...Mashell Chapeyama Zimbabwe This week we looked at the relationship between family planning, life expectancy and economic growth. Generally, most people and organizations concur that there is a relationship among these variables. Birth control has an input in the rate of population growth. The level of population in the world or in a country seems to impact on economic growth and the level of the standard of living f the people. Let us look at the question of the relationship between family planning and population growth. The more the people practice family planning the more likely that the population will stabilize in the long run. The population may also grow at a decreased rate. There is no question on the fact that family planning has assisted in controlling the rate of population growth the world over. In most countries, where family planning has been practiced the rate of population growth is lower than in countries where the issue of family planning is not wide spread. In most developed countries where family planning is practiced at a larger scale, the rate of population growth is lower than in some developing countries where there is little family planning. Let us shift attention to the relationship between population growth and economic development. Some economists have found a relationship between the rate of population growth and economic growth. They have established that countries with low rate of population growth have realized a better rate of...
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...Birth Control and Poverty Reduction In: Social Issues Birth Control and Poverty Reduction Mashell Chapeyama Zimbabwe This week we looked at the relationship between family planning, life expectancy and economic growth. Generally, most people and organizations concur that there is a relationship among these variables. Birth control has an input in the rate of population growth. The level of population in the world or in a country seems to impact on economic growth and the level of the standard of living f the people. Let us look at the question of the relationship between family planning and population growth. The more the people practice family planning the more likely that the population will stabilize in the long run. The population may also grow at a decreased rate. There is no question on the fact that family planning has assisted in controlling the rate of population growth the world over. In most countries, where family planning has been practiced the rate of population growth is lower than in countries where the issue of family planning is not wide spread. In most developed countries where family planning is practiced at a larger scale, the rate of population growth is lower than in some developing countries where there is little family planning. Let us shift attention to the relationship between population growth and economic development. Some economists have found a relationship between the rate of population growth and economic growth. They...
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...Millennium development goals are: 1. To eradicate extreme poverty and hunger 2. To achieve universal primary education 3. To promote gender equality and empower women 4. To reduce child mortality 5. To improve maternal health 6. To combat HIV/AIDS, malaria, and other diseases 7. To ensure environmental sustainability 8. To develop a global partnership for development Now in 2016 if we analysis the Govt. progress report of Bangladesh we can see that Bangladesh had great achievements in these fields: * Reducing extreme poverty * Reducing prevalent of underweight children under 5 years * Reducing under five child mortality * Increasing enrolment in primary school * Increased ration of girls to boys in primary and secondary education * Improved maternal health Analysis of Bangladesh’s achievement in all eight goals of Millennium Development Program: Goal 1: eradicate extreme poverty and hunger Bangladesh has made a praiseworthy progress in eradicating poverty and hunger. GDP growth rate of 6% and above has played a positive role . the robust of growth has been accompanied by improvement of several social indicators such as increased life expectancy and lower fertility rate . In 1992-93 the poverty rate of Bangladesh was 56.7 % and it was reduced to 31.5% in 2010. the rate of reduction being faster in the present decade than the earlier ones. the incidence of poverty has declined on an average 1.74...
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...factor in economic growth. Theory of Demographic Transition: The theory of demographic transition states the impact of economic development on the population growth of a country. The earliest systematic discussion on the theory of population growth is provided by Malthus in 1798. Malthus stated that population growth always exceeds the growth of means of subsistence and warned that the uncontrolled population had to be corrected by nature which would be very painful. Economists however, argued that the population growth is a transitory phenomenon that is explained by the theory of Demographic transition. According to this theory there are three distinct stages of population growth: First Stage: High Birth-Rate and High Death-Rate In the first stage of population growth, the birth rate and death rate are high. This keeps population growth as low. The economy during this stage is underdeveloped with low level of income. The...
