...Running head: BIPOLAR I & II 1 Bipolar I & II Research Paper (Main Focus on Bipolar II) Perry Blankenship Liberty University BIPOLAR I & II 2 Abstract This paper will cover the diagnoses and treatment of Bipolar II. This paper will show that Bipolar II is found in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM). This paper will also discuss the use of medication as part of the treatment process for this disorder. This paper will research some of the similar and conflicting attributes of Bipolar I and II. This paper will also show that Bipolar II is a disorder that can be maintained but is never fully cured. This paper will also consider the Christian world view concerning Bipolar Disorder. BIPOLAR I & II 3 According to Maddux and Winstead (2008), Bipolar II is defined as “One or more major depressive episodes accompanied by at least one hypomanic episode.” Bipolar II patients are not as disabled, and they do not present the same psychotic features as Bipolar I patients with manic episodes. When researching information about Bipolar II Disorder a researcher will need to look under...
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...Depression Paper Kevin Lausterer Axia College University of Phoenix Many people become depressed at some point in their lives, but when these feelings interfere with an individual’s ability to live a normal life and persist for an extended period, the individual should seek professional help. Some individuals not only experience depression but also extreme highs, known as mania, making it more difficult to live a normal, productive life. I will outline the differences between unipolar and bipolar disorders. In addition, I will address the underlying causes of unipolar and bipolar disorders, I will indicate the symptoms that an individual with unipolar or bipolar may be suffering from, and provide the treatments that are available for individuals who suffer from unipolar or bipolar disorders. Bipolar Disorder is a disease thought to be caused by changes in the chemistry of the brain. The symptoms and severity of the condition can vary, but with the proper treatment, Bipolar Disorder symptoms can be managed. Amongst the more than five million adults in America who have Bipolar Disorder, these “mood swings” can be extreme or frequent. These changes in mood aren’t as simple as transitioning from “happy” to “sad.” With Bipolar Disorder, symptoms can include both a lowering of mood (depression) and an exaggerated elevation of mood (mania). These changes occur in cycles and are referred to as “episodes.” People...
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...Individual Assignment Depression Paper Yekaterina Tarkovsky PSY/270 Abnormal Psychology May 30, 2014 Normal Ames Unipolar Depression and Bipolar Depression are the two types of mood disorders, which are considered genetic disorders and look very similar to each other, thus making it very confusing. Both of these disorders share similar symptoms, such as hopelessness, sadness, sleep problems, anxiety, and pessimism. However, there comes a point where they go in different directions. Medical professional has to be very careful in distinguishing which disorder the patient is suffering from because treatments for them vary. If a patient was inaccurately diagnosed that in can result in conditions to be worsened or ineffective. Both of these depressions might be severe as well as carry a huge risk of suicide. One of the major differences between Unipolar and Bipolar Disorders is that people who are diagnosed with Bipolar Disorder experience episodes of hypomania or mania. Symptoms for Bipolar Disorder include aggression, ADHD and OCD symptoms, psychosis, anxiety at a very high level, agitation, and rapid cycling. Many people suffering with Bipolar Disorder experience excessive sleeping and high level of daytime fatigue, as well as weight gain due to increased appetite. People who suffer from Unipolar Disorder have opposite experiences. They tend to wake up in the middle of the night or very early in the morning. Some of the people with Unipolar Depression have increased appetite...
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...A Reflective Paper On Bipolar Disorder Bipolar is a condition known as manic-depressive disorder, which referred to as bipolar or manic depression, a psychiatric diagnosis that describes a category of mood disorders defined by the presence of one or more abnormal episodes. An estimated 15-20% of patients who suffer from bipolar disorder and who do not receive medical attention commit suicide. Bipolar disorder is a very dangerous illness that is often over looked. Although many people may assume that bipolar disorder is just a person's personality fluctuating between highs and lows, there is much more to this disease. Bipolar disorder is a complex physiological and psychological disorder that can influence and manipulate a person's thoughts and actions in their daily life. Bipolar elevated moods are symptoms of mania or milder hypomania. Individuals who experience manic episodes have both mania and depression present at the same time. These episodes are usually separated by periods of "normal "mood; but, in some individuals, depression and mania may rapidly alternate, which is known as rapid cycling. Feldman, R.S 2009. In addition, extreme manic episodes can sometimes lead to psychotic symptoms such as delusions and hallucinations. Depression phase of bipolar disorder include persistent feelings of sadness, anxiety, guilt, anger isolation, or hopelessness; disturbances in sleep and loss of appetite and interest in usually enjoyable activities; problems concentrating; loneliness...
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...Bipolar disorder is a mental illness that makes people unconsciously have mood swings periodically. “This disorder is also known as manic-depressive disorder, bipolar disorder is most commonly found in young adults, and in some cases, children as well.” Statistics show that the bipolar disorder affects about four million people in the United States, and is becoming one of the most common disabilities in the United States today. People with the bipolar disorder undergo two specific mood swings: depression and mania. The bipolar disorder was discovered during the time of the ancient Greeks. “During the time of the ancient Greeks, it was believed that bipolar disorder was caused by inspirations, environment, spiritual factors, as well as emotions,...
