...Comparing LC50 of Insectisides Pirimicarb and Rotenone on Blowfly, Blowfly larvae, Woodlice and Daphni Abstract The LC50 of insecticides rotenone and pirimicarb were compared by testing blowfly, blowfly larva, woodlice and daphnia. Rotenone is a NADH dehydrogenase inhibitor causing death by oxidative stress however pirimicarb causes toxicity through acetylcholinesterase inhibition. It was found that rotenone had large toxic effects on daphnia, blowflies and woodlice but not maggots and pirimicarb had low toxic effects on all of the organisms tested. Due to the low percentage death caused by pirimicarb a LC50, however in rotenone a LC50 was performed for daphnia, woodlice and blowfly the LC50 for each organism was compared concluding that rotenone was most toxic to daphnia. Introduction Rotenone is a naturally occurring insecticide derived from the root of Derris Ellipitica and Lonchcarpus species (Nass &Przedborski 2008). It is metabolised in the liver by NADP-linked hepatic microsomal enzymes and is both a contact and systemic insecticide. Rotenone can be used as either a specific or a non-specific broad-spectrum insecticide that has been used since 1848 (Gupra 2012) (Nass & Przedborski 2008). Pirimicarb or Dimethyamino-5,6-dimethylpyrimidin-4-y; N,N-dimethylcarbamate is a synthetic systemic selective insecticide with contact stomach and respiratory action. Pirimicarb was first made by Imperial Chemical Industries and was originally registered in 1974 but...
Words: 2800 - Pages: 12
...Entomotoxicology The process of decomposition begins immediately after death and the process can be divided into five stages: fresh, bloated, decay, post-decay and skeletal. Therefore, the availability of tissues and blood samples for toxicological analysis is dependent on the state of decomposition. There are cases where blood and tissue samples are not available or suitable for analysis, the fly larvae found on the cadaver can be used as an alternative toxicological specimen. Successful detection of substances has been accomplished by several extraction methods from maggots, pupae and adults of Diptera and even from the feces of beetles (Miller et al. 1994). Bourel et al. (2001) conducted a study which showed that morphine was detected on third larval instar maggots of Calliphora vicina Linnaeus (Diptera: Calliphoridae) fed with an artificial diet mixed with the drug. This shows that morphine was stored inside the cuticle of the maggots during their development. However, the detection of diethylpropion (Inebex) showed negative result in larvae of Chrysomya megacephala and Chrysomya putoria suggesting the rapid excretion of drugs (Alves et al.2008). Insect succession Insect succession is the wave or pattern of insects’ colonization on dead remains and is also affected by the surrounding environment. Invasion of a body by insects and other arthropods occurs soon after death (Anderson and Goff, 2000). They are capable to arrive and colonized within minutes of the death (Wells...
Words: 2156 - Pages: 9
...Fly lab report p. 1 SAMPLE LAB REPORT Perception of Different Sugars by Blowflies by Alexander Hamilton Biology 101 October 24, 2009 Lab Partners: Sharon Flynn, Andi Alexander Fly lab report p. 2 ABSTRACT To feed on materials that are healthy for them, flies (order Diptera) use taste receptors on their tarsi to find sugars to ingest. We examined the ability of blowflies to taste monosaccharide and disaccharide sugars as well as saccharin. To do this, we attached flies to the ends of sticks and lowered their feet into solutions with different concentrations of these sugars. We counted a positive response when they lowered their proboscis to feed. The flies responded to sucrose at a lower concentration than they did of glucose, and they didn’t respond to saccharin at all. Our results show that they taste larger sugar molecules more readily than they do smaller ones. They didn’t feed on saccharin because the saccharin we use is actually the sodium salt of saccharin, and they reject salt solutions. Overall, our results show that flies are able to taste and choose foods that are good for them. INTRODUCTION All animals rely on senses of taste and smell to find acceptable food for survival. Chemoreceptors are found in the taste buds on the tongue in humans (Campbell, 2008), for example, for tasting food. Studies of sensory physiology have often used insects as experimental subjects because insects can...
Words: 1307 - Pages: 6
...fifteen minutes, species of flies are able to find the decomposing corpse and will begin to lay eggs. Blowflies are typically the first insects to be found. Each female lays 200-300 eggs in orifices and open wounds. A day or two later, the eggs hatch, beginning the first of three stages of maggothood, known as instars. During each instar, the maggot sheds its’ skin in order to allow room for growth. Approximately one to two weeks and two instars later, the blowfly undergoes metamorphosis and is then an adult fly. Beetles arrive further into decomposition, normally during a massive amount of maggot activity. Because forensic entomologists are familiar with all stages of an insect’s life, they are able to estimate a post-mortem interval based on the age and amount of insects present. An interesting species is the roach, as they will attempt to feed off of the human remains. They leave bite marks that are often confused with chemical burns or other wounds, and they also will eat human hair. Another insect commonly found is the cheese skipper, a type of fly. After the outer skin is shed and has time to harden during its third instar, the cheese skipper’s hardened casing is frequently dismissed as rat droppings due to its shape and size, though it is actually extremely important evidence as it could also be used to estimate a post-mortem interval. A type of hairy maggot blowfly, known as the chrysomya rufifacies, is both predatory and cannibalistic in the larvae stage. Found...
