...Diagnosis, Treatments and Causes of Leukemia Leukemia is cancer of the blood-forming tissues and it strikes all ages and both sexes. Leukemia is a term given to a group of malignant diseases of the bone marrow and lymphatic system. In a person with leukemia, the bone marrow makes abnormal white blood cells (Wong, 2007). The abnormal cells are leukemia cells, unlike normal blood cells; leukemia cells don't die when they should. They may crowd out normal white blood cells, red blood cells, and platelets. This makes it hard for normal blood cells to do their work (Wong, 2007). This can lead to serious problems such as anemia, bleeding, and infections. Leukemia cells can also spread to the lymph nodes or other organs and cause swelling or pain. This paper examines how leukemia is diagnosed, the main types of treatment of leukemia and possible causes of leukemia (Bhojwani, 2009). Diagnosis of Leukemia Leukemia may be acute or chronic. Acute leukemia gets worse very fast and will make a person feel sick right away. Chronic leukemia gets worse slowly and may not cause symptoms for years. Doctors typically find leukemia after a routine blood test, when a patient has symptoms that suggest leukemia. Symptoms may depend on what type of leukemia a person has, but common symptoms are fever and night sweats, headaches, bruising or bleeding easily, bone or joint pain, a swollen or painful belly from an enlarged spleen, swollen lymph nodes, feeling very tired or weak, losing weight and not...
Words: 1646 - Pages: 7
...on blood circulation for survival, hematologic problems involving impaired production, impaired function, or abnormal destruction of blood cells are likely to have wide-reaching effects on the patient's health and wellness (Ignatavicius & Workman, 2010, p. 876). This is especially clear when examining cancers of the hematologic system, including multiple myeloma. A cancer of certain white blood cells in the bone marrow known as plasma cells, “myeloma” refers to a tumor of the bone marrow, and “multiple” refers to more than one area of the bone marrow being affected (Mangan, 2006, p. 64hn1). Because the disease is incurable, and because only 30 percent of patients survive longer than five years after diagnosis, living with multiple myeloma can be difficult for patients and their families (Mangan, 2006, p. 64hn1). As health care providers on the front lines of patient care, nurses must be aware of the multi-system manifestations of multiple myeloma, be able to make the assessments needed to identify and prevent complications related to the disease and its treatment regimen, and be ready to provide patients and their families with knowledge and support. In this paper, the author will first provide a full description of multiple myeloma, including etiology and risk factors, pathophysiology, diagnostic tests, and treatment. This accomplished, the author will apply the stages of the nursing process to nursing care...
Words: 4168 - Pages: 17
... Prostate Cancer In the year 2013 there have been 238,590 new cases and 29,720 deaths in the United States from men receiving Prostate Cancer. Prostate Cancer is a serious disease that is treatable and preventable. The cancer is a disease that is not taken seriously and most men feel that they could get the disease. Men can receive Prostate Cancer many different ways at any given moment. In this research paper I will discuss Prostate Cancer treatment, symptoms of Prostate Cancer, genetics of Prostate Cancer, and the statistics Prostate Cancer has many ways to cure the disease and many different ways to possibly treat the disease on a day to day basis if not cured. Some treatments are standard and some are tested in clinical trials. Treatments that are tested in a clinical trial are researched to help improve current treatments or obtain information on newly tested treatments for all patients. There are many different ways to treat prostate cancer such as radiation therapy, hormone therapy, chemotherapy, biologic therapy and radical prostatectomy. Radiation therapy is a treatment that uses high energy x-rays or different types of radiation to kill cancer cells. The way that radiation therapy is given depends on the type of cancer and stage of the cancer is being treated. Most men that are treated with radiation therapy for prostate cancer will have an increased risk of having bladder, rectal cancer, and urinary problems...
