...largest economy in the world in 2011 in PPP terms and 57th largest in nominal terms, among the Next Eleven or N-11 of Goldman Sachs and D-8 economies, with a gross domestic product of US$269.3 billion in PPP terms and US$104.9 billion in nominal terms. The economy has grown at the rate of 6-7% per annum over the past few years. More than half of the GDP is generated by the service sector; while nearly half of Bangladeshis are employed in the agriculture sector. Other goods produced are textiles, jute, fish, vegetables, fruit, leather and leath. An easy way to understand any country's economic scenario is through its Balance of Trade (BOT) and Balance of Payment (BOP) figures. Balance of Trade shows the difference between the total amount of incoming and outgoing currencies through import and export. Balance of Payment (BOP) is a summary of economic activities between the residents of a country and the rest of the world during a given period, usually one year. The main purpose of keeping these records is to inform government authorities about the overall international economic position of the country in order to assist them in arriving at decisions on monetary and fiscal policy, on the one hand, and trade and payments policy on the other. Balance of payments statistics are therefore helpful to government authorities charged with maintaining...
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...Semester 1, 2012 Week 9: Innovation II Product Innovation Dr Gary Buttriss 9.1 What is a product-service system? What may be the impact on its own sustainability of a corporation currently providing products moving towards a product-service system? (See especially reading 9.1.) Answer • What is a product-service system • “A marketable set of products and services capable of jointly fulfilling a user‟s need. The product/service ratio in this set can vary, either in terms of function fulfillment or economic value. (p.238) • Also a system of products, services, supporting networks and infrastructure designed to be competitive, satisfy customer needs and have a lower environmental impact than traditional business models (p. 239) • Impacts on sustainability of a corporation • Drivers: Can provide access to new strategic markets opportunities, market trends and developments and potentially stay competitive as patterns of production and consumption are transformed. • Barriers: Fundamental cultural shifts are required. Markets and products may be hard to develop, consumers may resist. MGMT2001 - Corporate Sustainability 2 Context and Characteristics • Blurring of manufacturing and service: The role of services in providing value is ever more important. Added value is created by technological improvments, intellectual property, product image and brand names, aesthetic design and styling that differentiate and diversify products. Functional economy: Function...
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...of our sales come from 20 percent of our customers.”1 One recent business theory that has challenged this rule is the so called BOP or Bottom of the Pyramid perspective, developed and popularized by C.K. Prahalad.2 It refers to the around 4 billion people at the bottom of the economic pyramid with a purchasing power of US$2,000 per year or less. Prahalad and colleagues have proposed that these low-income consumers represent great potential but require a unique mix of pricing, promotion, low cost delivery, and effective communication in order to successfully reach.3 The key to selling to BOP consumers is that an MNC strategy be affordable, accessible, and socially driven. Nokia is one company that is taking this perspective seriously. Business interest in BOP markets is rising. Multinational companies have been leaders in this trend, especially in food and consumer products. And large national companies have also taken a leadership role, proving to be among the most innovative in meeting the needs of BOP consumers and producers, especially in such sectors as housing, agriculture, consumer goods, and financial services. And small start-ups and social entrepreneurs focusing on BOP markets are rapidly growing in number. But perhaps the strongest and most dramatic BOP leadership success story is mobile telephony.4 The Global ICT Market The measured BOP market for ICT—information and communication technologies and the services they provide—is $30.5 billion for Africa (11 countries)...
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...of our sales come from 20 percent of our customers.”1 One recent business theory that has challenged this rule is the so called BOP or Bottom of the Pyramid perspective, developed and popularized by C.K. Prahalad.2 It refers to the around 4 billion people at the bottom of the economic pyramid with a purchasing power of US$2,000 per year or less. Prahalad and colleagues have proposed that these low-income consumers represent great potential but require a unique mix of pricing, promotion, low cost delivery, and effective communication in order to successfully reach.3 The key to selling to BOP consumers is that an MNC strategy be affordable, accessible, and socially driven. Nokia is one company that is taking this perspective seriously. Business interest in BOP markets is rising. Multinational companies have been leaders in this trend, especially in food and consumer products. And large national companies have also taken a leadership role, proving to be among the most innovative in meeting the needs of BOP consumers and producers, especially in such sectors as housing, agriculture, consumer goods, and financial services. And small start-ups and social entrepreneurs focusing on BOP markets are rapidly growing in number. But perhaps the strongest and most dramatic BOP leadership success story is mobile telephony.4 The Global ICT Market The measured BOP market for ICT—information and communication technologies and the services they provide—is $30.5 billion for Africa (11 countries)...
