...[pic] What does biotechnology mean? A general description of biotechnology is using living things to create products or to do tasks for human beings. Biotechnology is the practice of using plants, animals and micro-organisms such as bacteria, as well as biological processes - such as the ripening of fruit or the bacteria that break down compost - to some benefit. For example, biotechnology is used in industry, medicine and agriculture to produce foods, medicines, and test for diseases and remove waste. Examples of industry, medicine, agricultural? Industry: Some examples that are used in biotechnology industries is most laundry detergents produced in the United States contain biotechnology-based enzymes. The other example in industry biotechnology has also led to the creation of a wide range of materials, such as biodegradable plastics, biopolymers and bio-pesticides, novel fibres and even timbers. Some are used as fabric softeners, corrosion inhibitors, ink carriers, solvents, hair conditioners and perfumes. Medicine: one example of medicine in biotechnology is making vaccines and drugs to determining genetic origins of disease, producing organs for xenotransplant and developing nonmedical diagnostic methods. The other example in the use of medicine in biotechnology has made new therapies and vaccines, including products to treat cancer, diabetes, HIV/ AIDS and autoimmune disorders. Agriculture: Agricultural biotechnology benefits farmers, consumers and the...
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...Darryle Hockett Module 1 Assignment # Contemporary Application of the Sciences Instructor: Nancy Tress May 26, 2014 Some people think that biotechnology is just one kind of technology however it’s not. Biotechnology is actually a group of technologies that have 2 traits in common which are working with molecules and cells living or even dead ones in order to develop a new range of practices that can help to improve our quality of living. The definition of biotechnology is commonly referred to as using organisms or their products for commercial purposes. Some of the things that biotechnology have been used to do is bake breads, brew new alcoholic beverages by adding different kinds of flavors and textures, and it has also been use to help breed animals and also crops for human and animal consumption. In recent years there have been new changes in molecular biology have that have been able to give the world of biotechnology a new meaning and purpose and potential for other applications. What is now gathering the attention of people today is biotechnology a more modern version that affects the foods that we eat. Biotechnology has had a relatively positive effect in today’s world and economic structure. One example of modern biotechnology is genetic engineering. Genetic engineering is the process of transferring individual genes between organisms or modifying the genes in an organism to remove or add a desired trait or characteristic. Genetic engineering is the method...
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...Biotechnology Applications Shervin Motamedi Argosy University In this paper I will describe biotechnology and how it was one of the oldest sciences to exist. I will then evaluate the current applications of biotechnology. Next I will provide three real world examples of current applications of biotechnology in the agricultural field. Biotechnology is a scientific innovation that focuses on developing products for humans, from the combination of biological systems and engineering methods. Biotechnology is the branch of biological sciences which involves using living organisms, and applying the latest engineering tools and techniques to develop certain commercial products for specific uses. The easiest way to understand the process of biotechnology is the process of genetic manipulation of organisms for the production of antibiotics, and hormones for specific use by the human race. Although we humans have rapidly advanced our understandings of biotechnology recent years, biotechnology is actually one of the oldest sciences. It existed in prehistoric times with the growing of crops for food or sale, and the breeding of animals. Currently, biotechnology has four types of applications. First being healthcare because it is the most recognizable to people when we think of biotechnology. Gene therapy which on a cellular level, uses the genetic material to cure or treat diseases. Producing new drugs and testing them is also a major part of the biotechnological application in healthcare...
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...Biotechnology Insulin crystals Biotechnology is the use of living systems and organisms to develop or make useful products, or "any technological application that uses biological systems, living organisms or derivatives thereof, to make or modify products or processes for specific use" (UN Convention on Biological Diversity).[1] Depending on the tools and applications, it often overlaps with the (related) fields of bioengineering and biomedical engineering. For thousands of years, humankind has used biotechnology in agriculture, food production and medicine.[2] The term itself is largely believed to have been coined in 1919 by Hungarian engineer Karl Ereky. In the late 20th and early 21st century, biotechnology has expanded to include new and diverse sciences such as genomics, recombinant gene technologies, applied immunology, and development of pharmaceutical therapies and diagnostic tests.[3] Definitions of biotechnology The concept of 'biotech' or 'biotechnology' encompasses a wide range of procedures (and history) for modifying living organisms according to human purposes — going back to domestication of animals, cultivation of plants, and "improvements" to these through breeding programs that employ artificial selection and hybridization. Modern usage also includes genetic engineering as well as cell and tissue culture technologies. Biotechnology is defined by the American Chemical Society as the application of biological organisms, systems, or processes by various...
