...Darwin’s Influence on Discrimination Many regard Charles Darwin as the Father of Evolution, a scientific breakthrough that is considered one of the greatest accomplishments in science. Little does the general public consider the social effects that his contributions made on racism, as well as sexism, not only in his lifetime, but also for the generations following his research. His recognition in one area of study automatically made him a voice that echoed for centuries against women’s suffrage, pro-slavery, and influenced Hitler’s ideology. Apart from his genetic research and theories of evolution, Darwin was not afraid to compare the human race to that of other animals. This analogy caused a lot of the discrimination that he blatantly labeled as scientific fact. In the Descent of Man, “Darwin noted that the inheritance of special tastes and habits, general intelligence, courage, good and bad temper, and so on is evident in dogs and other domestic animals, and that the same pattern is seen in almost every human family” (Paul, 226). Darwin was not afraid to make non-scientific comparisons between the human race and other animals. Although many of Darwin’s findings are scientifically rational, and others simply deny his theories because of their religious faiths, it is difficult to ignore the consequences of his “Origins of Species” or “The Descent of Man” writings. Although Darwin wrote that all men shared a common descent, he used societal observations...
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...STEREOTYPES 1. Introduction People are living within societies in which having different cultural background. Cross-cultural literacy is difficult to undertake due to the stumbling block such as generalization that people make and stereotypes that people have. Stereotyping is the way to use the fixed images of people belonging to a group, which have a tendency to categorize people based on a group they belong to rather than processing the information individually. Generalization usually comes before stereotyping, in order to generalize certain group of people. For example, all Italian loves spaghetti, and Maria is Italian, hence in conclusion Maria loves spaghetti. In that case, people are stereotyping Maria, which in fact Maria might or might not love spaghetti as she comes from North Eastern part of Italy whose has Germanic Austrian background. In fact, stereotyping leads to arrange some conception map in a way of thinking in which aimed to facilitate the progress of information. Stereotyping can be considered normal when faced with a new situation. Stereotyping triggers the mindset that has been collectively programming to set up that each group has the same pattern, which in fact it may be different with the perception to certain things. In the worst case, stereotyping may lead to possibility of racism, exclusion and personal discrimination towards ethnic identity, culture, occupation, age, sex, education grounds and some more. However, this essay later will just...
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...frustrated by these overlaps. hooks states that she intends these essays to be “celebratory” (10), and indeed I found that the experience of reading them was often a joyful one. The degree to which she loves teaching and connects with her students is incredibly inspiring. Teaching to Transgress has earned a permanent place on my bookshelf; I anticipate that I will turn to it often as I begin to teach students and create my own pedagogical style. Intro: Teaching to Transgress bell hooks ushers the reader into her collection of essays with a description of the various pedagogies that informed her own education. First, she presents us with the exciting, enlivened learning environment which she experienced as a young girl in an all-black school. She attributes this excitement at least in part to the fact...
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...“SCIENCE FICTION OR SCIENCE FACT” ARE WHITES INHERENTLY MORE INTELLIGENT THAN BLACKS ? ( Delroy Constantine-Simms University of Essex (UK) & Marciea Monique McMillian University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (USA) ABSTRACT The publication of Hernstein & Murray’s (1994) “The Bell Curve” appears to be the latest expression of pseudo scientific theories with respect to race and intelligence. This paper gives an historical and ideological insight behind the development and application of intelligence tests by citing examples of their impact on legislation, social policy and intervention programmes in relation to Blacks. More importantly, a discussion of cultural bias in test design focuses on the response of Black psychologists who developed Black intelligence tests that portray whites as intellectually inferior in the same manner that Blacks are portrayed as intellectually inferior on tests devised by white psychologist. Furthermore, The hereditary perspective of intelligence is challenged by empirical evidence that centres on children with white ancestry to assess whether white genes influence intelligence while citing several sources that support the environmental explanation of the race gap in test scores. Consequently, this discussion questions the reliability and validity of intelligence tests that are used to reinforce the Black intellectual inferiority myth. The conclusive argument suggests in no uncertain terms that the Bell Curve is nothing more than the repackaging...
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...I have to feel like that in this marvelous, post racial society? After reading, I noticed that despite the year tacked on to the assigned readings, the content barely changed. From Dubois (1903) to Wingfield and Feagin (2012), we are still acknowledging the same woes that a society assigns particular groups of people. We are still attempting to come up with dire solutions in hopes that everyone will begin to “get along” with one another. But most of all, because of this…People of color are still waiting to exhale. In this essay, there will be two parts: Firstly, a general analysis of the assigned literature for this week. In this compartment of my paper, I will analyze extracted points from the readings thematically as it directly relates to certain points in the “Critical Race: An Introduction” excerpt. Here, I will also be giving a respectful critique of Dubois’ postulations in the “Souls of Black Folk.” Secondly I will critique Allport’s (1954) contact hypothesis that was discussed in Hewstone and Swart (2011). Introduction of Critical Race Theory (CRT) Before I analyze the literature, I think it would be wise to give a brief definition and explanation of Critical Race Theory in general. Delgado and Stefancic (2006) offered a pretty understandable definition and illustration of CRT, highlighting key people, elements, and objectives...
