...Biosensors and Bioelectronics 25 (2009) 661–667 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Biosensors and Bioelectronics journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/bios Review Detection of microorganisms using biosensors—A smarter way towards detection techniques Madhura Nayak 1 , Akhil Kotian 1 , Sandhya Marathe 1 , Dipshikha Chakravortty ∗ Centre for Infectious Disease Research and Biosafety Laboratories, Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560012, India a r t i c l e i n f o a b s t r a c t Along with useful microorganisms, there are some that cause potential damage to the animals and plants. Detection and identification of these harmful organisms in a cost and time effective way is a challenge for the researchers. The future of detection methods for microorganisms shall be guided by biosensor, which has already contributed enormously in sensing and detection technology. Here, we aim to review the use of various biosensors, developed by integrating the biological and physicochemical/mechanical properties (of tranducers), which can have enormous implication in healthcare, food, agriculture and biodefence. We have also highlighted the ways to improve the functioning of the biosensor. © 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. Article history: Received 8 July 2009 Received in revised form 22 August 2009 Accepted 25 August 2009 Available online 31 August 2009 Keywords: Biosensors Microorganisms Biodefence...
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...Westminster International University in Tashkent, Academic year 2013-14, Semester 1 Module name Personal Development CW weighting 40% Submission deadline TW12-13 Sem.One CW format (individual/group) Individual CW number and title CW 2 Oral presentation CW checks the learning outcomes 1- prepare documents about themselves, reflecting the personal development of a student (such as a portfolio, an action plan); 2- set goals for further improvement based on individual reflective learning; 4- communicate in writing and orally; 6- deliver a presentation Oral Presentation You will need to prepare an individual oral presentation. The Oral Presentation task will test your ability to communicate information in oral form supporting it with visual aids such as Power Point slides, posters, etc. The presentations will take place in TW 12-13 of semester one. Each presentation will last 5-6 minutes. It will consist of an introduction, the main body and a conclusion and will be followed by questions from the audience. You will be assessed on 1. quality of the content, 2. ability to structure the material, 3. interaction with the audience using body language and eye contact and dealing with questions appropriately 4. quality of visual aids. Prepare a presentation which is based on the topic “My personal learning from research on Mass Media in Uzbekistan” You need to follow the steps below: 1 Westminster International University in Tashkent, Academic year 2013-14, Semester...
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...results to be attained, not how they are to achieve them. CDRs use orders to provide direction and guidance that focus the forces activities on the achievement of the main objective, set priorities, allocate resources, and influence the situation. 6. Accept prudent risk – a deliberate exposure to potential injury or loss when the commander judges the outcome in terms of mission accomplishment as worth the cost. PRESENTATION OUTLINE / SLIDES A. Intro, purpose, references, procedure/outline 1. Greeting (poised and confident) 2. Purpose (BLUF) – relevant, focused, clear, concise, stating thesis 3. References (current and meaningful) 4. Procedure and outline, logical, posted or embedded throughout the brief B. Quick summary of events leading to battle. C. Analysis of mission command from one side of the battle – four of the 6 principles of mission command D. Quick description of the battles outcome on how the mission affected that outcome. E. Significance of this analysis. 1. Para B-E body of Mission Analysis paper 2....
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...4/11/2016 Purdue OWL Welcome to the Purdue OWL This page is brought to you by the OWL at Purdue (https://owl.english.purdue.edu/). When printing this page, you must include the entire legal notice at bottom. Contributors:Elyssa Tardiff, Allen Brizee. Summary: This resource describes why outlines are useful, what types of outlines exist, suggestions for developing effective outlines, and how outlines can be used as an invention strategy for writing. Four Main Components for Effective Outlines Ideally, you should follow the four suggestions presented here to create an effective outline. When creating a topic outline, follow these two rules for capitalization: For firstlevel heads, present the information using all uppercase letters; and for secondary and tertiary items, use upper and lowercase letters. The examples are taken from the Sample Outline handout. Parallelism—How do I accomplish this? Each heading and subheading should preserve parallel structure. If the first heading is a verb, the second heading should be a verb. Example: I. CHOOSE DESIRED COLLEGES II. PREPARE APPLICATION ("Choose" and "Prepare" are both verbs. The present tense of the verb is usually the preferred form for an outline.) Coordination—How do I accomplish this? All the information contained in Heading 1 should have the same significance as the information contained in Heading 2. The same goes for the subheadings (which should be less significant than the headings)...