Words: 700 - Pages: 3
...Case-Study - INBV The Reluctant Entrepreneur By Max Chafkin | Jul 1, 2007 The Start-up: Nanda Home The Founder: Gauri Nanda Rochester Hills, Michigan The business proposition: Part iRobot (NASDAQ:IRBT) and part Kate Spade, Nanda Home creates cute, clever products that are intended, in the words of its founder, to "humanize technology." The company already has one hit: Consumers have snapped up more than 9,000 units of a $50 plastic alarm clock. Set the alarm for 6 a.m. When the time comes, the clock wheels itself off your bedside table and rolls around the room, emitting R2D2-like squeaks. Dubbed Clocky, the little robot is manufactured in China and sold online and in design boutiques. The company also has a line of handbags designed to accommodate laptops. The founder: Gauri Nanda designed Clocky as a graduate student in MIT's Media Lab. The daughter of entrepreneurs--her parents recently sold their small weekly newspaper in Detroit--she aspired to become a designer at a large technology company. "I was opposed to the idea of starting a company," says Nanda. "I saw the hours my parents worked." After presenting Clocky to her class in the fall of 2004, she threw it in the back of her closet. She'd almost forgotten about it until the next spring, when several tech bloggers stumbled upon a photo of her invention online. Suddenly, Nanda was getting contacted by reporters and TV producers. Good Morning America called. She scrambled to fix the buggy prototype...
Words: 978 - Pages: 4
...Introduction 14 year old Steven Truscott gave his classmate Lynne Harper a ride on his bicycle on June 9, 1959. Truscott had dropped her off before they parted ways. Lynne was reported missing later that night, and two days later, her body was found on a nearby farm. She was sexually assaulted and strangled to death. The community was horrified by what happened to this young girl and everyone was determined to find the killer. Immediately, investigators became fixated on Truscott as the prime suspect since he was the last person to see Lynne. They didn’t consider any other suspects, even though there was no physical evidence linking him to the murder. He was arrested 24 hours later, and stood trial as an adult. (Steven Truscott | Murderpedia). The entire case was based on circumstantial evidence, and Truscott was found guilty and became the youngest person in Canada to be sentenced to death at the age of 14. The Crown’s theory was that Truscott committed the murder sometime between 7:15 and 7:45PM. The theory was supported by conflicting testimonies from child witnesses, testimony from the pathologist, Dr. John Penistan, and evidence on Truscott’s body (Harland-Logan). Four months after his conviction, Truscott’s sentence got commuted to life in prison. After spending 10 years in prison, Truscott was paroled in 1969, where he began a new life under a new name and started a family. This never changed the fact that Truscott had lost many of the good years of his life. Throughout...
Words: 3264 - Pages: 14
...Clocky – The Runaway Alarm Clock | Case Analysis Group 3 | | Problem Statement Even though Clocky was the center of the media hype, Gauri Nanda is faced with many pressing challenges and issues for its commercial debut in the marketplace: Analysis: 1. Industry Analysis The US alarm clock market in 2005 was quite fragmented with a significant number of players in the regular alarm clock as well as the niche alarm clocks segment. The Americans spent over $7 billion on clocks and watches. On an overall basis, the consumer spending on clocks, lamps and furnishing as a category showed a increasing growth trend. The imported watches segment was also growing at a CAGR of 4% since 2002. The alarm clock industry can be further analysed using the Porter’s model and generic strategies as shown below. Figure 1: Porter’s Five Forces Analysis Economies of Scale: In order to analyze the Economies of Scale in manufacturing of Clocky Alarm clock, we have divided the manufacturing unit of Clocky alarm into different segments. The major manufacturing units comprises of 1. Integrated Circuit Manufacturing Unit: The Integrated circuit industry shows a high economy of scale. Since this is one of the most important and costlier part in the alarm clock, the decision in finding out the overall economy of scale is highly influence by this manufacturing unit. 2. Outer plastic body manufacturing Unit: The plastic molding and manufacturing industry also shows significant economy...