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...Executive Summary This assignment seeks to present, analyse, discuss and critically evaluate the prevalence and the degree of the relationship between transformational leadership and its effect on the employee’s positive self-esteem and organisational commitment. The presentation of the most important observations and insights in this report are based on the information gathered from a questionnaire. The questionnaire was administered and completed by the chosen work group of employees constituting a sample of ninety three individuals. As prior research and analysis in this field was limited to a generic employee group it was decided to further contribute to this field by investigating the differences in responses between male and female respondents. A literature review was conducted to assess and present the relationship between transformational leadership and the effect on employee’s self-esteem and organisational commitment. The impact of transformational leadership on the sample group has been assessed through statistical analyses of the extracted data (from the survey). The interaction between the following constructs were investigated: * Transformational leadership on positive self-esteem Results determined a poor correlation * Transformational leadership on organisational commitment Results found a marginal impact * Positive self-esteem on organisational commitment Results found a medium correlation * Transformational leadership on organisational...
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...just tryin' to make some money to feed my daughter, and all the brothas in the struggle. You know what I'm sayin? It's all good, baby baby." This introduction is from the song 1994 song "Juicy" by Christopher Wallace, or as the world knows him, The Notorious BIG. The late Christopher Wallace used music to express the circumstances that he encountered as a young black man in New York in the 1980s. Like Wallace, and many other black men and women, life was extremely difficult during this time. The war on drugs had just ended (allegedly) and racial injustice was a huge problem....
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... 3.2.1 Hofstede´s model of national culture 3.2.2 Porter´s diamond 3.2.3 Porter´s five forces of competition 3.2.4 The PESTEL framework 3.2.5 National Innovation Systems 3.2.6 Varieties of Capitalism Framework 2.2 Data Collection 3. The IT Industry 3.1. Description of the IT-Industry 4. Country Comparison 4.1 Macro- Level Indicators 4.1.1 Geographic Indicators 4.1.2 Demographic Indicators 4.1.3 Macro- Economic Indicators 4.2 Historical Developments relevant to the IT industry 4.3 Socio Cultural Conditions 4.3.1 Cultural Systems 4.3.2 Level of Education 4.3.3 Labor Market Regulations 4.3.4 Protectionism of Intellectual Property 4.3.5 Tax Regulations 4.4 Market/ Industry Conditions 4.4.1 Bargaining Power of Buyers and Subsidiaries 4.4.2 Bargaining Power of Suppliers 4.4.3 Threats of New Entrants 4.4.4 Competitive Rivalry 4.5 Other Contextual Conditions 4.5.1 Related and Supporting Industries 5. Major Findings of Comparison 5.1 Conclusion 5.2 Trends 5.3 Recommendation 1. Introduction In general, factbooks are conducted by decision makers within the fields of business and politics in order to gain insights about present-, as well as future conditions and trends in a specific country or country set. Therefore, factbooks can be considered as a sort of business tool, which supplies relevant information about a country´s business environment...
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...First Wave Feminist Movement Introduction Feminism is considered a political concept. It is an analysis of why and how women are oppressed. It is a vision of a society where women are liberated and sex role stereotypes are no more. It is also a conviction that oppression of women is a contradiction in society. Women feminists fought for their right to not be property, rights to their inheritance, rights to an education and to a religion that was not patriarchal. Even though feminism had been seen for quite some time, the actual term "feminist" was not first used until 1912. "The modern feminist movement began a as result of sweeping social, political and industrial changes in Europe and the United States" (Conger). Many suffragists did not refer to themselves as feminists. They advocated only for voting rights, not complete equality. Oppression as an Obstacle for Women Women advocated against a mindset, an entire system of socialization. "Women were socialized, both in their minds and in the minds of men, that their sole role in society was reproduction" (Fisher). "The average married female gave birth to seven children" (Conger). If a woman was engaging in public activities then "she was ignoring her biological weaknesses - a smaller brain and a more fragile physique - which she was supposed to protect in order to ensure her reproductive abilities" (Krolokke, 5). Women had little control over their life. Women were considered...
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...relationships with each client. Since the start of the organization in 1991, growth has been a definition of Riordan Manufacturing. Growth is a necessity to any organization, but with growth provides risks that should be assessed. The following discussion, will analyze potential areas of risk within Riordan Manufacturing. The potential risks that will be analyzed include contract, tangible and intellectual property risk, employee risk, along with tort and regulatory risk. Each of the identified potential risk areas could inhibit the ability for Riordan Manufacturing to continue growth and potentially include major decrease in business success. In addition to the potential risk areas, compliance is another factor that needs to be ensured. Sarbanes-Oxley has specific requirements that will require Riordan Manufacturing to meet for continued growth and success, but the assistance of principles from the Committee of Sponsoring Organization of the Treadway Commission will assist Riordan Manufacturing in meeting compliance. (Riordan Manufacturing, 2006) The first assessed risk area will include the intellectual and tangible property areas of Riordan Manufacturing. An area that has been identified as a potential issue with contract...
