...Obedience is complying with an order from another person to carry out an action. Many studies have been conducted into looking at obedience in people and what factors in a certain situation lead people to obey. In 1963, Milgram carried out a study among 40 American males between the ages of 20 and 50 years old, with the study aim being wanting to find out under what conditions would different people obey to authority under. The participants were deceived into thinking they would be emitting electric shocks, to inflict pain onto an individual when they gave a wrong answer to a question; the question being a word matching query. The participant here played the role of a teacher and the learner in this case was in fact the confederate. The shock meter went up in pain voltages as the experiment went on and more wrong answers were issued. However, there was no real pain being inflicted, just the sound of the learner acting as if he was hurt. The experiment carried on until the participant refused to obey the orders being given to them, or until the highest shock voltage of 450 volts was reached. However, stern encouragement was given to the participant by the leader of the experiment to carry on going and issue out the shocks, even though it was putting the learner through a great deal of audible pain. The experimenter would tell the teacher ‘it’s absolutely essential that you continue’ or ‘you have no choice, you must go on’. It seemed that in fact these instructions from an authoritative...
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...orders to carry out immoral acts even when they know it is wrong? Under what circumstances are normal everyday people obedient to authority? Research Aim: To find out if people would obey an unjust order to inflict pain on someone else. Research Hypothesis: That people would not be willing to inflict pain on one another simply because they were told to do so. Variables: IV, DV, Extraneous: Independent Variable Dependent Variable Extraneous Variable Proximity of the learner Amount of shock administered Closeness of the authority Duration of the shock Prestige of the setting Speed of the response Presence of rebellious peers Research Method: Forty male participants were selected after replying to a newspaper ad for an obedience experiment. At the beginning of the experiment they met a man called Mr Wallis, a mild-mannered man in his fifties; who was then hooked up to a charge generator. He was in fact a confederate. The participant sat in another room and tested 'Mr Wallis' on word pairs, when he got one wrong, the participant was to give him an electric shock. These increased as more incorrect answers were given from 15 to 450 volts. Each time a shock was given a pre-recorded sound played indicating Mr Wallis in varying degrees of pain, until after 315 volts there was an eerie silence. Each time they tried to stop Milgram himself encouraged the participant to continue (this was the authority figure). Subject Selection and Allocation: Both the learner and...
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...Due: Wednesday January 23 2013 The New CEO Canadian National Institute for the Blind Every organization whether it involves services, goods or for this instance a charity needs to appoint a CEO that is qualified and has the credentials to run a company to its highest potential. The Canadian National Institute for the Blind (CNIB) hired John M. Rafferty, a sited individual although the company has a background of hiring non-sited individuals for the past 91 years. With this long period of time having only hired non-sited CEO’s to be the leader of the organization you can understand the complications that may come about from current employees and the community with this change. I do believe that hiring John was acceptable and that although it would likely be easier for CNIB to continue with the norm of hiring non-sited individuals, if John is the best possible candidate for the job then he should be hired. With hiring John there are a few things that CNIB will need to do so that it does not upset those involved with the organization. Firstly CNIB needs to ensure that John is comfortable and has the general self-efficacy and belief that he can perform successfully handle any challenging situation that could come his way at CNIB. CNIB also needs to be aware that when bringing John in as the new CEO, the current employees and the community involved in the organization are going to have a primacy effect on a new CEO. This primacy effect will happen when any new CEO enters...
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...one of optimism and the guarantee that one day the power of language will eventually unite us. By opening with an anecdote of the blind, but wise old woman Morrison introduces us to the life of the bird. The bird’s life can be thought of as living or dead---the same can be said for language. There are the writers who can ‘kill’ the language; it comes to the extent where they begin to drain it, weakening the power from it. In this case, it initially seems that the youth mock the blind woman and want to destroy things the elderly cherish (for example, language) because it’s the believed nature of the youth: “For her dead language is not only one no longer spoken or written, it is an unyielding language content to admire its own paralysis.” In other words, the language with the sole reason that what its saying merely sounds beautiful, it is satisfied and living in bliss. This language that admires itself has come to the point where it doesn’t welcome the flourishing of new ideas, but rather it is programmed only to accept and “sanction ignorance.” Unfortunately, it’s times like these that when presented at a given time, spoken and written words become less influential than one's actions. Furthermore, Morrison in the midst of her lecture indicates that there are various types of languages—whether they are oppressive or intend to enforce obedience. By...
