...Winter Internship Report on the basic study of Corporate Governance and Comparative Analysis Of The Annual Reports of Vizag Steel and TATA Steel At Vizag Steel Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements by NALSAR University Submitted By Sushma Yanamadala ( Centre for Management Studies National Academy of Legal Studies and Research Shameerpet, Secunderabad. Certificate from Company Declaration I hereby declare that the project entitled “Corporate Governance and Comparative Analysis of the Annual Reports of Vizag Steel and TATA Steel” submitted to the NALSAR University of Law, Centre for Management Studies, Secunderabad has been prepared by Sushma Yanamadala in Corporate Governance Department at Vizag Steel, Vishakapatnam. This embodies the data collected and analyzed under Mr.S.SakthiMani, Company Secretary, at Vizag Steel and hereby approved. The data collected for the analysis and report was provided by Vizag Steel, and was asked to use this information only, which include the company profile, annual reports and articles that have been used for reference. Place: Vishakapatnam Date: Signature of the candidate --------------------------------- ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ...
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...CONCRETE ADMIXTURES F a a o D E O g n ee in .c rs m o Paper Presented By MAHENDERAN (Final B.Tech civil) Mahi_andaman@yahoo.com L.SIREESHA (Final B.Tech civil) sirichandan@yahoo.com ABSTRACT: Admixtures are ingredients other than water, aggregates, hydraulic cement, and fibers that are added to the concrete batch immediately before or during mixing, in nominal quantities. A proper use of admixtures offers certain beneficial effects to concrete, including improved quality, acceleration or retardation of setting time, enhanced frost and sulphate resistance, control of strength development, improved workability, and enhanced finishability. Admixtures vary widely in chemical composition, and many perform more than one function. Two basic types of admixtures are available: chemical and mineral. All admixtures to be used in concrete construction should meet specifications; tests should be made to evaluate how the admixture will affect the properties of the concrete to be made with the specified job materials, under the anticipated ambient conditions, and by the anticipated construction procedures. Materials used as admixtures included milk and lard by the Romans; eggs during the middle ages in Europe; polished glutinous rice paste, lacquer, tung oil, blackstrap F a a molasses, and extracts from elm soaked in water and boiled bananas by the Chinese; and in Mesoamerica and Peru, cactus juice and latex from rubber plants. The Mayans...
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...refractories materials, is formed, inducing expensive maintenance periods. The aim of this work is to find the reaction that takes place between the Slag and the bricks, in order to find the parameters that have to be changed to improve the bricks lifetime in the kiln. The use of bricks with higher alumina content is one of the solutions, but it is expensive. The influence of Alkalis and especially Na2O has been studied before in inert atmosphere. In this work it will be studied in air as well as the influence of the alumina content of the brick. Experiments were performed in air atmosphere, using powder samples that have been compressed into pellets. The devices used to characterize the reaction and the product of the reaction were: Kanthal furnace, X-ray diffraction (XRD), dilatometer, differential scanning calorimetry and thermogravimetry (DSC/TG) in-situ mass spectrometer, Scanning electron microscope (SEM) and Energy dispersive spectrometry (EDS). The XRD experiments permitted to show the presence of a glassy phase after a heat treatment of the samples containing alkalis at 1350°C. Dilatometer experiments gave more information about the influence of alkalis; it catalyzed the sintering reaction. The DSC/TG/spectrometer permitted to...
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...INTRODUCTION A. Background of the Study Charcoal is the dark grey residue consisting of impure carbon obtained by removing water and other volatile constituents from animal and vegetation substances. Charcoal is usually produced by slow pyrolysis, the heating of wood or other substances in the absence of oxygen. The resulting soft, brittle, lightweight, black, material resembles coal. It has been used since the earliest times for a range of purposes including art and medicine, but by far its most important use has been as a metallurgical fuel. Prior to the industrial revolution charcoal was occasionally used as a cooking fuel. Philippines is the Top 1 among the coconut producing countries. For coconut is abundant in our country, it is popular for its culinary purposes, commercial, industrial, and household uses, and medical applications. Coconut shells with husks are used to buff wooden floors, making it clean and shiny (free from dusts). Here in the Philippines, it is known as “bunot”. The husk and shells can be used for fuel and are a source of charcoal. Coconut shells/husks are usually left around and are considered wastes besides making them into husks. To get benefits from them, by a primitive process, they can be produced to charcoal which can be an alternative fuel especially for cooking. B. Statement of the Problem The study aims to produce charcoal using coconut (Cocos nucifera) fibers. Specifically, it seeks to find answers for the following questions: ...