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...HISTORY OF BANKING IN PAKISTAN Pakistan came into being on 14th August, 1947; sufficient banking services were available in the areas forming Pakistan. Out of the total branches of the nearly 3,500 in the undivided India, as many as about 1,500 branches were existing in these areas. It was agreed between the two countries that reserve bank of India shall continue to function in the Pakistan territory until 30th September 1948 and that Indian notes would continue to be legal tender at Pakistan until 30th September 1948. Unfortunately, relationship between the two countries became most strained immediately after independence; banking was mostly in the lands of Hindus who immediately started transferring their offices and assets into India. As a result most of the banks in Pakistan were closed down and even those which were open were not doing any effective business. The number of banking office in Pakistan came down to about 200 on 30th June 1948. Branches of some European banks were also functioning in a limited manner, financing in export of crops, and their number was limited to about 20. It was only the Habib bank, which transferred its office from Bombay to Karachi Austral Asia bank was another bank, which was in existence in the Pakistan territory at the time of independence. Despite of best efforts on the part of government of Pakistan, no heady way could be made on this behalf and reserve bank of India was in no mood to help the new country. Imperial bank of India...
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...The Martha Stewart Case Professor Beverly H. Lee | AbstractThis is a brief synopsis into the life of Martha Stewart and the legal fortunes or misfortunes of Martha Stewart. We will delve into the various stages in her life and the outcome of the events that transpire in her life. By: Paul Cumberbatch BUSA 2106-200 | Fraud, lying, conspiracy...not terms that any individual generally wants associated with their history, nevertheless with their reputation and personality; even if that individual happens to be Martha Stewart. Her name pronounces itself across cookbooks, magazines and even has its own show on Style and The Learning Channel. It now pronounces itself with yet another captivating theme, as part of one of America's major scandals. As a well-respected author of books on cooking, entertaining and decorating she rose to prominence. It was also due to the expansion of her brand name by means of magazine and television show, and serving as CEO of the Martha Stewart Omnimedia. However; as it would come as an ironic coincidence that she would have to go to court which subsequently led to Ms. Stewart’s resignation from her post as CEO amid allegations of insider trading in 2002. Martha Stewart was born on August 3, 1971 as Martha Kostyra in New Jersey. She was the second of six children as she grew up in Nutley, New Jersey. By Age 13 she was working a model, making appearance in fashion shows, television and printed advertisements. As time went along she began attending...
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...Bachelor of Commerce Best Business Research Papers | September 2008 | Volume 1 Faculty of Business University of Victoria, BSS Office, Room 283 PO Box 1700 STN CSC Victoria BC V8W 2Y2 Canada Phone (250) 472-4728 Fax (250) 721-7066 | www.business.uvic.ca Seeing new horizons. September 2008 | Volume 1 Bachelor of Commerce Best Business Research Papers Bachelor of Commerce Best Business Research Papers Volume 1, September 2008 Table of Contents NOTE FROM THE EDITOR Anthony Goerzen 1 THE DUTCH BUSINESS SYSTEM IN TRANSITION: AN APPLICATION OF WHITLEY’S BUSINESS SYSTEMS APPROACH FOR THE USE OF EXECUTIVES, MANAGERS, AND POLICY MAKERS Eric Brewis 2 SWENSEN’S MUST ENGAGE IN MARKET PENETRATION AND DIVERSIFICATION TO RETAIN ITS LEADING POSITION IN THE THAILAND MARKET Kailee Douglas 13 DISNEYLAND PARIS: EUROPEANIZING A RESORT Amanda Louie 22 IKEA: A STRATEGY FOR SUCCESS Garret Luu 31 COMPULSORY LICENSING IN THAILAND Simran Mann 38 CHANGING POVERTY AND INEQUITY THROUGH BUSINESS Matthew R. Tanner 47 SWEDEN IS A NESTING GROUND FOR YOUNG START-UP ENTREPRENEURS James Whyte 56 Note from the Editor In business today, “globalization” is a key concept with the firms across nations intertwined as never before. With overseas customers, suppliers, operations, and competitors, today’s managers need an international outlook. Therefore, the mission of the University of Victoria’s Bachelor of Commerce program is to...