Words: 930 - Pages: 4
...Research Review on the Biological Effect of Cell Phone Radiation on Human 1, 2 Ashraf A. Aly1, Safaai Bin Deris2, Nazar Zaki3 Faculty of Computer Science and Information Systems, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia 3 College of Information Technology, UAE University, UAE Ashraf.ahmed@uaeu.ac.ae, safaai@utm.my, nzaki@uaeu.ac.ae increased incidence rate of traffic accidents due to the use of mobile phone while driving. The risk of exposure to electromagnetic field was first highlighted and publicized in the late 1970s by Colorado study [2] that linked magnetic field exposure from power lines to the possible development of child leukemia. The amount of RF generated by cell phone is usually depends on the number of base stations around the area, the cell phone network traffic, and on how far the cell phone from base stations. The amount of the power which sent from a base station could vary from cell phone to another one even within the same area, depends on the interfering from obstacles such as buildings and trees [3]. Although, cell phones are designed to operate at power levels below a threshold for known thermal effects, radio frequency radiation could produce other kinds of effects, called biological effects. In Figure 1, we show a calculation of specific absorbed radiation (SAR) distribution in an anatomical model of human head positioned next to a 125 mW dipole antenna. The resulted Peak SAR is 9.5 W/kg over 1 mg which is a clear indication of the effect. Abstract The growth...
Words: 4202 - Pages: 17
...Stem Cell Research in Human Transplantation [Name of the Writer] [Name of the Institution] Abstract Skeletal Bone Marrow that is decimated by disease, chemo, or radioactive emission can be refurbished by utilizing stem cell transplants. For certain infectious ailments like leukemia, aplastic anemia, certain inherited body-fluid infections, and some infections of the immune cell, and the stem cells in the skeletal bone marrow do not effectively function the way that it is intended to function. The stem cell is subjected to immunity issues where the recipient body site does not accept the donor cells. This paper will look to enquire the benefits to following stem cell research in human transplantation. Stem Cell Research Introduction Unique functional cells such as for example, a red blood cell start out originally as unspecialized cells known as stem cells. These stem cells have the uncanny ability to keep separating through division and multiplying in culture to produce specialized cell for a specific bodily function. In the context of normal human development, they are best described for their diversity, adaptability and longevity. As the laws of biology dictate, a human being is formed when a sperm cell fertilizing a female egg cell to produce a zygote. The zygote is already specialized in the fact that it is on the way to the formation of a whole individual. Furthermore the zygote, also known as the fertilized egg is tot potent that simply...
Words: 3192 - Pages: 13
...Stem cell research is a massive topic of discussion within many groups of people around the world. Whether it is right or wrong is the question, however in stem cell research there is no such thing as wrong. People are usually against stem cell research because they are also against abortion and there are horror stories of the experiences patients and pathologists have had with abortion. People believe that stem cell research gets embryonic stem cells from an abortion clinic what an abortion clinic does with the fetuses is either send them to a pathology facility or they just throw them away in the trash. Stem cell research does not use aborted fetuses or embryos for collection of embryonic stem cells. The People against the idea of Embryonic...
Words: 1011 - Pages: 5
...Jody Vaughn Research Draft Since the discovery of stem cell therapy, it has been a controversial topic of long debate of moral ethics and politically. The discovery of stem cells and their ability to generate new cells began in the 1800’s. Today the topic of research therapy makes headlines with its controversy with the use of embryonic stem cells. Historically stem cell research includes plant, animals and human stem cells but today the prominent use of stem cells in humans is bone marrow transplant. This has become a simple one day medical procedure that is one of a lesser debate. Complete strangers can now simply be tested for a compatible match to an awaiting recipient. This type of success has brought stem cell to the forefront of medical researches discovery of other stem cell therapies that are futuristic in nature and have the possible to cure devastating disease and injuries that would otherwise leave someone completely debilitated or worse. Stem cell therapy is on the verge of being a revolutionary medical advancement in history. The discovery that stem cells could generate new healthy cells in the 1800’s had revolutionized the medical profession. Blood marrow transplant are the front runner of the success that stem cells can produce. This is the prominent force that guides researcher to believe that stem cells can be a cure for many diseases such as Parkinson’s disease, immune deficiency disease, certain types of leukemia’s, severe blood disorders and traumatic...
