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Bone Turnover Research Paper

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Bone turnover is carried out by osteoclasts, cells that resorb old bone, and osteoblasts, cells that lay down new bone matrix. Osteoclasts are large multi-nucleated cells derived from mononuclear hematopoietic cells that, upon stimulation, secrete lysosomal enzymes during bone resorption. Bone is resorbed by acidification and proteolysis of the collagen bone matrix and hydroxyapatite crystals [8]. Osteoblasts evolve from mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) lineage, along with adipocytes, chondrocytes, myoblasts and fibroblasts. Bone formation takes place in three stages: 1) production of osteoid matrix, 2) maturation of osteoid matrix, and 3) mineralization of the matrix. After the completion of bone formation, osteoblasts assume one of three fates: 1) undergo apoptosis, 2) remain on the bone surface as bone lining cells, or 3) are buried in the newly formed bone matrix as terminally differentiated osteocytes. …show more content…
Bone can be created in three different ways: a) osteogenesis, b) modeling, and c) remodeling. Osteogenesis is the process in which bone is formed on soft fibrous tissues or cartilage during embryonic development and initial fracture healing. Bone modeling is the process during which bone is reshaped by the concerted action of osteoblasts and osteoclasts, typically yielding large net increases in bone density altering the mechanical properties. This effect is largely observed in later stages of fracture healing, growth in adolescence and strength training

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