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...Marketing Channel Strategies in Rural Emerging Markets Unlocking Business Potential By Benjamin Neuwirth Benjamin Neuwirth, Kellogg School of Management, bneuwirth2012@kellogg.northwestern.edu 1 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY In his landmark book “The Fortune at the Bottom of the Pyramid,” C.K. Prahalad describes the profits that can be earned by selling products to “Bottom of the Pyramid” customers. While there is truth to this, companies face unique challenges when operating in the rural regions of emerging markets where many of these customers live. For example, the consumer population is dispersed over a wide geographic area, transportation infrastructure is often poorly developed, and many consumers have sporadic and extremely low incomes. This paper examines these challenges from a marketing channel perspective. The fundamental question is: How can companies entering into rural emerging markets design a marketing channel strategy that meets the needs of customers and allows for the long-term profitable success of the business? I begin answering this question by examining common challenges that companies operating in this environment face. Each challenge is accompanied by examples of companies that have solved the problem in a unique way. Then, I develop a generalized framework for designing marketing channels in rural emerging markets. Finally, I apply the framework to d.light Design, a company that manufactures and sells solar lanterns in India and Africa and that I worked...
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...[pic] Topic: Recent International Trade scenario of Bangladesh BOP Submitted To: Mr. Shantanu Kumar Roy Joint Director Foreign exchange policy department. Bangladesh Bank, Sylhet. Lecturer Department of Business Administration Metropolitan University, Sylhet. Submitted By: Mir Md. Nazmul Haydar MBA 22nd Batch ID No: 111-126-025 Metropolitan University Content |Sl No. |Title |Page no. | |1 |Introduction |1-3 | |2 |Composition and Performance of Exports of Bangladesh |3 | | |Export Earnings and Export Growth | | |3 |Export Earnings and Export Growth by Commodities |3 | |4 |Exports of Primary and Manufacturing Commodities |4 | |5 |Export Value, Volume and Unit Price Index |4-5 | |6 |Exports Performance Compared to Imports...
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...Metricum | International Business Management | | Table of Contents CHAPTER 1 3 INTRODUCTION 3 1.1. Objective of the Research: 3 1.2. Introduction to Material Handling Industry: 3 1.3. Metricum – Company Overview: 4 1.3.1. Mission and Vision statement: 4 1.4. Industry Analysis using Porter’s Five Forces Framework 4 CHAPTER 2 7 MARKET ANALYSIS 7 2.1. Market Analysis 7 2.1. Overview of Ukraine: 9 2.2. Key Facts about Ukraine: (source:BBC) 9 2.3. Strategic Analysis of Ukraine Markets 10 2.3.1. Business Environment: 10 2.3.2. PESTEL Framework analysis: 10 2.4. Investing in Ukraine Market 13 2.4.1. Advantages in Investing: 14 2.4.2. Disadvantages (Risk factors) in Investing: 16 CHAPTER 3 17 METRICUM”S MARKET ENTRY STRATEGY 17 3.1. Metricum’s Market Entry Strategy Development 17 3.2. Entry Mode 17 3.3. Timing of Entry 19 3.4. Romania as a route of entry 19 3.5. China as an alternate route of entry 20 CHAPTER 4 21 SKILLS AND KNOWLEDGE DEVELOPMENT 21 CHAPTER 5 22 METRICUM”S GLOBAL STRATEGY 22 CHAPTER 6 23 RECOMMENDATIONS 23 CHAPTER 7 26 CONCLUSION 26 REFERENCES AND BIBLIOGRAPHY 27 APPENDIX 29 CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION 1.1. Objective of the Research: Metricum is a well-established small medium enterprise (SME) that manufactures materials handling equipment and intelligent handling solutions. Their international activities...
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...and learning the alphabetic symbols with other kids to seemed fun. I didn’t understand that I was also learning to tight my shoes along with other fundamentals that made the school fun. My sister and first cousin also attended the school with me. Whenever we all were together we had so much fun. Sometimes I think about those days such as right now. Entering my first grade seemed a little strange to me. I attended a catholic school which had mass on certain days? This church was different from the Baptist church I regularly attended on Sundays. I didn’t understand the reason why other kids did not have churches in schools either. However once I graduated to the second grade my mother transferred my to a public school that was closer to our apartment. Riley Elementary School was the first public school I had ever experienced. I was really nervous the first day with all new classmates. The environment that felt so close bonded and together while attending catholic school suddenly disappeared. This new school...
