Classrooms and Courses Development of Predictive Model Results Course-Oriented ABC and DFW Statistics ABC and DFW Rates in Gateway Courses Teaching Styles Used in Gateway Courses Student-Oriented ABC and DFW Statistics Student Demographics Student Perception of Course...

Words: 10369 - Pages: 42

Free Essay

Genetic Engineering: Patent Request Analysis

...Genetic Engineering: Patent Request Analysis By Genetic Engineering: Patent Request Analysis The governmental patent office has requested a think tank team of criminologists to review the research documents of new technology computer-aided microscopic rare gene molecules. The team of criminologists will consider the legal or not legal aspects of the doctor’s request for a patent, along with the viability of current transplant procedures. The scenario states the doctor has invented a computer – aided organism as key to bridge the new cells to human organs in the host receiver. This is a new concept of using microscopic rare gene molecules to make any human organ viable for everyone without the side effects of rejection, or infections. This research document is the collective, innovative thoughts and opinions of four people team. Patent Requirements The filing of medical patent begins with two important points. The first point begins as the criminologists will determine the usability of the new technology. The computer – aided microscopic rare gene molecules are the key to bridge genetically designed new cells to the human organs within the host receiver. This concept would make the genetically engineered cells for the damaged organ acceptable to the host receiver. The viable idea is to inject the microscopic rare gene molecules straight into the damaged organ along with the anti-infection drugs. The second important point is the innovative studies to confirm the computer-...

Words: 2071 - Pages: 9

Free Essay

Undecided

...Undecided Title Jessica Cottrill COM/156 Gerald Chouinard There are two gods in Greek mythology that stand out from a medical standpoint, in particular. Those being Hippocrates and Asclepius. Hippocrates has become known to many historians and physicians as the founding father of medicine due to his taking it and making it a rational practice, free from magic and superstition. (Osborn, 2010.) The influences of Hippocrates are vast and still provide a basis for physicians today. He was the first to document medical histories and use patient histories to study their illnesses. He factored in all aspects of their lives including past medical problems, the climate in which they live, diet and their line of work. The Hippocratic collection is composed of Hippocrates writings from his research and practice of medicine. It is composed of sixty books documenting information on every part of the human body including the brain, skin and eyes. It is unclear as to whether Hippocrates wrote all of the collection, but it is thought to have been written by himself and his students. (Truman, 2013.) The myth of Asclepius and his contributions to modern medicine are surrounded by more fantastical stories of healing than, Hippocrates. According to ancient Greek history, Asclepius was so skilled in his surgical and healing capabilities, it appeared as though he could rise the dead to living again. According to myth, Asclepius was struck down by the gods who were...

Words: 2088 - Pages: 9