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...HISTORY OF BIOTECHNOLOGY * 500 B.C.: In China, the first antibiotic, moldy soybean curds, is put to use to treat boils. * A.D. 100: The first insecticide is produced in China from powdered chrysanthemums. * 1761: English surgeon Edward Jenner pioneers vaccination, inoculating a child with a viral smallpox vaccine. * 1870: Breeders crossbreed cotton, developing hundreds of varieties with superior qualities. * 1870: The first experimental corn hybrid is produced in a laboratory. * 1911: American pathologist Peyton Rous discovers the first cancer-causing virus. * 1928: Scottish scientist Alexander Fleming discovers penicillin. * 1933: Hybrid corn is commercialized. * 1942: Penicillin is mass-produced in microbes for the first time. * 1950s: The first synthetic antibiotic is created. * 1951: Artificial insemination of livestock is accomplished using frozen semen. * 1958: DNA is made in a test tube for the first time. * 1978: Recombinant human insulin is produced for the first time. * 1979: Human growth hormone is synthesized for the first time. * 1980: Smallpox is globally eradicated following 20-year mass vaccination effort. * 1980: The U.S. Supreme Court approves the principle of patenting organisms, which allows the Exxon oil company to patent an oil-eating microorganism. * 1981: Scientists at Ohio University produce the first transgenic animals by transferring genes from other animals into mice. * 1982: The...
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...Taiwan’s Biotechnology Industry Taiwan’s Biotechnology Industry With the IT industry increasingly moving to China, the biotechnology industry has been cited as a potential driver for the next stage of Taiwan's economic evolution. Yet while its credentials are strong, it should not be expected that the Research & Development (R&D) heavy industry to start making positive figures in GDP accounts anytime soon. However, there is potential for society with the biotechnology industry. For example, in the development of cheaper medicines and food sources that benefit continents, biotechnology could perhaps outstrip even IT in changing the way the world works. Biotechnology also holds interest for more than simply the altruistic-minded, as it is an industry that has demonstrated a potential to make people very wealthy. Taking the United States as an example, the period between 1993 and 2001 demonstrated biotechnology revenues leap from US$8.1 billion to US$25 billion, according to the Biotechnology Industry Association.[i] And there is little reason to think that this trend will slow any time soon. Thus there is not much to question as to why the biotechnology world has lately attracted so much attention in Taiwan. With the early drivers of Taiwan's "second economic miracle" in the IT industry rapidly relocating to low-cost China, the search for a high value-added replacement has been intense.[ii] Given the numbers, biotechnology is a very attractive choice; as stated...
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...IPR plays a very vital role in protecting Biotechnology transfer rights and provide the proper mechanism for the sustainable use of its components as well as the fair and equitable sharing of the benefits arising out of the use of biodiversity. Basically, the Biotechnology defined as “any technological application,” applies to products, not procedures. In furtherance to that, the pharmaceutical industry developing immeasurably in the field of biotechnology and IPR is the only instrument which can protect the foremost rights arising out of transferring the Biotechnology. As I mentioned earlier that technology is the application of knowledge to solving specific problems or unpretentious meeting identified needs. In respect to the aforementioned topic, biotechnology transfer appreciates as ‘the technology transfer in which the application of technologies in new geographic or product areas, generally involving adaptation to local needs and conditions.’ According to the Convention on Biological Diversity, the convention intently giving special attention and it is only because of its specific references within the Convention. Biotechnology, defined therein as “any technological application,” applies to products, not procedures. Due to the diversity of product traits, biotechnology cannot be treated as a single entity, but rather must be addressed as a composite of products with individual specific attributes and transfer processes. Technology transfer activities that are based on...