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...Ancient China was a government ruled by dynasties and for many years China was eventually united under one of the regional kings; the first emperor was Qin Shi Huang, in 221 BC. China's long history has seen many extremely important ancient inventions and tremendous contributions to the world's economy and the culture of mankind. They were also important symbols of China's role as a great world civilization. Ancient China has many inventions and contributions, the 10 useful ones are identified as follows; Paper making is believed to be invented first in China. The proper paper making is one of the China's significant contributions to the development of human civilization. The paper was first made during the Western Han Dynasty (202 BC). Another invention was a movable typing printing. The world's first printings were invented in China in the Tang Dynasty (618－907 BC). Chinese began to print mainly with carved blocks. Gunpowder is a mixture of sulfur, charcoal and potassium nitrate. It was used in firearms and as a pyrotechnic in fireworks. It was a useful invention that contributed to the advancement of generating large amount of heat and gas. Chinese also invented the compass. A compass is a navigational instrument that shows directions in a frame of reference that is stationary relative to the surface of the earth. The first compasses were invented for harmonize environments and buildings in accordance with the geometric principles. The invention...
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...Concrete Repair, Rehabilitation and Retrofitting II – Alexander et al (eds) © 2009 Taylor & Francis Group, London, ISBN 978-0-415-46850-3 Performance of Reactive Powder Concrete (RPC) with different curing conditions and its retrofitting effects on concrete member T.P. Chang, B.T. Chen, J.J. Wang & C.S. Wu Department of Construction Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC ABSTRACT: The material performance of Reactive Powder Concrete (RPC) with two different curing conditions, water-curing of 25ºC and steam-curing of 85ºC and 95% relative humidity, were studied experimentally. The reinforcing effects of the RPC with two wrapping thicknesses of 10 and 15 mm, respectively, on the surface of cylindrical concrete specimen were evaluated. Major experimental results show both the engineering properties and indices of durability of RPC with steam-curing at four different ages have substantially increased except for the supersonic pulse velocity and dynamic moduli of elasticity and shear. The ratio of increase of compressive strength of cylindrical specimens retrofitted with 10 and 15 mm of wrapping RPC are in the range of 9.5 to 38.0%. 1 INTRODUCTION Reactive powder concrete (RPC), a cement-based composite material well known for the ultra-highstrength, high-durability and low-porosity, made its international debut in 1994 (Richard, 1994). The advance mechanical and physical properties of RPC are obtained by optimizing...
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... Department of Mechanical Engineering, PSG College of Technology, Coimbatore-641004. 1 spvendann@yahoo.com * IV Year BE Mechanical Engineering, Department of Mechanical Engineering, PSG College of Technology, Coimbatore-641004. 2 mailmepravin@gmail.com 3 prbkrn1991@gmail.com Abstract. This paper involves computational fluid dynamics analysis and simulation of a shock wave generating equipment. Shock waves are produced by suddenly exposing a high pressure region to a low pressure region. This involves in the design of an arrangement that acts as a valve which separates high pressure region and low pressure region such that the valve opens suddenly (i.e., in the order of milliseconds) and thus producing shock waves. The instantaneous rise in pressure and temperature of a medium can be used in a variety of industrial applications Key words: Shock waves, Shock tubes, CFD, Pneumatic Valve 1 Introduction The ability of shock waves to instantaneously increase the pressure and temperature in a medium of propagation enables their use for many novel industrial applications[1]. In some sense the presence of a shockwave propagating in an enclosed medium can be similar to a furnace where, in addition to temperature, even pressure can go up instantaneously and remain at elevated levels for a short time and then come back to ambient conditions. There is no other method by which one can achieve high pressure and temperature in a medium so quickly. Shockwaves are essentially non-linear...