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.... Introduction – You need to outline to your CEO the aim of report, the issue in focus (a quick summary from your brief), what management functions /theories are going to be covered, and how the issue is going to be addressed. 2. Defining and framing the Issue –You need to identify the underlying reasons why the issue has arisen in the first place (the ‘why’? question). As part of this, you will need to frame the issue in relation to the current practices with management functions (including supporting theory/theories) that may have contributed to the issue. You should include some consideration of any relevant environmental factors (internal/external) that may have influenced the issue. 3. Addressing the Issue – You need to show how you will address the underlying reasons that have contributed to the issue by outlining changes to the existing practices with the identified management functions (the ‘how’? question). Your arguments need to be supported with reference to theory/theories that endorse the new approach. 4. Conclusion – You need to provide a summary and evaluation of the key findings of the report. You may choose to identify some limitations and/or assumptions associated with the findings that reader of the report should be aware of. 5. Recommendations – You need to provide no less than two and no more than three recommendations on the courses of action that the business ‘should’ undertake. These recommendations should clearly and succinctly outline a suggested...
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...The audio summary is a new product for the market. These is no direct competitor because we are the only audio summary in the market currently. However, the competitions are still existed since there are substitutes for our product. The substitutes include document summary and video review for textbooks. It is obvious that there are many different documental summary for textbooks in the market right now. For example, Koofers Notes is a website that allowed students to upload these course materials for others students, but the materials are delayed and unorganized. It has hundreds relative files for one course, and many of them are insignificant. It will take a great amount of time for students to find the information they want. In addition,...
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...Consulting Case Memo -- Outline Executive Summary While this section appears first, it should actually be the last thing you write. * The executive summary should be no more than one page. * Executive summaries are not “introductions.” They do not provide background. * Everything discussed in the executive summary should be explained in greater detail in the body of the memo. * If the only thing someone reads is your executive summary, your reader should have a good understanding of the problem, your proposal, the most important cost(s), and the most important benefit(s). Problem Statement Identify the problem in business terms. State clearly why the owner, president, or CEO should care about addressing the problem you’ve identified. Proposed Solution Identify the one most important action the company or organization needs to take to address the problem. Be as specific as possible in describing your solution. Costs of the Proposal Be as inclusive as possible when thinking about costs. Consider things like opportunity costs and the impact of the proposed change on the organization’s culture in addition to the more obvious financial costs. Identify every possible objection to your proposal. Why hasn’t the company already taken this step? The quickest way to have your recommendation rejected is to hear an objection to which you must reply, “I hadn’t thought of that.” Benefits of the Proposal How will your specific proposal address the problem you’ve...
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...Author name [Pick the date] Include who you prepared the paper for, who prepared the paper, and date submitted. [Type the abstract of the document here. The abstract is typically a short summary of the contents of the document. Type the abstract of the document here. The abstract is typically a short summary of the contents of the document.] Table of Contents 1. Executive Summary. 1 2. Introduction. 1 III. Review of Literature. 1 1. Analysis. 1 2. Recommendations. 1 3. Summary and Conclusions. 1 VII. Appendix x. 1 VIII. References. 1 List the main ideas and section of your paper and the pages in which they are located. The illustrations should be included separately. Make sure that you have page numbers in your paper and list the page number(s) in the table of contents for the page where the appropriate section starts. Helpful Notes: Prepare an outline of your paper before you go forward. The outline is due at the end of Week 5 – which is also the first draft of your paper. Complete a first draft and then go back to edit, evaluate, and make any changes required. You can use example like graphs, diagrams, photographs, flowcharts, maps, drawings, etc. to help clarify and support the written part of your report. I. Executive Summary Use a header titled with the name of your project. Explain what you found, how you researched your topic, and what you...