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...size of the state of Arizona at 116,000 square miles, has an estimated present population of 94 million and could possibly be at 154,000,000 in the year 2050 if the current annual population growth is maintained at about 2.0%. The Reproductive Health bill, or popularly known as RH bill, is Philippine Bill aiming to guarantee universal access to methods and information on birth control and maternal care. It is a way of helping people to be more advance, well prepared, and to widen up each and every individuals mind setting about our society nowadays. The bill mandates the government to “promote, without bias, all effective natural and modern methods of family planning that are medically safe and legal”. Although abortion is recognized as illegal and punishable by law, the bill states that “the government shall ensure that all women needing care for post-abortion complications shall be treated and counseled in a humane, non-judgmental and compassionate manner”. The bill calls for a “multi-dimensional approach” integrates a component of family planning and responsible parenthood into all government anti-poverty programs. Age-appropriate reproductive health and sexuality education is required from grade five to fourth year high school using “life-skills and other approaches”. The new law passed after acrimonious debates in the Philippine Congress and the wider political establishment. The Roman Catholic Church hierarchy mounted a vitriolic opposition campaign, despite survey after...
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...eradicate extreme poverty and hunger 2. To achieve universal primary education 3. To promote gender equality and empower women 4. To reduce child mortality 5. To improve maternal health 6. To combat HIV/AIDS, malaria, and other diseases 7. To ensure environmental sustainability 8. To develop a global partnership for development These goals have specific targets made up of several health and economic indicators. Indicators measure the development in developing countries; check the success of those rich countries which help fund development programs, and provide a yardstick for the 23 international organizations committed towards implementation of the MDGs. The current MDG framework (2007) is the revised version which came after a review done by the UN-Secretary General who added four new targets to the previous framework of 2003. The base year however, remained 1990. PAKISTAN’S MDG PROGRESS (Planning Commision, 2013) Pakistan, being a member of UN has had the opportunity to develop under the UN programs and goals. The MDGs sets in 1990 are no exception. Pakistan has taken on the eight goals of MDGs. The progress is measured by the 16 targets; subdivided into 41 indicators. Below is a description of the status of Pakistan on each of the MDG and a short analysis of the same. Goal 1: Eradicate extreme poverty and hunger This MDG has the three same targets as set by the UN i.e. to halve the proportions of people living below the poverty line, to realize...
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...Problems with Population Growth Population change is caused when the birth rate is higher than the death rate, the birth rate is defined as ‘the number of live births per thousand of the population’ and the death rate is defined as ‘the number of live births per thousand of the population’ (Brooks, 2011). As of October 2010 the world’s population reached a total of 6.9 Billion people which is 1.6 Billion more than what it was in 1990 (Brooks, 2011). With the birth rate being much higher than the death rate the government must invest more money in caring for the larger number of elderly people, but they must also invest in catering for the increase number of birth each year. Population growth can have a number of negative effects such as environmental problems, with population growth contributing to almost 7.9% of the world’s environmental problems (Wenner, 2005). Population growth also has effects such as reduction of the world’s resources, and overpopulation of certain areas. In countries such as Tanzania, the economy is growing each year by 6.4 percent, as well as this the population is growing by 2.9 percent per year. The country’s government is concerned that they need to control this fast population growth in order for them to accelerate economic growth. Tanzania’s government have a 5 year plan in place in order for them to reduce the number of maternal deaths to 175 for every 100,000 births (Saiboko, 2012). The huge increase in population growth means that there is...
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...several peoples to flee the country. There is still conflict to this day but the 35 million residents of this developing country are making efforts toward improving their country and their lives. The population growth rate is 3.32% with a birth rate of 44.5 per 1, 000 greatly exceeding the death rate of 11.26 per 1,000. An average citizens life expectancy is a low 53 years (Central Intelligence Agency, 2013). These statistics are indicators that Uganda is currently in a stage of development. The Millennium Development Goals (MDG) are helping move this country to a healthier more developed state. The citizens of Uganda have been taking great strides to achieve the Millennium Development Goals and improve their country by 2015. The first Millennium Development Goal is to eradicate extreme poverty and hunger. Uganda has made the greatest progresses in achieving this goal. From 1992 to 1999 the poverty head count fell from 56% to 35%. It has since fallen to 31% and nearing the goal of 25% or half by 2015. The second target of the first goal, achieving full and productive employment, has not made large improvement but from 2003-2005 there was a 3% increase in employed personas as well as an increase in the number of employed above the poverty line (Fan, S. et al. 2004). The last target of the first goal, to halve the number of people who suffer from hunger, has also seen a strong decline since 1995 at 26% to 2006 at 16%, almost to the goal of 10% by 2015 (United Nations Development...