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...As we’ve seen the key objective of an organization’s marketing efforts is to develop satisfying relationships with customers that benefit both the customer and the organization. These efforts lead marketing to serve an important role within most organizations and within society. At the organizational level, marketing is a vital business function that is necessary in nearly all industries whether the organization operates as a for-profit or as a not-for-profit. For the for-profit organization, marketing is responsible for most tasks that bring revenue and, hopefully, profits to an organization. For the not-for-profit organization, marketing is responsible for attracting customers needed to support the not-for-profit’s mission, such as raising donations or supporting a cause. For both types of organizations, it is unlikely they can survive without a strong marketing effort. Marketing is also the organizational business area that interacts most frequently with the public and, consequently, what the public knows about an organization is determined by their interactions with marketers. For example, customers may believe a company is dynamic and creative based on its advertising message. At a broader level marketing offers significant benefits to society. These benefits include: • Developing products that satisfy needs, including products that enhance society’s quality of life • Creating a competitive environment that helps lower product prices • Developing product distribution...
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...“Biotechnology is the use of living systems and organisms to develop or make useful products and use biological systems to make and modify products”. It provides organisms to make food products such as meats and dairy products. It also provides as a breakthrough for certain disease. Although biotechnology has done well for society, it also stirs up controversy. One of the ethical issues in technology that is very controversial is cloning. Some people would say cloning is the future, while others including myself would say it is harming our futures. I am against cloning because of the unethical experimentations, procreations turn into manufactures, and it threatens individuality and identity. In this report you will be learning about what is cloning, the pros and cons of cloning, and how to fix this controversial issue. Cloning is a cell or organism that is genetically identical to the unit or individual from which is was derived from. Cloning can be done on animals, plants, food, and even humans. The three types of cloning are Gene, Reproductive, and Therapeutic Cloning. Gene cloning creates copies the DNA, Reproductive cloning involves copies of animals, and Therapeutic cloning deals with stem cells in human beings body. One of the pros from cloning is that it can replace internal organs and tissue. Embryonic stem cells can grow and produce new organs and tissue from the damaged one. When patients are in need of a transplant, instead of waiting for an organ donor, they would...
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...Biotechnology Genetically-modification organisms (GMOs) or genetic modification of foods (GM foods) describes “crop plants produced for human or animal consumption using the most current molecular biology techniques” (Whitman, 2000). These plants have been modified in the laboratory by “adding, deleting, or changing segments of its DNA” (Withgott & Laposota, 2012, p. 149) to improve desired traits such as increased resistance to herbicides or improved nutritional matter. The enrichment of desired traits has traditionally been embarked on through breeding, but conventional plant breeding methods can be very time consuming and are often not very precise, says Whitman (2000). In other words, the potential benefits of genetic engineering consists of a greater measure for the growth and perfection of “foodstuff” and so the adjustment of genetic material in any case not found in nature has fueled public debate surrounding the health and environmental issues of GM foods. A study stresses that, “pest resistance crop losses from insect pests can be staggering, resulting in devastating financial loss for farmers and starvation in developing countries. Farmers typically use many tons of chemical pesticides annually. Consumers do not wish to eat food that has been treated with pesticides because of potential health hazards, and run-off or agricultural wastes from excessive use of pesticides and fertilizers can poison the water supply and cause harm to the environment. Growing...
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...Who was the physician who created the oath that is taken by all doctors? |a. |Socrates | |b. |Hippocrates | |c. |Galileo | |d. |Reed | 2. It looks promising that stem cell research will provide a cure for what disease? |a. |Diabetes | |b. |Parkinson’s | |c. |Lung cancer | |d. |Both a and b | 3. What is one of the greatest ethical questions in biotechnology? |a. |When does life begin? | |b. |When does life end? | |c. |Should sex changes be allowed? | |d. |Is it moral to transplant organs? | 4. Which president halted further stem cell research from human embryos? |a. |Ronald Reagan | |b. |Jimmy Carter | |c. |Bill Clinton | |d. |George W. Bush | 5. Injuries to the nervous system are difficult to treat because they cause impairment to ____. |a. |blood vessels ...