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...Administrators from 20 different data warehousing organizations whose age would be 28-36 years. This group was selected because the data warehouse details and the data which is present in it of all the clients across the globe is very confidential and it has to be handled with utmost care. Hence effective and experienced persons are chosen for this role of Database Administrators. In this qualitative research the time taken was a long period of 30 days since each DBA has to be interviewed with one on one questions, each DBA was asked about 10 open ended questions and was asked to express their opinion and thoughts in details. There are different culture people, different language speaking people, and different sex. There were 15 males, 5 females, among the 15 males there were 7 Asians, 3...
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...Thomas Jefferson sitting at his desk, passion pouring onto the paper with each stroke of his pen as he endlessly works throughout the day, candlelight by night, searching for the perfect words for what would become the nation’s most cherished symbol of liberty. “All men are created equal . . . they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights . . . Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness” – extremely powerful words coming from the same man who owned over 180 slaves; the same man who also wrote that Blacks “are inferior to the whites in the endowments of body and mind” (Jefferson 270); the same man who did almost nothing to abolish slavery during his 40 years in the political arena of Virginia and the new republic (Magnis 492). It is clear through Jefferson’s contradictions between his inspirational words declared in the Declaration of Independence and his actions, writings and political behaviors that in his mind “all men” did not include Black men. Surprisingly, Jefferson was not concerned with originality when he wrote the Declaration of Independence and even borrowed language from previous writings. George Mason drafted a form of a declaration of rights for Virginia, in which he declared “all men are born equally free and independent, and have certain inherent natural rights . . . among which are the enjoyment of life and liberty” (McCullough 121). Jefferson also added language from a pamphlet published in Gibson 2 1774 by Pennsylvania delegate James...
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...| Analysis of Rihanna’s Man Down | Dr. Brown: RTF 331-01 | | Terry Bright, Angelica Grant, Ginae Eddins, Marcus Miller | 5/3/2012 | | In the black community rape is not an issue that is address publicly. “What goes on in my house stays in my house” is how most black families deal with most of their issues. This issue is not only protected in black household but globally rape is not a subject that people address right away. Sexual abuse or rape is usually pushed under the rug, due to the negative connotation stereotype associated with being victimized, because of the controlling images such as the jezebel modernly known as “hoochie.” The jezebel is stemming image associated with the loose women stereotype. Referencing to the notion that if your dressed sleazy i.e. thong showing, booty shorts that she wants attention. This image makes it easy to camouflage the sexual assault to justify how it could be rape if this is what she wants. Any good piece of art has a history or background in which case may translate to the public as controversy. Music is a form of therapy for most to cope with their problems, and music video provides a visual aid for wide-ranging audiences’ and to give a visual message. Rihanna fifth studio album is entitle “Loud” she wanted to address some issue and make them loud and clear. Rihanna released her fifth single from the album entitled Man Down, lyrically this song is a modern version of I Shot the Sheriff by Bob Marley. In the music video...
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...bother our heads with the mysteries of sadomasochistic attraction” Angela Carter; Foreword to Perrault’s Short Stories. In much of today’s feminist writings, the Gothic era is frequently defined as a period in which the oppression of females was at its most intense. In response to fin de siècle anxieties of a social revolution in which gender stereotypes could be overhauled, gothic writers, it is claimed, sought to reassert cultural and gender norms – a reassertion which inevitably resulted in the oppression of women. In view of such contemporary analysis, it is thus all too tempting to offer a sweeping judgement of gothic literature as victimising, oppressive and misogynistic; Dracula’s “victims” are all “unambiguously women[1]”, Poe victimises through an “idealised and dehumanising image of women[2]”, while Carter is a “pseudo feminist” who merely “reinforces patriarchal views” with her “pornographic” writing[3]. Yet such views are largely artificial, and are primarily based on potted summaries of the above works, rather than a closer textual analysis. If one takes the definition of a victim as a being who is subject to the successful predatory actions of another, and who is resultantly devoid of power[4], then such primitive analysis in blindly labelling “all women as victims of the beastly male[5]” becomes flawed. Read in the context of Carter’s ironic foreword[6] to Perrault’s Short Stories, a deeper exploration reveals women as being willingly complicit in adopting...
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...Demographics My observation took place at Clinton Middle School in Anderson County, Tennessee. CMS serves 651 students Grades 6 through 8. 38% of the students are from families that are economically disadvantaged and 15% of the students have disabilities. 92 % of students are White, 6% are Black and 2% are Hispanic. The class I observed was a Comprehensive Development Class. At Clinton Middle School the Special Education staff provide a continuum of services to students with disabilities. Their premise is that the general education classroom is the first placement for all students. Services intensify based on evaluation measures, and an Individual Education Plan (IEP) is developed dependent on any students’ individual needs. The Comprehensive Development Classroom is one service delivery model that they provide. Students in the CDC classroom have been identified as needing a small, structured environment where core...
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