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...|Alternative Plan/Reforms |Status/Condition | | | |(government/agencies) | | |1. Poverty |Population growth |- Tulong sa Tao Program of the Aquino |Philippines have not been strong | | |Lack of individual |Administration; |enough to speed up the pace of | | |responsibility / Laziness |- Social Reform Agenda (SRA) |poverty reduction. This in turn would| | |Weak Agriculture sector |of the Ramos administration, |impact on the country's progress | | |Poor government policy / Corruption |- Lingap Para sa Mahihirap program of |towards Eradicate Extreme Hunger and | | | |President Estrada, |Poverty. | | | |- Kapit-Bisig Laban sa Kahirapan | | | | ...
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...Summary: Five Year Plans in India Plan Notes First Plan (1951 - 56) It was based on Harrod-Domar Model. Community Development Program launched in 1952 Focus on agriculture, price stability, power and transport It was a successful plan primarily because of good harvests in the last two years of the plan Second Plan (1956 - 61) Target Growth: 4.5% Actual Growth: 4.27% Also called Mahalanobis Plan named after the well known economist Focus - rapid industrialization Advocated huge imports through foreign loans. Shifted basic emphasis from agriculture to industry far too soon. During this plan, prices increased by 30%, against a decline of 13% during the First Plan Third Plan (1961 - 66) |Target Growth: 5.6% Actual Growth: 2.84% At its conception, it was felt that Indian economy has entered a take-off stage. Therefore, its aim was to make India a 'self-reliant' and 'self-generating' economy. Based on the experience of first two plans, agriculture was given top priority to support the exports and industry. Complete failure in reaching the targets due to unforeseen events - Chinese aggression (1962), Indo-Pak war (1965), severe drought 1965-66 Three Annual Plans (1966-69) Plan holiday for 3years. Prevailing crisis in agriculture and serious food shortage necessitated the emphasis on agriculture during the Annual Plans During these plans a whole new agricultural strategy was implemented. It involving wide-spread distribution of high-yielding varieties of seeds, extensive...
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...Human Development of Bangladesh Topic: Human Development of Bangladesh Subject: Macroeconomics Subject Code: ECO-502 Submitted to: Dr. Salehuddin Ahmed Course Instructor BRAC Business School BRAC University Submitted by: |Sl. No. |Name |ID | |01. |Sigma Sharmeen Khan Prema |141 64 010 | |02. |Rubaiya Binte Mustafa |141 64 005 | |03. |Mahmudur Rahman Polash |141 64 015 | |04. |Md. Mohsin Alam |132 64 001 | |Section: 01 | Date of Submission: 28-03-2015 Letter of Transmittal March 28, 2015 Dr. Salehuddin Ahmed Course Instructor BRAC Business School BRAC University Subject: Submission of report on “Human Development of Bangladesh” Dear Sir, With due respect & humble submission, we the students of M.B.A. Spring 2015, are submitting the report on “Human Development of Bangladesh”. It gives us immense pleasure to inform you that we have completed the report under your kind hearted direct supervision. ...
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...is achieved by the year 2010. 15 MAJOR OBJECTIVES OF THE NATIONAL POPULATION POLICY: The objectives of the National Population Policy are to improve the status of family planning, maternal and child health including reproductive health services and to improve the living standard of the people of Bangladesh through making a desirable balance between population and development in the context of Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) and Interim Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper (IPRSP). The following major policy objectives will help address the future challenges: 1. Reduce Total Fertility Rate (TFR) and increase the use of family planning methods among eligible couples through raising awareness of family planning; 2. Attain NRR equal to one by the year 2010 so as to stabilize population around 2060; 3. Ensure adequate availability and access of Reproductive Health Services, specially family planning services to all including information, counseling and services for adolescents; 4. Improve maternal health with emphasis on reduction of maternal mortality; 5. Reduce...
