Paulo Sison - MKMGT 2D

Philosophy is the study of general and fundamental problems, such as those connected with reality, existence,knowledge, values, reason, mind, and language.

Importance of Philosophy
By studying philosophy, people can clarify what they believe, and they can be stimulated to think about ultimate questions. A person can study philosophers of the past to discover why they thought as they did and what value their thoughts may have in one's own life. There are people who simply enjoy reading the great philosophers, especially those who were also great writers.
Philosophy has had enormous influence on our everyday lives. The very language we speak uses classifications derived from philosophy. For example, the classifications of noun and verb involve the philosophic idea that there is a difference between things and actions. If we ask what the difference is, we are starting a philosophic inquiry.

The Branches of Philosophy

* Metaphysics * Epistemology * Ethics * Politics * Esthetics

Theoretical Philosophy is sometimes confused with Analytic philosophy, but the latter is a philosophical movement, embracing certain ideas and methods but dealing with all philosophical subject matters, while the former is a way of sorting philosophical questions into two different categories in the context of a curriculum.

Practical Philosophy is also the use of philosophy and philosophical techniques in everyday life. This can take a number of forms including reflective practice, personal philosophical thinking and philosophical counselling.

Cosmology is the academic discipline that seeks to understand the origin, evolution, structure, andultimate fate of the Universe at large, as well as the natural laws that keep it in order.

Metaphysics is a branch of philosophy concerned with explaining the fundamental nature of being and the world, although the term is not easily defined.

Epistemology is knowledge, understanding and meaning "study of" is the branch of philosophy concerned with the nature and scope of knowledge.

Theodicy is a response to the evidential problem of evil and attempts to justify the existence of anomnipotent and omnibenevolent God in light of the occurrence of evil in the world.

Aesthetics is a branch of philosophy dealing with the nature of beauty, art, and taste, with the creation and appreciation of beauty. It is more scientifically defined as the study of sensory or sensori-emotional values, sometimes called judgments of sentiment and taste.

Psychology is the study of the mind, occurring partly via the study of behavior.

Logic is the study of valid reasoning. Logic is used in most intellectual activities, but is studied primarily in the disciplines of philosophy, mathematics, semantics, and computer science.

Ethics, also known as moral philosophy, is a branch of philosophy that involves systematizing, defending, and recommending concepts of right and wrong behavior.

Logic as a science
It's considered a science because it deals with analysis and using words to describe something, as well as analyze it's purpose or rather of a thinking game. It is considered art because, in order to have clarity, you have to choose the right words and use them accordingly to make yourself understood.

Importance of Logic
Logic is a way of learning to think and communicate clearly and coherently. In daily living, clear and coherent communication is essential to efficiently accomplish anything which involves the participation of another. While one can come to basic understandings between parties without logic, the greater the lack of an understanding of logic by one party, the greater the likelihood of msicommunication and it's undesired results.

A person who can not think logically will have to be swayed emotionally or socially instead of intellectually (intellectual positions requiring an understanding of factual conditions, which are then weighed). Daily, they become, therefore, unwitting accomplices of superior orators, con artists, etc. rather than being able to assess and evaluate specific proposals on merit.

Therefore, their own interests (if they fleshed them out) are less likely to be proposed on their behalf, but the interests of those who emotionally/socially compelled them.

Functions of Language

1. Informative language function: essentially, the communication of information.

2. Expressive language function: reports feelings or attitudes of the writer (or speaker), or of the subject, or evokes feelings in the reader (or listener).

3. Directive language function: language used for the purpose of causing (or preventing) overt action.

Formal logic concerns itself primarily to the correctnes rather than than the truth of a logical process.
Material logic on the other hand is the truth of a material content.