Words: 847 - Pages: 4
...xxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxx English 101 25 March 2011 Student/Teacher Memo 1. What was your purpose? What effect were you trying to achieve? My purpose was to write about tanning as a cause of the skin cancer, and about skin cancer as a consequence of tanning. 2. What was interesting about the process you went through in writing this paper, and what did you learn from it? It was very interesting to research about skin cancer, as I am particularly interested on the subject. I also did not know tanning or any ultraviolet radiation exposure can have such serious consequences. 3. What was the most difficult aspect about this paper, and what did you learn from the attempt? It was difficult to give it a clear structure on cause/effect, although the subject clearly illustrates this structure. 4. What do you see as the strengths of the paper, and what would you try to do if you were to revise it some more? The strength of the paper is the very reliable sources. 5. What’s not a part of your paper that you think might help a reader understand or appreciate it more? What didn’t you put in? I did not further develop on skin cancer, how it presents and develops. 6. What kind of grammar or formatting feedback would you like from your instructor? I would appreciate full feedback on both. 7. When using the APUS Online Library article databases, did you evaluate the credibility of the sources you chose? Yes. 8. Are your memo and essay in correct MLA format? Yes. 9. Did you save...
Words: 2318 - Pages: 10
...Stem Cell Research Sarah-Renee Keller So far, stem cell research had been a topic of great debate and will continue to be. This is mainly for moral or religious reasons. Stem cell research, though hotly debated, could possibly change or save millions of lives. This is why I believe Stem Cell Research should be continued. The advantages outweigh the disadvantages. Also, while the moralities of others should be considered and respected as much as possible, it shouldn't take precedence when the benefits of stem cell therapies have the potential to be so many. Definition of stem cells Stem cells are cells with the ability to divide many times and can eventually develop into many different tissues that perform specific functions. The two types of stem cells are embryonic and adult (or somatic) stem cells. Embryonic stem cells are obtained from embryos, most of which are left over attempts from in-vitro fertilization. They are then placed in a culture dish in the hope that they will continue to multiply and not differentiate. Somatic stem cells are cells acquired from adults in tissues that need to generate more cells to maintain themselves and function (such as bone marrow). Scientists typically have much more difficulty trying to generate adult stem cells in cultures than embryonic stem cells. Stem cells can be totipotent, pluripotent, or multipotent. Totipotent cells are the most useful, because they can become any cell or tissue type. The middle ground between...
Words: 1315 - Pages: 6
...[pic] Term paper Stem cell therapy Irfan manzoor. Roll no: RP7002B22. Reg. no: 11000225. Course: Bsc. Biotech 1. Lovely professional university Contents 1. Stem cells and properties. 2-3 2. Stem cell therapy. 5-12 3. Stem cell use in animals 13-15 4. Recent researches in stem cell therapy 16-19 5. Conclusion 21 6. Bibliography 22 Stem cells Stem cells are cells found in all multi cellular organisms. They are characterized by the ability to renew themselves through mitotic cell division and differentiate into a diverse range of specialized cell types. Research in the stem cell field grew out of findings by Ernest A. McCulloch and James E. Till at the University of Toronto in the 1960s. The two broad types of mammalian stem cells are: embryonic stem cells that are isolated from the inner cell mass of blastocysts, and adult stem cells that are found in adult...
Words: 5761 - Pages: 24
...LITERATURE REVIEW FOR ALTERNATIVE AND HOLISTIC MEDICINE Summer Olson University of South Dakota September 5, 2014 Author Note Summer Olson, Department of Health Sciences, University of South Dakota Summer Olson is now a junior at the University of South Dakota. This paper fulfills the critical writing graduate component of the course HSC 440, Major Issues in Health and Human Services. Correspondence concerning this paper should be addressed to Summer Olson, Summer.Olson@coyotes.usd.edu Article # 1 A study by Arvind Chopra (2013) examined how an Ayurvedic medicinal technique compares to modern remedies for osteoarthritis. Dr. Chopra is an associate at the Center for Rheumatic disease where he is a leader in research. The study...