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...In Raymond Carver’s short story “ Cathedral” readers are introduced to a character that experiences change. The story draws readers into the life of a man who is seen as close-minded and selfish. Readers are to believe the narrator is closed off to the world until a certain interaction with a blind man changes his perceptive. Carver’s story uses irony to demonstrate that people don’t need their sight to see life and with this the narrator’s transformation holds a great importance. The story is based on the narrator’s relationship with his wife and how the two will be hostessing a blind man at their home. The wife’s close relationship with the blind man, Robert creates hostility for the narrator. As readers one can interpret that the hostility is derived early in the story towards Robert when the narrator states, “I wasn’t enthusiastic about his visit, He was no one I knew. And his being blind bothered me”(1152) The narrator, before even meeting Robert, is already certain he does not care for Robert and he does not in any way feel remorse for him. The narrator is extremely judgmental and close-minded towards Robert’s presence. However, the narrator’s feelings and impression towards Robert drastically change throughout the story and with this the narrator experiences an epiphany. The narrator changes his close minded perceptive on life and allows his insights to open. Robert helps the narrator to undergo this transformation as the two are drawing Cathedrals together. This...
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...Carver chose first person as the point of view for this story. First person narrators are characters who tell the story from the perspective of “I” or “We”. This point of view gives the reader a chance to experience the story how the narrator sees and understands the world. In Cathedral, our narrator speaks in short, chopped sentences in the beginning. This shows the reader that he is lacking self-awareness, arrogant, and/or insecure. The narrator only sees Robert as a blind man, from the start. Throughout the story as the narrator gets to know Robert better, he becomes more descriptive with his sentences and his structure is not as choppy. This is important in showing his change of traits. This demonstrates to the readers that the narrator grows from ignorant to more open-minded and accepting, especially of Robert; who becomes a friend to the narrator. The narrator is never named in the story, and his wife is expecting a visit from an old friend of hers, named Robert (the only named character). Robert is a blind man and as soon as the narrator learns this, he is very ignorant and prejudice of this. A reader can see evidence of this when the narrator wonders how a woman could love a man who did...
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...results do coincide with how I view and handle situations. Whether they are situations at home work or in class. I try and please everyone knowing that it may or may not happen. But I feel that I have to at least attempt it. Which ties into my core value result that is balancing between others and myself. Most of time I am the one that people will vent to whether it’s family, friends or co-workers, because I will listen and not judge them on what they have to say. Which is also listed in my core value result, that I am ‘’tempered by rationality, using reason to find the rules of life.’’ The Blind Spot was one the results that I have mixed emotions about; there are parts I agree and parts I disagree. My expectations of people are pretty clear and cut, I expect that you do your job to the best of your ability. I am someone who will not ask you to do something that I myself would not do. The blind Spot stated that I ‘’forget that individuals are fallible regardless of their role.’’ I know individuals are fallible just not on a constant basis. After this exercise it has brought forth some things for me to think about, especially a statement that was listed in My Risks, ‘’This can make you susceptible to insincere flattery and immune to constructive critiques preventing you from doing your job effectively.’’ Maybe I need to sit back and evaluate the things that people are coming to me to vent about. Especially with my co-workers, maybe I need to stop and think, ‘’What are they really...
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...small town perception of something that is not the norm for him. In this story, Carver tells how a husband’s comfort zone, narrow-mindedness, and the ability to change how he communicates effectively will change throughout this story with a single, closely personal mind opening event. The clues in the story definitely show that the husband's character is very narrow- minded when it comes to something out of his comfort zone. He judges things without exploring or opening his mind he makes snap judgments. He has preconceived notions based on conjecture. He presumes how a blind person should act, dress, and feel off of movies. “A beard on a blind man”. (Carver 108) The use of no cane or glasses shows how uneducated or cultured the husband is. (Carver 109) That tells the reader he thinks that a blind person is incapable of caring for themselves. The husband's notion is a blind person is this...
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...Texas Hold’em In this scenario of the Texas Hold'em game, I have a six of diamonds and a seven of diamonds dealt as face-down cards. On the table, face up, the 3(three) of diamonds, the 4 (four) of clubs, 9( nine) of spades and the 10 (ten) of diamonds have been dealt. My opponent has revealed their two cards; they are the 10 of clubs and the 10 of spades. We both have bet $24,000 and my opponent has just raised by $10,000. In deciding whether I should call the bet or fold, I will need to look at the likelihood of getting a better hand than my opponent. There are 52 cards in a deck and seven have already been dealt. My opponent currently has three of a kind. The simplest way for me to beat that hand is to get a straight. In order to achieve this, the one of the final two community cards needs to be an eight. No eight has been dealt. The odds of an eight being dealt are 4 in 45 and 4 in 44, respectively over the next two community cards. Overall, the odds of this occurring is 1 in 11.125, an 8.99% chance. This will allow me to beat my opponent’s three of a kind. However, I have the potential for an even better hand. Currently, I have two diamond cards and there are two diamond cards within the community cards. One more diamond card and I would have a Flush, which is one hand better than a straight and two hands better than a three of a kind. There are a total of 13 diamond cards. Four have been dealt, leaving 9. The odds that they are dealt are 9 in 45 and 9 in 44. That is...