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...As many as 19 million Americans million are affected by mood disorders ( The two main types of mood disorders are bipolar disorder and major depressive disorder which are described as disturbances in mood, behavior and emotion.“ Bipolar disorder is a complex disorder in which the core feature is pathological disturbance in mood ranging from extreme elation, or mania, to severe depression usually accompanied by disturbances in thinking and behavior, which may include psychotic symptoms, such as delusions and hallucinations” (Craddock, Jones 1999). Major depressive disorder or unipolar depression is characterized by a consistent low mood and lack of interest in things typically enjoyed .A second classification of major depressive disorder, is dysthymic disorder which is a chronic but less severe form of major depression (John W. Santrock 2007). Also major depression has many subgroups including seasonal affect disorder and postpartum depression. While there are many treatment options for the symptoms of mood disorders and promising scientific research, much is still unknown about a disorder that affects so many lives. According to Dinsmoor, R. S. &ump; Odle, T. G. (2009), bipolar depression refers to a condition in which people experience two extremes in mood. The bipolar spectrum includes; bipolar I, bipolar 2, bipolar NOS (not otherwise specified) and cyclothymia and all are related to disturbances in mood but differ in severity of symptoms. They are differentiated by the...
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...Anxiety: GAD People with generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) are extremely worried about these and many other things, even when there is little or no reason to worry about them. They are very anxious about just getting through the day, and think things will always go badly. At times, this worrying keeps many people with GAD from doing everyday tasks. Panic disorder, another form of anxiety, sometimes runs in families, but no one knows for sure why some people have it while others don't. Social Anxiety: Social anxiety is the fear of interacting with others that brings on self-consciousness, feelings of negativity, and leads to avoidance. If someone seems irrationally anxious around others but seem better alone, they may have social anxiety. Depression: Everyone occasionally feels blue or sad. But...
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...Depression Paper Nuewana Fultz 8/15/2015 PSY/270 Debbi Kutner University of Phoenix Unipolar and Bipolar There is often a confusion between Unipolar Depression and Bipolar Disorder Depression due to the fact they share the same symptoms of sadness, hopelessness, pessimism; anxiety and sleep problems; although Unipolar Depression and Bipolar Depression take very different directions. It is important that we are able to tell them apart and understand the differences in diagnosing and treating these disorders. Making an inaccurate diagnosis can result in making the disorder worse. There are two types of mood disorders: Unipolar Depression and Bipolar Disorder. It is believed both are genetic disorders and they share many of the same symptoms. These disorders differ in treatments, and some of the symptoms are also different. Both can be very severe and carry a risk of suicide. Unipolar Depression Unipolar depression is a mood disorder that is categorized by depression without mania. Depression and mania are the opposite of each other; depression is a state of sadness that one is overcome by all of life’s challenges, whereas mania is when one is on a state of elation and has extravagant beliefs that the world is theirs. Unipolar can be brought on by many different types of circumstances one experiences chemically or in life’s...
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...There are many people being diagnosed with depression, mood and anxiety disorders each year. What causes this? What symptoms would indicate a mood disorder? What are some treatment methods for such disorders? In this essay I will be discussing unipolar and bipolar disorders in detail; what is the difference between them, available treatment methods for individuals who suffer from these illnesses and signs and symptoms that might possibly happen. According to R.J Comer, (Fundamentals of abnormal psychology, 2005, 4th ed. Chapter 7) Unipolar is described as an individual who has “no history of mania and returns to a normal or nearly normal mood when their depression lifts. Bipolar is described as individuals who experience periods of mania that alternates with periods of depression.” Any kind of anxiety, stress, and/or depression can alternate a person’s ability to function in normal daily activities. Meaning an individual may or may not be able to get out of bed, go into public, or interact with others. What are the causes of such disorders? It could be that a person has been through a traumatic event in their life such as, a disaster, losing a job, divorce, rape, or substance abuse, etc. When such life’s events happen a person can withdraw themselves almost as if they have lost their way and cannot figure out how to deal with such crisis, that things just keep building up on top of each other and never truly heal the root cause. This cycle can go on allowing for the individual...
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...Bipolar disorder is an illness that cannot be treated, however, with the help of doctors it can be maintained by taking medications and psychotherapy. Bipolar disorder has been around for years, but this is one illness that was not known until the 1850s, still today some people are unaware if they have dipolar disorder or not. Many times doctors may confuse it with depression. Though this may not be the case, there is similar symptoms a patient will have that is similar to depression. This is called a depressive episode; other diagnosis can be manic episodes. As we look into the effects of bipolar disorder, we will find out where this illness comes from and what can we do to help others with this similar case. Bipolar disorder was first...