Words: 3635 - Pages: 15
...cell. In most religions, stem cell research has been viewed as playing God. The belief that unwanted embryos are being used and the dreaded words “legalizing abortions” in order to obtain stem cells has reviled people worldwide. While politicians in the United States have based their platform for stem cell research for a cure, or attempting to legalize abortions countrywide, is very broad and a very narrow path because of the promises of science to cure all. The religious downfall that we may be playing God, and the constant bantering from our politicians about it is the right thing, and the wrong thing. Scientists have long argued over the leaps and bounds that were made from stem cell research. The history of stem cell research had a compassionate, embryonic beginning in the mid-eighteen hundreds with the discovery that some blood cells could generate other cells within the human body. In the early nineteen hundreds European researchers realized that the various types of blood cells came from a certain “stem cell.” In 1963, the first true study of stem cell renewal took hold when Canadian researchers discovered self-renewing cells in transplanted mouse bone marrow. This would pave the way for a technique we use against leukemia. The transplantation of bone marrow in some people suffering from certain types of leukemia does work. As award winning science writer, Cynthia Fox observed, “it has been know for decades that if I have cancer, and I gave it you. I put a tumor...
Words: 1100 - Pages: 5
...BIO 1 Paper Stem Cells Research WHAT ARE STEM CELLS? * Stem cells are biological cells found in all multicellular organisms, that can divide through mitosis and differentiate into diverse specialized cell types or can self renew to produce more stem cells. * In mammals, there are two broad types of stem cells: embryonic stem cells that are isolated from the inner cell mass of blastocysts, and adult stem cells that are found in various tissues. * In adult organisms, stem cells and progenitor cells act as a repair system for the body, replenished in adult tissues. In a developing embryo, stem cells can differentiate into all the specialized cells, but also maintain the normal turnover of regenerative organs, such as blood, skin, or intestinal tissues. Properties The classical definition of a stem cell requires the following properties: * Self-renewal - the ability to go through numerous cycles of cell division while maintaining the undifferentiated state. * Potency - the capacity to differentiate into specialized cell types. In the strictest sense, this requires stem cells to be either totipotent or pluripotent - to be able to give rise to any mature cell type, although multipotent or unipotent progenitor cells are sometimes referred to as stem cells. In Self-Renewal.. Two mechanisms exist to ensure that the stem cell population is maintained: * Obligatory asymmetric replication - a stem cell divides into one father cell that is identical...
Words: 2510 - Pages: 11
...SBI4U ISP Part II: Genetic Technology Research Paper Embryonic Stem Cell Use Abstract: Researchers discovered that embryonic stem cells could be originated from early human embryos. This discovery has raised a series of ethical and public-policy questions that are now being confronted by multiple international organizations, nations, cultures, and religious traditions. This essay surveys policies for human embryonic stem cell research in four regions of the world, reports on the recent debate at the United Nations about one type of such research, and reviews the positions that various religious traditions have adopted regarding this novel type of research. In several instances the religious traditions seem to have influenced the public-policy debates. There are many ways in which human stem cells can be used in research and the clinic. Studies of the medical use of Embyonic Stem cells will yield information about the complex events that occur during human development. A primary goal of this work is to identify how undifferentiated stem cells become the differentiated cells that form the tissues and organs. Scientists know that turning genes on and off is central to this process. Some of the most serious medical conditions, such as cancer and birth defects, are due to abnormal cell division and differentiation. A more complete understanding of the genetic and molecular controls of these processes may yield information about how such diseases arise and suggest new strategies...
Words: 1283 - Pages: 6
...Final Research Paper Fighting to Live Byranisha Goodwin-Cooper Comp/172 November 8, 2011 Nalin Pant . Cancer is one of the most devastating illnesses one can have. Unfortunately, when death is knocking at the door of a cancer patient, vision becomes blurry not because they cannot see but because living a normal life is not the same. Some insurance companies will not cover the cost of treatment that a cancer patient needs to survive if it is preexisting. The insurance companies want to make a profit by the cost of treatment, constantly raising rates of testing, and other medical expenses and supplies. Is it fair to the sick to be denied treatment? The answer is a definitely No! All cancer patients should be treated equally weather you have insurance or not. Cancer patients have to fight to live and to fight in order to afford treatments. Some patients who have little to no insurance are forced to be placed on hold, and have to wait get approved by insurance companies, while other medical facilities will provide service and advise a patient to get a primary doctor for all follow ups. Cancer patients have to deal with getting the proper medical treatment available with limited time. While cancer patients have to wait until insurance is approved to start certain procedures the waiting period can be hectic on a person mental state causing stress and the cancer to spread making a person’s life very difficult. Many different thoughts can cross through a person’s mind; such as...
Words: 1480 - Pages: 6