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...“I think that the greatest gift God ever gave man is not the gift of sight but the gift of vision. Sight is a function of the eyes, but vision is a function of the heart.” - Myles Munroe. In the Edward Bloor’s novel Tangerine, there is a blind boy name Paul, his brother Erik and their Parents all move to Tangerine county, and face lots of issues along with it. In the novel, the motif of sight is used to show that people see things, physical and literal, in different ways. Tn the novel, Paul can see less physically than others. “Paul, can you see Erik?” I said, “No. I can’t see him… I can’t see him! I can’t see him!” (p. 167-168). This quote shows that Paul can’t see physically, when his family can. This topic about Paul not being able to see...
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...first greets his wife’s friend is out of obligation and is strained considerably. He sees the blind man named Robert as a relic of his wife’s past who can be treated with contempt. It is not until the near end of the short story does he actually attempt to understand this visitor through conversation. At the mention of a cathedral the two unknowingly rely on each other to show the true meaning of the grand church. The husband is forced to illustrate the depth of such a place to one who has never seen the grandeur of the cathedrals. The blind visitor in exchange transforms the man with understanding and enlightenment of himself and others. The interaction...
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...Jealous, unsatisfied, and internally blind are characteristic of the unnamed, narrator in the story “Cathedral”. With dispassionate emotionless word exaggeration giving knowledge to the audience that the narrator is blind to being open minded and dissatisfied with life. As well as, strict facts, complaining statements, and dynamic phrases showing the reader the social disconnectedness, lacking words, which is perceived to be isolation. As Carver begins the tale, he introduces the “blind man” which some may say the narrator was speaking as though the blind man was himself, although Robert was physically blind he helps a seeing man, the narrator, overcome his interior blindness. The narrator's judgmental and misconception of the people and...
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...In Raymond Carvers “ The Cathedral”, a young American couple expect a guest who is blind to pay them a visit. The blind man named Robert happens to be a real dear friend of the wife. Robert is coming through from Connecticut where he was paying a visit to his deceased wife’s family. Bub isn’t really excited about the fact that a blind man is coming over to his house to stay. Bub later gets the time to know him after the wife pretty much asked him to be a good house host, Robert in the end impresses Bub when he drawls a cathedral for him. The central idea of the story is that a individual should never be judged without getting the chance of getting to know them As the story begins the Bub says “ I wasn’t enthusiastic about his visit . He was no one I knew. And his being blinded bothered me”. ( ) This quote reviles to the reader the feelings the Bub had towards this visit of Robert. Carvers does a good job of being able to connect the reader with Bub’s emotions after he is asked by his wife to be a good respectful house guess to Robert. Robert begins to patiently persist to get to know Bub with different conversations as the wife slowly drifts away from them . As the two begin to have more of a In the end Robert asks bub to close his eyes and they will together draw a cathedral from scratch . As a result, bub confronts his own insecurities and misconception about his inability to communicate with...
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...The Blind Leading the Blind It is a biological fact that the eyes are merely receptors for visual stimuli; the brain is where the real work is done. There are some fun experiments that prove this fact. The “vase or face” image and the “Hermann grid illusion” are two examples (Eye tricks). Did you see the vase or face first? Those dots seemingly flashing across a grid of black squares make my head spin. These simple experiments suggest that what we see is more, or less, than meets the eye. Interpretation of visual stimuli happens automatically for most. Just point your eyes in the direction of what you want to see and the image instantaneously appears. The inner, invisible, intangible characteristics require more than receptors and neurons to visualize. Thought and personal investment are required in the visualization of the intangible. In “Cathedral”, Raymond Carver suggests blindness is often an affliction of the heart and soul and not the eyes. Raymond Carver’s “Cathedral” is a short story about a husband’s journey to enlightenment. A longtime friend of the wife comes to visit after the death of his wife. The wife meets the blind man, Robert, ten years prior while looking for a summer job. She becomes his assistant. The wife reads briefs, reports, and helps organize the blind man’s office. Over the years the wife and blind man keep in touch; corresponding by sending audio tapes through the mail (Carver). The visit from the blind...
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...visit his late-wife’s family and stay with the Carvers. There was one catch, however. Robert was completely blind and this made Raymond carver extremely uneasy, saying that “a wink and a nod are the same to a blind man.” Raymond’s taking on the situation; catering to a blind man; was very socially ignorant. Admittedly so, he said “My idea of blindness came from the movies. In the movies, the blind moved slowly and never laughed. Sometimes they were led by seeing-eye dogs. A blind man in my house was not something I looked forward to.” (Carver, lines :_). Raymond also offered to take the “blind man” bowling, which is truly a sad, if not just cynical image to bear. Raymond’s wife was extremely nervous to be accommodating to the Robert as well, but it was an excitable nervousness. She longed to be reunited with him, to share stories and catch up, but this was also a man her husband had never met; she could sense the tinge of jealousy and irritation in the air around her husband. She was completely annoyed with her husband’s refusal to accept Robert as a man, blind or not. After all, he is supposed to be a guest, not a burden. When Robert arrived, Raymond’s interaction was withheld. Instead he let his wife and Robert take plenty of time to get reacquainted. Raymond only interjected in the conversation to seem to his wife he didn’t feel left out, and to the “blind man” he...
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