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...and learning the alphabetic symbols with other kids to seemed fun. I didn’t understand that I was also learning to tight my shoes along with other fundamentals that made the school fun. My sister and first cousin also attended the school with me. Whenever we all were together we had so much fun. Sometimes I think about those days such as right now. Entering my first grade seemed a little strange to me. I attended a catholic school which had mass on certain days? This church was different from the Baptist church I regularly attended on Sundays. I didn’t understand the reason why other kids did not have churches in schools either. However once I graduated to the second grade my mother transferred my to a public school that was closer to our apartment. Riley Elementary School was the first public school I had ever experienced. I was really nervous the first day with all new classmates. The environment that felt so close bonded and together while attending catholic school suddenly disappeared. This new school...
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...ICELAND: EXCHANGE RATES, BoP & the FINANCIAL CRISIS From Riches to Rags and Back Again Since Iceland's financial crash in 2008, the country has been floundering to get back on its feet. The fall this charming and chilly land experienced was nothing short of spectacular – with GDP contracting 12.5% from 2007 to 2010 i and unemployment peaking at 9.4% in 2007 and culminating in a total government collapse on January 27, 2009.ii Altogether, the banks – who owed more than six times the country's GDP in debtiii - defaulted on 85 billion,iv leaving the previously affluent residents angry and afraid. Since that time, the country has taken drastic measures to right the economic situation, and while Iceland is not yet out of danger, the economic future is certainly looking hopeful. How was this tiny country, against all odds, able to crawl back from the brink of disaster? Looking Back First, let's back up and take a look at Iceland's recent economic history. The 1990s, Iceland's golden days, combined free-market and capitalist principles with a robust welfare system. At the time, this produced strong economic growth plus low unemployment and a relatively even distribution of income. As a result, Iceland was rated as "having one of the world's highest levels of economic freedom as well as civil freedoms."v In the second quarter of 1998, the GDP growth rate reached 10.20%.vi (For comparison purposes, the current GDP growth rate in the US is 2.4%.vii) Iceland's ability to sustain...
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...The Role and Influence of International Financial Institutions Danny Leipziger Abstract Development thinking has evolved from the early works of W. Arthur Lewis and Paul Rosenstein-Rodan and has been influenced by new and varied schools of thought. Emphases have shifted from capital accumulation and technical progress to human capital investment and social inclusion. Institutions have come into the equation, as has a prominent role for markets and for the state as drivers of development. Underlying these views were practicalities that shaped the way countries dealt with their need for foreign capital, the management of the macroeconomy, and their responses to economic and financial crises. There was a prominent role for the so-called Bretton Woods institutions, namely, the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund, in shaping prevailing views of development and putting them into practice. This Danny Leipziger The Role and Influence of IFIs has been important, both directly and indirectly, in affecting policy choices made by developing country governments over past decades. Keywords: Bretton Woods Institutions; World Bank ideology toward development; IMF ideology and development; changing development paradigms; international financial institutions; Bank-Fund Collaboration; Bank-Fund Concordat. Chapter 49 Page 2 Danny Leipziger The Role and Influence of IFIs Introduction International financial institutions (IFIs) have strongly influenced development...
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...an option for kids to get out, socialize and participate in many different experiences on a Friday night, in order to try to keep them from choosing activities that would be poor choices and possibly getting in trouble. Although this activity is open to any junior high and high school student in the area, I realized very quickly that most of the teens that attended could easily be labeled as “high risk” teens. Many of them have very stressful/negative settings at home. For some of the teens this was easily identifiable quickly. Others were very good at hiding their troubles. I enjoyed serving my service learning hours at Fort Boise, but, in a way, I wish I would have chosen an organization where I would have been able to get a little closer to the people, on a personal level. Teen Night was just more of group interaction (playing basketball, dodge ball, video games, etc.). There was one teen (Will) I was able to form a bond with that was, originally, very closed off. I later found out, from one of the other volunteers, there were concerns of suicide with Will. I will discuss this bond further into the paper, but I will say that connecting with Will was the highlight of my service learning. In an article from 1995 about the Adolescent Transition Project which was a study conducted in order to get specific numbers about teens and how their behaviors correlated with the connection of their home, school and social life relationships, it is stated that “deviant and risky...
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