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...3/17/14 Document- Letter of transmittal (one page = D) D- Table of contents D- Executive Summary Introduction (background & scope)+ Findings + Conclucluions (and/ or recommendations) + (+ IFC =D or more) D- References Letter of transmittal -Authorization (Dr Zlack) -Preview of report & conclusion -Goodwill closing Table of Contents __________ …… 2 ___________...... 3 Align the contents with the numbers correctly. That’s the hardest part. Executive Summary -An “abstract” of report (search academic abstract) Introduction -purpose (problem) *-scope & limitations -Preview of the report organization Scope= What we did do (in the research) Limitations= what we did not do (….) Rules for Graphs * Must be introduced in the text ( in the paragraphs) ----- as you can see from figure 5 see graph 3 * - must be title * must have a legend Speech- Delivery Eye Contact 1. Attention 2. Connection (rapport) 3. Credibility * 4. Confidence Don’t mention do not! Always say Didn’t shouldn’t wouldn’t etc. (catch someone lying) 1 look at everyone 2 Refrain from looking at things 3 Do not read Oral Communication Do’s 1 do have sufficient volume 2 Have a conversational pace 3 Do have vocal variety ( do not memorize) Don’ts 1 Don’t apologize 2 Don’t curse Nonverbal -Posture - Gesture -Attire * Professional or plain * No logos (accessories (limited) ) * No Hats ...
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...Good and poor examples of executive summaries This is a GOOD example from an Accounting & Finance assignment. Footnote Executive Summary This report provides an analysis and evaluation of the current and prospective profitability, liquidity and financial stability of Outdoor Equipment Ltd. Methods of analysis include trend, horizontal and vertical analyses as well as ratios such as Debt, Current and Quick ratios. Other calculations include rates of return on Shareholders Equity and Total Assets and earnings per share to name a few. All calculations can be found in the appendices. Results of data analysed show that all ratios are below industry averages. In particular, comparative performance is poor in the areas of profit margins, liquidity, credit control, and inventory management. The report finds the prospects of the company in its current position are not positive. The major areas of weakness require further investigation and remedial action by management.Recommendations discussed include: improving the average collection period for accounts receivable· improving/increasing inventory turnover· reducing prepayments and perhaps increasing inventory levels The report also investigates the fact that the analysis conducted has limitations. Some of the limitations include: forecasting figures are not provided nature and type of company is not known nor the current economic conditions data limitations as not enough information is provided or enough detail...
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...Executive Summary: Organizational Focus & Goals Derron Venerable University of Phoenix HRM/326 MARIBEL HINES September 15, 2014 Introduction The purpose of an Executive Summary is articulate a full report with the least amount of words possible depending on the size and nature of the issue. In most cases executive summaries serve as a report for executives who do not have the time to read the full report; therefore, the summary will give the executive the information that he or she needs to understand the objective, the issue(s), and the plan(s) in place to solve the issue(s). The following summary is focusing on an on-going overtime issue that one of the company’s branches is having. Focus and Goals The current focus at this particular location is to complete the daily task in the fastest most efficient safest way possible. The goals are to minimize or combine the current routes, run the routes from the closet point to the furthest and create a benchmark for each driver to attempt to meet in a safe but efficient manner. The research states that if the routes are done in a sequence form from the closet point to...
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...Page 21 to 27 1. Discuss the differences between statistics as numerical facts and statistics as a discipline or field of study. 10. The Wall Street Journal (WSJ) subscriber survey (October 13, 2003) asked 46 questions about subscriber characteristics and interests. State whether each of the following questions provided categorical or quantitative data and indicate the measurement scale appropriate for each. a. What is your age? Quantitative b. Are you male or female? Categorical c. When did you first start reading the WSJ? High school, college, early career, midcareer, late career, or retirement? Categorical d. How long have you been in your present job or position? Quantitative e. What type of vehicle are you considering for your next purchase? Nine response categories include sedan, sports car, SUV, minivan, and so on. Categorical 15. The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) reported the number of new drugs approved over an eight-year period (The Wall Street Journal, January 12, 2004). Figure 1.9 provides a bar chart summarizing the number of new drugs approved each year. a. Are the data categorical or quantitative? Quantitative b. Are the data time series or cross-sectional? Data time series c. How many new drugs were approved in 2003? About 20 d. In what year were the fewest new drugs approved? How many? 2002 e. Comment on the trend in the number of new drugs approved by the FDA over the Eight-year period. The FDA approved of more new drugs between the years...