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...Saudi Cement Company: “Survival is the name of the game in a very competitive industry” Dr. Salem M. AL-Ghamdi King Fahd University of petroleum and minerals Dhahran, Saudi Arabia Abstract This is a case study on a Saudi Arabian company known in the cement industry. Saudi Cement Company (SCC) is a Saudi joint company established in 1955. The company is listed in the Saudi stock market. The information was collected through a structured questionnaire and from secondary data. The case write-up fits a case study in a strategic management undergraduate and graduate course. Information was organized to provide insights on how the company evolves overtime with an emphasis on strategic issues such as vision and mission, internal analysis via company’s current operation, External analysis using Porter five force model and major strategic issues Keywords: Strategy and policy, Saudi cement industry, Porter five force model, vision and mission, SWOT analysis. COMPANY BACKGROUND Saudi Cement Company (SCC) is a Saudi Joint Company established in 1955. The principal object of the company is to produce cement and cement products and to invest in the cement fields. SCC operates two cement plants in the Hofuf Plant and Ain Dar Plant in the Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia, located about 36 km apart and are both at an approximately equal distance of around 120-130km from King Abdulaziz Port at Dammam. Below is a brief history of the Company: ...
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...MANAGEMENT CASE describes a real-life situation faced, a decision or action taken by an individual manager or by an organization at the strategic, functional or operational levels Reinventing a Giant Corporation: The Case of Tata Steel D V R Seshadri and Arabinda Tripathy A KEY WORDS Reinvention Change Management Turnaround Tata Steel Liberalization Response to Globalization t the meeting of the senior management of Tata Steel to celebrate the spectacular performance of the company, Mr. B Muthuraman, the Managing Director, recalled with satisfaction the remarkable strides that the company had made from the difficult days in the early nineties, when the company, used to a protected environment, was suddenly thrown open to global competition, consequent to the liberalization of the Indian economy. The company had closed the year with a record profit of Rs. 34.74 billion. A series of initiatives launched by the company over the last 15 years had culminated in these stellar results although there were many challenges at every step. At each stage in its journey, the company did what needed to be done. In retrospect, however, the various initiatives launched by the company over the years now appeared to fit into a coherent picture. The company had made steady progress over the years and had now achieved a pre-eminent status in the Indian steel industry. It had become one of the lowest cost steel producers in the world five years ago, a distinction that it had continued...
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...Finance II Professor. Nobuya Takezawa Individual Research Paper Tata’s Corus Valuation By: S Murali Manikandan Tata’s Corus Valuation Introduction: Tata Steel was established by an Indian, Jamshetji Nusserwanji Tata in 1907. Though he died in 1904, before the project came to light, he sowed the seeds for a company that can stand the test of times. A century later, they took over Corus to become the 5th largest steel producer in the world. On January 31st 2007, Tata Steel took over Corus for USD 12.11 Billion. It took 9 rounds of bidding against a Brazilian competitor, CSN to seal the deal. The deal between Tata and Corus was officially announced on April 2nd 2007 at a price of 608 pence per common share in cash. It was a 100% acquisition and a new entity was born, to be run by one of Tata’s subsidiary in London. When the acquisition process started off in 2005, the initial offer was 455 pence and finally ended with Tata paying 608 pence, which is 33.6% more than the initial offer. This raises many an eyebrows about the final price. What transpired between 2005 and 2007? Was 608 pence/share a fair price? Steel Industry Tata Steel has its own mines and manufacturing units for the production of all kinds of steel. Steel is an alloy consisting mostly of iron, with carbon content between 0.2% and 2.1% by weight depending on the grade. Iron, like most metals, is found in the Earth's crust only in the form of an ore, i.e. combined with other elements such...
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...sustained growth through foresight ANNUAL REPORT 2009-2010 Vision Global recognition for size, culture and quality, while nurturing nature and society. Mission Supporting the nation’s growth in power and steel with speed and innovation. Core Values l Crystal clear l Passion for excellence l Drive with leadership l Young thinking l Challenging status quo Contents Vice Chairman’s Statement.....................................02 Highlights 2009-10.....................................................04 Board of Directors........................................................05 Notice...............................................................................06 Directors’ Report..........................................................11 Management Discussion and Analysis......................22 Report on Corporate Governance...............................38 Auditors’ Report.................................................................48 Standalone Accounts.......................................................50 Consolidated Accounts...................................................79 Shri O. P. Jindal August 7, 1930 – March 31, 2005 O. P. Jindal Group – Founder and Visionary Only a life lived for others is a life lived worth while An industrialist par excellence under whose aegis the O P Jindal Group grew from strength to strength. But for the world at large Late Shri O P Jindal was much more than that. He was also a leader of masses, some one who...