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...TOPIC: ORAL CONTRACEPTION RESEARCH QUESTION: SHOULD HIGH SCHOOL GIRLS BE ALLOWED TO HAVE ORAL CONTRACEPTION WITHOUT PARENTAL CONSENT? America, titled the greatest country in the world is crawling in so much debt and we the people can not only see it around us but we feel it in our homes and our pockets. 'On 13 December 2012, debt held by the public was approximately $11.579 trillion or about 73% of GDP. Intra-governmental holdings stood at $4.791 trillion, giving a combined total public debt of $16.370 trillion the highest amount of debt we have ever grossed since the beginning of U.S history'.(Wikipedia. (2012). United States public debt. Retrieved from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_public_debt). But in 2008 alone we spent about 11 billion dollars on teenage pregnancies. THESIS STATEMENT: RESEARCH SUGGEST THAT HIGH SCHOOL GIRLS SHOULD BE ALLOWED TO HAVE ORAL CONTRACPETION WITHOUT PARENTAL CONSENT BECAUSE THIS WILL HELP REDUCE THE OCCURANCE AND RISK ASSOCIATED WITH TEEN PREGNANCY AND ABORTION AND REDUCE THE FINANCIAL BURDEN ON TAX PAYERS. MAIN POINTS: Easier access to to oral contraception will reduce the occurrence of unwanted and unplanned pregnancies and abortions and...
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...1991 Indian economic crisis By 1985, India had started having balance of payments problems. By the end of 1990, it was in a serious economic crisis. The government was close to default, its central bank had refused new credit and foreign exchange reserves had been reduced to such a point that India could barely finance three weeks’ worth of imports which lead the Indian government to airlift national gold reserves as a pledge to the International Monetary Fund (IMF) in exchange for a loan to cover balance of payment debts Recovery With India’s foreign exchange reserves at $1.2 billion in January 1991[2][3][4] and depleted by half by June,[4] barely enough to last for roughly 3 weeks of essential imports,[3][5] India was only weeks way from defaulting on its external balance of payment obligations.[3][4] Government of India's immediate response was to secure an emergency loan of $2.2 billion from the International Monetary Fund by pledging 67 tons of India's gold reserves as collateral. The Reserve Bank of India had to airlift 47 tons of gold to the Bank of England and 20 tons of gold to the Union Bank of Switzerland to raise $600 million.[9][2][10] National sentiments were outraged and there was public outcry when it was learned that the government had pledged the country's entire gold reserves against the loan. Interestingly, it was later revealed that the van transporting the gold to the airport broke down on route and panic followed.[1] A chartered plane ferried the precious...
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...Persuasive Paper How Teen Pregnancy Can Effect Teens 8/5/13 ENG/215 By Nick Matthew Sahlin Teenage pregnancy is technically defined as occurring when a woman under the age of 20 becomes pregnant. Numerous teenagers nowadays happen be teenage mothers. There have being several approaches to look at when this does affect all of young girls within ensuing sections i`m going to put in plain words the countless issues each and every teenage mother goes during the course of common lifetime along with their time ahead. I`m going to inform various possibilities in addition to discussing change in a young girl’s experience. The social efficient effect teenage birth will cause beginning sequence lack of knowledge along with deprivation, also perpetual shortage relatives with social livelihood arrangements required construct beneficial lifetime. Teenagers that are pregnant happen to be a big aspect concerned in conjunction with institute failure figures. Nowadays, teenage pregnancy has become a growing concern and therefore to look into the various causes of teenage pregnancy has become crucial in order to deal with the issue carefully. There are serious health risks must be taken by young mothers and their babies, hence made teenage pregnancy are widely dishearten. Teenage Pregnancy are more common in developed countries, particularly USA. Teenage pregnancy refers to pregnancy occurs in young girls, mostly in the range of age 13 to 17 years old. Pregnancy that...
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