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...Bipolar Disorder PSY350: Physiological Psychology Instructor: Claire Decristofaro January 19, 2016 I have chosen to research and discuss Bipolar Disorder as my younger brother (31) wsa diagnosed with BD nearly ten years ago after an injury to the head. After he was diagnosed with BD, I began to put together his behavior over our life, and realized that the symptoms that my brother exhibited matched with BD. As far as I was aware, no one in our family had ever been diagnosed with Bipolar other than my brother, so I decided to reach out to my Aunt and found that we do have other family members that have this disorder as well. My Aunt’s brother and her daughter Nycol were diagnosed with BD; it appears that BD runs in our family and is genetic. Bipolar Disorder (BD) is classified as a mood disorder; however it can also be classified as a psychotic disorder because Bipolar Disorder has psychotic symptoms (Wilson, 2013). Bipolar disorder is a brain disorder that causes a person to experience unusual shifts in mood, activity levels, and energy; this affects a person's ability to carry out normal, everyday tasks (nimh.nih.gov). A person diagnosed with BD experiences extreme highs and lows. During a mania phase, known as a high, a person goes through many different emotions and may experience (help.org): - Feelings of heightened energy - Hyperactivity - Require little sleep - Creativity - Euphoria...
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...The Cause of Depression: Cognitive Perspective Kristin D Simpson-Oloso Psyc3002 Section 05 Cause of Depression Paper Capella University May 2016 Abstract Depression comes in many different forms such as major depression, dysthymia, postpartum depression, seasonal affective disorder, bipolar disorder, and psychotic depression. Along with the many different forms, there are also many symptoms, which include feelings of helplessness, hopelessness, loss of interest in daily activities, sleep changes, anger, and irritability, loss of energy, self-loathing, and reckless behavior. Although the exact cause of depression has eluded doctors, psychiatrists, nurses, and researchers since its inception, one of the key roles affecting depression is an individual’s environment. The Cause of Depression: Cognitive Perspective Environmental causes of depression are concerned with factors that are outside of us. They are not directly related to brain function, inherited traits from parents, medical illnesses, or anything else that may take place within us. Instead, environmental events are those things that happen in the course of our everyday lives that we can’t control. Age, community, society, and a person’s neighborhood do play apart in environmental depression. But, the three arguments’ that I will discuss are prolonged stress, childhood difficulties, or traumatic events. Stress and Depression Depression is a problem that is affecting 9% of U.S. Citizens...
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...Psychological Disorders Psychological disorder - a syndrome marked by a clinically significant disturbance in an individual’s cognition, emotion regulation, or behavior Disturbed, or dysfunctional thoughts, emotions, or behaviors are maladaptive - they interfere with normal day-to-day life. Understanding Psychological Disorders Medical Model Brutal treatments may worsen, rather than improve, mental health. Philippe Pinel opposed such brutal treatments. He insisted that sickness of the mind is caused by severe stress and inhumane conditions. Curing them requires “moral treatment’” including boosting patients’ moral by unchaining them and talking with them. Medical model - the concept that diseases, in this case psychological disorders, have physical causes that can be diagnosed, treated, and in more cases, cured, often through treatment in a hospital Biopsychosocial Approach The biopsychosocial approach emphasizes that mind and body are inseparable. Negative emotions contribute to physical illness, and physical abnormalities contribute to negative emotions. Epigenetics - the study of environmental influences on gene expression that occur without a DNA change Classifying Disorders & Labeling People Classification aims to: * Predict the disorder’s future course * Suggest appropriate treatment * Prompt research into causes DSM-5 - the American Psychiatric Association’s Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition;...
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...Psychological Disorder in Depth Disorder 2 Mood disorders are disturbances in the emotional state and can be prolonged. People with mood disorders will feel unhappy sometimes, not be interested in projects, they also will not feel like being around others, they also feel a sense of worthlessness as well. Most mood disorders go along with real life problems surrounding the person. The most common mood disorder is depression. Normal depression is what everyone can experience, for example: after a loved ones death a person can feel depressed over the loss. Symptoms of normal depression are sadness and just getting the blues for no reason. Normal depression only stays with a person for a short period of time. Clinical depression can last for years. Some of the same symptoms are the same as normal depression, but they are more severe than the normal depression symptoms are. Clinical depression can also lead to a person having suicidal thoughts and even the person going through with the suicide. Bipolar disorder is classified in the same category as attention deficit disorder. Most doctors miss read bipolar signs and will treat the person for attention deficit or hyperactivity disorder. With bipolar a person will be more hyperactive, more impulsive, inappropriate actions are even more severe in someone with bipolar to the point of being extremely...
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...Mental health concern is becoming more common in today’s society. However, there is a raising concern for the correlation between aging and mental health. With age comes health concerns due to the fact that all organ systems in the body undergo an aging process. Mental illnesses in older adults include, but are not limited to: depression, bipolar disorder, anxiety, suicidal thoughts, substance abuse, dementia and Alzheimer’s disease. This paper will discuss the raising concern of mental health and aging, new treatment options, approaches to mental health in the elderly, and recent studies conducted on each of these critical and debilitating diseases. Depression is a very common, yet devastating disease originating from the brain. It can affect...
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