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...UNDERSTAND CLOGGING IN IF GRADE AND SUGGEST COUNTERMEASURES TO MINIMIZE IT A Project Report Submitted in Fulfilment of the Requirements for Summer Training By ABHIJEET DASH (VT20132141) Metallurgical and Materials Engineering National Institute of Technology, Rourkela Under the Guidance of Mrs Shainu Suresh Sr. Manager, Steel Technology and Casting Flat Product Technology Group, Tata Steel Ltd. Jamshedpur i|Page DECLARATION I hereby declare that the project work entitled “Understand clogging in IF grade and suggest countermeasures to minimize it” is an authentic record of my own work carried out at Tata Steel Ltd., Jamshedpur as requirement of short term industrial/research experience for the award of degree of B.Tech Metallurgy, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, under the guidance of Mrs Shainu Suresh during 14th May to 9th July, 2013 Place: Jamshedpur Date: 8th July,2013 Abhijeet Dash VT20132141 Certified that the above statement made by the student is correct to the best of my knowledge and belief. Mrs Shainu Suresh Sr.Manager, Steel Technology and Casting Flat Product Technology Group, Tata Steel Ltd. Jamshedpur. ii | P a g e iii | P a g e ACKNOWLEDGEMENT I would like to thank the Management of Tata Steel Ltd. for giving me this wonderful opportunity to work with highly knowledgeable people on a project of great importance. I owe my deepest gratitude to my guide Mrs. Shainu Suresh, Sr.Manager, Steel Making...
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...ECONOMIES and DISECONOMIES OF SCALE Economies and diseconomies of scale explain what happens to a firm’s costs as it expands, in the LONG RUN. The long run is the time period in which it is possible for a firm to vary the amounts of all the factors of production employed: more land can be acquired, more buildings erected and more machinery installed. In the long tun, it is possible for a firm o change the scale of it’s activities. Strictly speaking, a change of scale takes place when the quantities of all the factors are changed by the same percentage so that the proportions in which they are combined are not changed, shown by the following table. It will be noticed that when the inputs are changed, leading to an increase in the size of the firm, (see column “Increase in Size of Firm”) by a certain proportion that the output increases by a different proportion (see column “Increase in total Output”). At first, output increases by a larger proportion than the increase in size of firm; this is called Increasing Returns to Scale. Then output increases by the same proportion as the size of the firm; this is called Constant Returns to Scale Eventually output increases by a scale proportion than the size of the firm; called Diminishing Returns to Scale The above has been explained in terms of changes in physical units. Not surprisingly, since firms have to pay for the inputs which they use to increase the scale of their production then their costs of production are...
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...A. Introduction Every day, the average person inhales about 20,000 liters of air. Every time we breathe, we risk inhaling dangerous chemicals that have found their way into the air. We as humans depend on the air around us to live, without it we would die. We rely on this as an essential source for living. Air pollution includes all contaminants found in the atmosphere. It is another major problem that is yet to be solved. These dangerous substances can be either in the form of gases or particles. The air is 99.9% nitrogen, oxygen, water vapor, and inert gases. Air pollution is a common term meaning the dirtying and gradual destruction of our natural resources, especially our air, water and land. This is referred to as environmental pollution. Once, years ago, the air was fresh and clear and the rivers were clean with fish swimming in the crystal clear waters and streams. This is no longer true today. Air pollution is the dirtying of the air. Where once we had blue skies and fresh air to breathe in, this is no longer the case. The air today is choked with toxic fumes from cars and factories. With more and more cars on the road, the carbon monoxide emitted from the car exhausts has polluted the Earth’s atmosphere. The clearing of land to make way for housing or farms has also lead to forests being destroyed and burnt. But did you know that air pollution also found both outdoors and indoors? It can, Pollutants can be trapped inside buildings, causing indoor pollution...
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...hybrid vehicle Abstract The topic of this research paper is the impact of hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs) on the environment and society. The methodologies used to carry out research on this topic include collecting information on HEVs, their components, pollution caused by the manufacturing of their batteries, their economics, and their safety. The conclusions of the report are that HEVs adversely impact the environment and society. iii Table of Contents Abstract ......................................................................................................................................... ii Table of Contents ........................................................................................................................... iii Table of Figures ............................................................................................................................. vi Introduction ................................................................................................................................... 1 1. Definition of the Problem ........................................................................................................... 6 1.1 Fossil Fuels ............................................................................................................................ 6 1.2 Air Pollution .......................................................................................................................... 7 1.2.1...
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