Words: 5068 - Pages: 21
...Howard Shepheard American Intercontinental University Unit 5 Individual Project HUMA215-1103B-01 September 24, 2010 Abstract This paper will explore the role that a cultural artifact played the part in the culture we live today. This paper will present a detailed description of this artifact. This paper will analyze how this artifact relates to the values, beliefs of the culture. We will discuss the deep cultural root of this artifact. What historical roots allowed this artifact to come into being? This paper will discuss the cultural periods that might have influenced its development. This paper will discuss how this artifact will be passed to future generations. This paper will discuss what evolutions might this artifact undergo. | | Introduction It’s 1980 and in the park in New City there is a crowd gathered. They are a mix of music that is both somewhat offensive and exciting. The music embodies the rhythm of the African Diasporas as well as added beats of artist of a bygone era. The people are both drown to this strangely intoxication music as well as the troop of dancers that are a kind of visual representation of the music that exist alongside the dancers. You see the dancers but you just barely saw this square box sitting on the small bench. You can just make out the lights flashing in the midday sun. It has two oversized speakers that seem to reproduce a sound that is far greater than its size. What is this strange new device...
Words: 1710 - Pages: 7
...Biology Topic A: Science and fiction 9Aa Genetic information The features of an organism are called its characteristics. Our characteristics are controlled by genetic information. This information Organisms can be classified in to different species. A species contains individuals with the same physical characteristics and common ancestors. It’s a group of organisms that can reproduce with each other and produce an offspring that will also be able to reproduce. Organisms of the same species are similar but not identical. The differences that occur both between different species and within the same species are called variation. An animal that is the offspring of parents from two different species is called a hybrid, and it is unable to reproduce. When genetic information are passed on to an organism from its parents the information are said to be inherited. Most cells have a nucleus, which is a part of the cell that controls it. The nucleus contains chromosomes which are huge molecules of DNA found inside the nucleus of the cells. A chromosome consists of a string of genes. A gene carries an instruction. It’s the section of a chromosome that controls inherited characteristics of an organism and carries genetic information. Each gene is a length of DNA. DNA is a long coiled molecule which can unzip and copy itself when a cell divides. It also carries the genetic code and makes up the chromosomes. Sex cells-egg: In female the sex cells are called eggs. Eggs...
Words: 3796 - Pages: 16
...INTRODUCTION The title of this work is “Australian English” The work which is presented deals with the study of the Australian English Language, about its pronunciation, regional variations, vocabulary. The Australian English is a language with its own peculiarities and it differs a lot from Standard English and the other variants because it has its own history and development. There appeared a large number of new words in each variety of the English language because of historical, political, different socio- economic events and of course it has affected to the Australian English. I wanted to learn more about the appearance, development and using nowadays of the Australian English language. The aims of this work are: -To study the difficulties of using and understanding the words in AusE -To define cultural peculiarities of AusE speakers The topicality of this work is explained by the interest to the difference of Australian English between the other English variants and to the practical usage of the vocabulary. The theoretical value of this work is determined by necessity of the comprehensive analysis of Australian English because every language allows different kinds of variations: geographical or territorial, stylistic and others. It is very important to use up- to –date information of the western scientists who are concerned nearly to the English linguistics. The practical value is seen in rising interest to the English...
Words: 9331 - Pages: 38
...Heat Wave - Richard Castle file:///C:/Users/zainab/Downloads/Richard.Castle_Nikki.Heat.01_Hea... 1 of 110 05-05-2013 19:50 Heat Wave - Richard Castle file:///C:/Users/zainab/Downloads/Richard.Castle_Nikki.Heat.01_Hea... Heat Wave Richard Castle 2 of 110 05-05-2013 19:50 Heat Wave - Richard Castle file:///C:/Users/zainab/Downloads/Richard.Castle_Nikki.Heat.01_Hea... To the extraordinary KB and all my friends at the 12th 3 of 110 05-05-2013 19:50 Heat Wave - Richard Castle file:///C:/Users/zainab/Downloads/Richard.Castle_Nikki.Heat.01_Hea... Contents One It was always the same for her when she arrived… Two Nikki Heat’s footsteps echoed back at her off the concrete… Three Heat and Rook trailed two steps behind Noah Paxton as… Four Nikki didn’t go home following the movie after all. She… Five There is very little chance of a high-speed pursuit on… Six Nikki stepped into the rooftop bar of the Soho House… Seven Even as she stood frozen in her hallway, Nikki’s first… Eight When Detective Heat nosed the Crown Vic out of underground… Nine Nikki Heat’s apartment building was not the Guilford. It was… Ten Nikki led him wordlessly into her bedroom and set the… Eleven Thirty minutes later, Detective Heat stepped off the Guilford’s elevator… Twelve The three detectives and Rook maintained a tense silence as… Thirteen In the precinct interrogation room, the biker, Brian Daniels, seemed… Fourteen Raley came back into the bullpen dangling...
