Title: Blood lactate

Introduction:
Measuring blood lactate concentration provides information not only about changes in glycolysis (1) but also about anaerobic work capacity (2).
The point where heart rate or running pace at which lactic acid begins to accumulate is called the Lactate Threshold. This measurement is also sometimes called the anaerobic threshold or onset of blood lactic acid.
The lactate threshold measurement is very valuable as it is one of the more sensitive indicators of fitness level. For example, if training is ineffective the lactate threshold will be reached at a relatively low running speed; with more effective training the threshold will be achieved at a higher speed. Elite athletes reach the lactate threshold at a much higher running speed than sub-elites. The threshold is, once again, a function of effective training and also genetics. Many scientific studies indicate that the lactate threshold is one of the best predictors of distance running performance.
Objectives:
To investigate the changes in blood lactate during incremental endurance activity of sport science male student aged 24 years old.
To investigate the changes in blood lactate during pre and post endurance exercise of sport science male student aged 24 years old.
Purpose:
The purpose of this study was to measure the changes in blood lactate during pre and post and during incremental of endurance exercise on sport science male student aged 25 years old.

Methodology:

Equipment/Apparatus:

Procedures:
1. Roll the fingertip gently to warm the area and increase blood flow.
2. Disinfect the area by using an alcohol swab.
3. Hold the finger firmly to prevent sudden movement, position the lancet, the phlebotomist will then make a small puncture on the fingertip, and then allow the blood to bead. Punctures in the fingertip should be into the pulp and across, rather than parallel to the fingerprint.
4. Wipe away the first drop of blood using a cotton pad, as it may contaminate with other body fluids.
5. Collect the next blood that flow into a small micro collection tube and seal the micro collection tube for lab testing. This is referring as the pre reading of blood lactate before endurance exercise.
6. Place cotton pad over the fingertip to stop the bleeding and start the endurance exercise by running on treadmill.
7. During the endurance exercise, every 3 minutes the participant stops running in order to be puncture again at different finger. Then, the participant continues his running.
8. After finished the 4 level of incline, the participant will be puncture again at different finger for post reading of blood lactate.
9. The participant been punctured again on different finger at 1, 6, 9, and 15 minutes after the post reading of blood lactate.

Result: pre | post | 0 | inc1 | inc2 | inc3 | Min 1 | Min 6 | Min 9 | Min 15 | 2.9 | 4.5 | 6.7 | 10.9 | 8.7 | 11 | 7.7 | 8.4 |

Discussion:
Blood sampling for lactate measurement is accompanied by problems such as loss of blood, emotional stress, discomfort, and risk of infectious disease. Skin surface lactate measurement has a number of advantages compared to that of blood lactate and to the sampling materials of another non-invasive method. Although saliva and sweat collection can be performed non-invasively, the sampling of skin surface lactate is easier to collect than saliva and sweat. Moreover, there are many reports that lactate in sweat during continuous graded exercise was not associated with changes in blood lactate concentration (4, 5).