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...(Cover Page) “PROJECT ON “SUCCESS STORY OF AN ENTREPRENEUR – KIRAN MAZUMDAR” Master of Commerce Semester – III (2014-2015) Submitted In Partial Fulfillment of the requirements For the award of degree of M.Com By Arati Sachidanand Mishra Seat No. _86_ Tolani College of Commerce Sher – E – Punjab society, Andheri (East), Mumbai – 400 093. PROJECT ON “SUCCESS STORY OF AN ENTREPRENEUR – KIRAN MAZUMDAR” Master of Commerce Semester – III (2014-2015) Submitted In Partial Fulfillment of the requirements For the award of degree of M.Com By Arati Sachidanand Mishra Seat No. _86_ Tolani College of Commerce Sher – E – Punjab society, Andheri (East), Mumbai – 400 093. CERTIFICATE This is to certify that Arati Sachidanand Mishra of M.Com. Semester III (2014–2015) has successfully completed the project on “Success Story of an Entrepreneur- Kiran Mazumdar” under the guidance of Prof. Mahalaxmi Ramaprasad. Project Guide: - ___________________ Course Co-Ordinator: - ___________________ External Examiner: - ___________________ Principal: - ___________________ DECLARATION I, Arati Sachidanand Mishra the student of M.Com.Semester III (2014-2015) hereby declare that I have completed the project on “Success Story of an Entrepreneur- Kiran Mazumdar” in the course (Entrepreneurship Management). The information submitted is true and original to the...
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...Kiran Mazumdar-Shaw (born 23 March 1953) is an Indian entrepreneur. She is the chairman & managing director of Biocon Limited a biotechnology company based in Bangalore (Bengaluru), India. ------------------------------------------------- Profile Kiran Mazumdar-Shaw completed her schooling from the city’s Bishop Cotton Girl's High School (1968). She wanted to join medical school but instead took up biology and completed her BSc Zoology Honours course from Mount Carmel College, Bangalore University (1973). She later did her post-graduation as a brewmaster in Malting and Brewing from Ballarat College, Melbourne University (1975). She worked as a trainee brewer in Carlton and United Breweries, Melbourne and as a trainee maltster at Barrett Brothers and Burston, Australia. She also worked for some time as a technical consultant at Jupiter Breweries Limited, Calcutta and as a technical manager at Standard Maltings Corporation, Baroda between 1975 and 1977. She started Biocon in 1978 and spearheaded its evolution from an industrial enzymes manufacturing company to a fully integrated bio-pharmaceutical company with a well-balanced business portfolio of products and a research focus on diabetes, oncology and auto-immune diseases. She also established two subsidiaries: Syngene (1994) to provide development support services as an outsourcing firm for discovery research and Clinigene (2000) to cater to clinical development services. Her pioneering work in the sector has earned...
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...1. Introduction: Enzymes such as amylases, cellulases, xylanases and proteases are widely used in the industry for the manufacture of pharmaceuticals, foods, beverages and confectioneries as well as in textile and leather processing, and wastewater treatment. The potential applications of amylases, cellulases, xylanases and proteases in biotechnology have already been reviewed. The majority of the enzymes used in the industry are of microbial origin because microbial enzymes are relatively more stable than the corresponding enzymes derived from plants and animals. With the recent advent of biotechnology, there has been a growing interest and demand for enzymes with novel properties. Considerable efforts have been devoted to the selection of...
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...engineering report to investigate the development of Bioengineering including the effects on society and the individual, analyse ethical issues associated with Bioengineering and to outline one recant development in the field of Bioengineering. As a class we have been researching Bioengineering for a four-week period. Main Sections 1. The development of bioengineering and the effects on society and the individual. Whether known as bioengineering, biological engineering, biomedical engineering, biotechnology or other names, the science has had an impact on food production, medicine and the environment. The pace of development in biotechnology is increasing at a rapid rate in modern times. The Biotechnology Institute lists four events from the B.C. era. Then from 1590 to 1833 there were eight historical events in biotechnology. From 1855 to 1888 there were again eight events. In the first half of the 20th century there were 18. In the 1950s and 1960s 12 notable biotechnology events occurred. By 1970, the advances became numerous enough to be listed by decade. In 1980s and 1990s numerous events took place each year. It...
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