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...Assignment II: Statistics Analysis in Business 1. What is the level of measurement for each of the following variables? a. Student IQ ratings b. Distance students travel to class c. Date of birth d. Number of hours students study per week 2. Place these variables in the following classification tables. Qualitative | Quantitative | | | e. Salary f. Gender g. Temperature h. Exam score i. Student rank in the class j. Number of mobile phone k. Soft drink preference 3. A total of 1,000 residents in Minnesota were asked which season they preferred. The results were 100 liked winter best, 300 liked spring, 400 liked summer, and 200 liked fall. If the data were summarized in a frequency table, how many classes would be used? What would be the relative frequencies for each class? Conduct a frequency table. 4. A set of data consisted of 38 observations. How many classes would you recommend for the frequency distribution? 5. A set of data consisted of 230 observations between $235 and $567. What class interval would you recommend? 6. Wachesaw Manufacturing, Inc., produced the following number of units in the last 16 days. 27 27 27 28 27 25 25 2826 28 26 28 31 30 26 26 | The information is to be organized into a frequency distribution. ...
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...The judge asks you to prepare an essay, explaining to her why, under Illinois law, she should grant or dismiss the motion for summary judgment. Please help the judge. CASE SCENERIO: The plaintiff Alan was trying to catch a plane at Chicago's O'Hare Airport. He knew that he was late for his plane and so, he was running through the airport as fast as possible. Unfortunately, Alan does not see the banana peel that was lying on the floor in the middle of the concourse. He slipped on the banana peel and went sliding across the floor. He banged his head on a metal counter and suffered a severe head injury. Alan now files a lawsuit against the airport, which, we will assume, is in charge of maintaining the concourse, alleging negligence on the part of the Airport. A subsequent investigation revealed that the banana peel was brownish when Alan slipped on it. Alan states that he has no idea where the peel came from and why it ended up where it did. The Airport moves for summary judgment on the grounds that Alan has not alleged any evidence of negligence on the part of the airport. The Airport claims that it has no idea how the peel got there, but it could have been dropped a moment ago by another passenger, and that Alan can't disprove this possibility. The issue that must be decided is whether the airport’s motion for summary judgment should be granted or dismissed. Alan bears the burden of proving that the banana peel had in fact been lying in the...
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...Case Research Assessment Baker College Ruiz v. Safeway is a case involving both a Tort; a civil wrong that has caused someone else to suffer harm, and negligence also known as professional malpractice; the failure to meet a standard of conduct that is recognized by a profession (Freedictionary, 2012). Ruiz v. Safeway was filed by Michael and Lydia Ruiz against Safeway, Inc. under business code 25602.1 and it was eventually argued in First Appellate District, Division Five, Sonoma County, Super.Ct.No. SCV-245045 (Law.com, 2012). Mr. and Mrs. Ruiz’s complaint against Safeway involved the death of their son, Alexander Ruiz. Alexander was killed when, Dylan Morse, an 18-year-old alleged drunk driver struck his car. Mr. and Mrs. Ruiz wanted to hold Safeway responsible because, shortly before the accident, a Safeway clerk sold alcohol to Mr. Morse’s passenger, Ryne Spitzer (Law.com, 2012). On February 13, 2009 Morse and Spitzer made plans to attend a frat party. They both drank beer and rum until the party was broken up by the police around midnight. Morse and Spitzer returned to their dorm until Spitzer suggested that they buy more beer. Morse agreed and they arrived at the Safeway around 2 am. Upon entering the Safeway the two proceeded to the beer aisle and then went to check out. At checkout the clerk, Amy Gonzalez, who had 12 years of experience, asked for proof of age to purchase the alcohol. Spitzer gave her a California driver’s license that indicated that he was...
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