Words: 70446 - Pages: 282
... DRACULA DRACULA A Mystery Story Bram Stoker REIDER BOOKS Los Angeles Copyright © 1897 by Bram Stoker Electronic edition copyright © 2012 by Andrea Reider/Reider Books How these papers have been placed in sequence will be made manifest in the reading of them. All needless matters have been eliminated, so that a history almost at variance with the possibilities of latter-day belief may stand forth as simple fact. There is throughout no statement of past things wherein memory may err, for all the records chosen are exactly contemporary, given from the standpoints and within the range of knowledge of those who made them. Table of Contents 1 Jonathan Harker’s Journal .................................................... 1 2 Jonathan Harker’s Journal .................................................. 17 3 Jonathan Harker’s Journal .................................................. 33 4 Jonathan Harker’s Journal .................................................. 49 5 Letter From Miss Mina Murray To Miss Lucy Westenra ... 65 6 Mina Murray’s Journal ............................................
Words: 162163 - Pages: 649
...HARRY POTTER AND THE PRISONER OF AZKABAN BY J.K. ROWLING CHAPTER ONE OWL POST Harry Potter was a highly unusual boy in many ways. For one thing, he hated the summer holidays more than any other time of year. For another, he really wanted to do his homework but was forced to do it in secret, in the dead of night. And he also happened to be a wizard. It was nearly midnight, and he was lying on his stomach in bed, the blankets drawn right over his head like a tent, a flashlight in one hand and a large leather-bound book (A History of Magic by Bathilda Bagshot) propped open against the pillow. Harry moved the tip of his eagle-feather quill down the page, frowning as he looked for something that would help him write his essay, ‘Witch Burning in the Fourteenth Century Was Completely Pointless — discuss.’ The quill paused at the top of a likely looking paragraph. Harry pushed his round glasses up the bridge of his nose, moved his flashlight closer to the book, and read: Non-magic people (more commonly known as Muggles) were particularly afraid of magic in medieval times, but not very good at recognizing it. On the rare occasion that they did catch a real witch or wizard, burning had no effect whatsoever. The witch or wizard would perform a basic Flame-Freezing Charm and then pretend to shriek with pain while enjoying a gentle, tickling sensation. Indeed, Wendelin the Weird enjoyed being burned so much that she allowed herself to be caught no less than forty-seven times in various...
Words: 107325 - Pages: 430
...Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban By J.K. Rowling CHAPTER ONE Owl Post Harry Potter was a highly unusual boy in many ways. For one thing, he hated the summer holidays more than any other time of year. For another, he really wanted to do his homework but was forced to do it in secret, in the dead of night. And he also happened to be a wizard. It was nearly midnight, and he was lying on his stomach in bed, the blankets drawn right over his head like a tent, a flashlight in one hand and a large leather-bound book (A History of Magic by Bathilda Bagshot) propped open against the pillow. Harry moved the tip of his eagle-feather quill down the page, frowning as he looked for something that would help him write his essay, ‘Witch Burning in the Fourteenth Century Was Completely Pointless — discuss.’ The quill paused at the top of a likely looking paragraph. Harry pushed his round glasses up the bridge of his nose, moved his flashlight closer to the book, and read: Non-magic people (more commonly known as Muggles) were particularly afraid of magic in medieval times, but not very good at recognizing it. On the rare occasion that they did catch a real witch or wizard, burning had no effect whatsoever. The witch or wizard would perform a basic Flame-Freezing Charm and then pretend to shriek with pain while enjoying a gentle, tickling sensation. Indeed, Wendelin the Weird enjoyed being burned so much that she allowed herself to be caught no less than forty-seven times in various...
Words: 108651 - Pages: 435
...Praise for The Spirit Catches You and You Fall Down “Fadiman describes with extraordinary skill the colliding worlds of Western medicine and Hmong culture.” —The New Yorker “This fine book recounts a poignant tragedy…It has no heroes or villains, but it has an abundance of innocent suffering, and it most certainly does have a moral…[A] sad, excellent book.” —Melvin Konner, The New York Times Book Review “An intriguing, spirit-lifting, extraordinary exploration of two cultures in uneasy coexistence…A wonderful aspect of Fadiman’s book is her even-handed, detailed presentation of these disparate cultures and divergent views—not with cool, dispassionate fairness but rather with a warm, involved interest that sees and embraces both sides of each issue…Superb, informal cultural anthropology—eye-opening, readable, utterly engaging.” —Carole Horn, The Washington Post Book World “This is a book that should be deeply disturbing to anyone who has given so much as a moment’s thought to the state of American medicine. But it is much more…People are presented as [Fadiman] saw them, in their humility and their frailty—and their nobility.” —Sherwin B. Nuland, The New Republic 3/462 “Anne Fadiman’s phenomenal first book, The Spirit Catches You and You Fall Down, brings to life the enduring power of parental love in an impoverished refugee family struggling to protect their seriously ill infant daughter and ancient spiritual traditions from the tyranny of welfare bureaucrats and intolerant...
Words: 134140 - Pages: 537
