...Does Warmer External Temperature Translate Into Further Distance in an Electric Rickshaw By. Stephon Glover Target Problem Electric Rickshaw’s are a common form of transportation in throughout Asia. There are no manufacturer recommendations with regard to temperature and distance. Problem Statement: The use of Rickshaw’s in Beijing is invaluable. They are used as small vehicles for families, as taxis for 1 or 2 people, and as a means of getting around smaller districts of the megacity. There is a noticeable drop in not only distance but also torque when temperatures drop below 15 degrees Celsius. The following experiment will address the issue of temperature variation and the effect it has on the speed and distance travelled of an electric Rickshaw. The results of this study can be used in the design of electric battery storage and insulation. Literature Review There are numerous tips to improve electric vehicle performance, namely altering the way the vehicle is used. There is little language in the way of battery insulation, which will be the method used in this experiment. Of note, SAE International (2011) concluded that tested energy consumption varies based on driving ability and duties performed by the vehicle, such as heating and advanced audio systems. Electric vehicle performance is dictated not just by temperature, but deteriorates substantially based off of nonessential features. Official reports on the charging and battery efficiency of...
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...CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION Background of the Study With limited sources of electricity in the Philippines, we discerned that this problem needs attention or better yet solved. At present, Mindanao today has been experiencing power shortage because of lack of hydroelectric energy for the power depends on the availability of Maria Cristina Falls’ water, which is also affected by weather conditions. In view of this, people from the place tend to find an alternative source of energy. We have found out that the fruit, santol (Sandoricum koetjape), contains citric acid that could produce electrical energy. At present, the Cottonfruit (Sandoricum koetjape) is an abundant fruit locally. Statement of the Problem The study aims to produce electrical energy with the use of an ordinary household Cottonfruit (Sandoricum koetjape) by making it as a battery. Specifically, it seeks to answer the following questions: 1. How much volume of Cottonfruit (Sandoricum koetjape) is needed to light a 5V bulb? 10V? 2. Are there other chemical contents of Cottonfruit (Sandoricum koetjape) that could create electrical energy aside from citric acid? If other citric fruits such as Orange (Citrus aurantium) and Calamansi (Citrofortunella microcarpa), could the product be more effective and conductive? Significance of the Study The study aimed to create electrical energy from Cottonfruit (Sandoricum koetjape) Typically; cottonfruit is a common fruit in the Philippines. The result of the study...
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...Electricity Movement Using a string of Christmas lights which power source will electricity move better through? C, D, 9V battery Hypothesis: If I attach a string of lights to all the batteries, the electricity will move better through the ‘D’ battery because it is bigger. Experiment: Materials Scissors Electric Tape C, D, 9V Batteries A Set of Christmas Lights Procedures 1. Take a set of Christmas lights and cut 4 lights leaving some wires at both ends to connect the battery power sources. 2. Tape one end of the lights to the negative end of the battery. 3. Connect the other end of the wire to the positive end of each battery. 4. This is done to see which battery allows electricity to move better through it. 5. Repeat steps for trials. Results The speed results from each trial and battery type when the power source was connected. Speed Trail 1 Trail 2 Trail 3 Average Speed C 1.7 2.9 2.4 2.33 D 2.5 1.3 2.8 2.2 9V 0.1 0.1 0.5 0.23 The results of how bright the lights shined when the power sources was connected. Brightness Chart Trail 1 Trail 2 Trail 3 Average Brightness C 1 1 1 1 D 2 1 1 1.333 Conclusion 9V 5 5 4 4.667 Based off my experiment, I found out that the 9V battery passes electricity faster than the D battery, and the C battery has the slowest speed. I also learned when the battery power source was connected to the 9V battery it shined the brightest. The D shined a little brighter than the C. My hypothesis was incorrect. The D battery does not allow electricity...
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...management moved to diversify. A new product application for curled metal technology, a cushion pad, could be the key for this purpose. After closely reviewing, management needs to define a pricing and channel marketing decision for metal pile cushions utilized during pile driving. The new product it’s a metal pads which has significant efficiency advantages over usual pads available (hardwood blocks) to date in the market. CMI needs to consider several marketing decisions. First, they must determine a method for pricing and ultimately a price for the new metal pads. Second, the company must decide which channels to market the pads based on the selected pricing strategy. Third, CMI must determine how much to invest in manufacturing equipment by estimating market penetration and considering the costs and benefits of investing in pad producing equipment. Situation Analysis and Diagnosis Potential Clients.- The construction engineers and contractors are an important potential purchaser of the pads and represent a good chance for CMI to sell the pads on large construction projects. Independent pile-driving contractors, concerned mainly with profits, would be interested in the metal cushion pads for their cost savings. The pile driver distributing and renting companies represent 25% of the market for...
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...1 We recommend Cumberland Metal Industries capitalize on their evolving position as a leader in the curled metal industry and effectively launch their new curled metal cushion pads to be positioned as the “new industry standard” in the pile driving market. In order to successfully launch this product, we first and foremost recommend that CMI acquire a patent to prevent this product from being copied and imitated, thus avoiding the entry of competitors. The associated value and advantages of CMI’s metal cushion pads are evident from the results of the two comparative performance tests by Colerick and Fazio. CMI pads drove piles 33 percent faster than asbestos per hour and lasted the entire job while also eliminating the downtime required for changeover compared to asbestos, resulting in significant savings for the contractors. Additionally, the health dangers associated with using asbestos pads is a growing concern, making CMI pads that much more attractive. The pile driving industry has paid little to no attention to cushion pads and no manufacture has dominated the business thus far, making the entry of the CMI metal pads featured as a work-saving tool both ideal and crucial in setting the new cushion pad industry standard. 2 We recommend that CMI utilize a value-based pricing strategy to introduce the 11 ½ inch metal pad and price it at $299.00 per pad. The value and efficiency of the metal pad will be the driving force behind this price strategy and will offer the customer...
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...Case Study Analysis Francesco Panazzolo Fall 2013-2014 Case Presentation Curled Metal Inc. (CMI) faced a pricing and channel marketing decision for metal pile cushions utilized during pile driving. CMI’s approach to metal pads has significant efficiency advantages over currently used pads available in the market. However, CMI has to take into account several barriers to entry into this market. The primary barrier is that most companies viewed role of pads as a necessary accessory or tangent item instead of viewing them as a potentially value adding or cost reducing part of pile driving. In order to penetrate the market, CMI has to alter the point of view of pile driving pads for the opinion leaders, engineering firms, and contractors involved in the decision process. There is several stakeholders to consider, first CMI that need a new successful product to the continued success of the company. The decisions regarding pile cushions could greatly increase the company’s revenues and profits. There are also several secondary stakeholders in the pile driving industry. Secondary stakeholders include pile hammer manufacturers, architectural consulting engineers, soil consultants, pile hammer distributing/renting companies, engineering/construction contractors, and independent pile driving contractors. The workers who drive piles are also stakeholders since the current pads may be hazardous to their health due to heat related injuries and weight. The following table summarizes some of...
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...Target Segments When it comes to deciding who to focus on in the market, Cumberland should try to target the contractors. Contractors who own the equipment required to pile drive make up around 75% of the industry, meaning there are more contractors to sell to than renters. In addition, because they own their own equipment they need to use their own money to buy cushions for the hammers and more dedicated to the maintenance of their machines. This behavior could lead to repeat purchases. Renters by contrast, do not own the machines they use and thus are less likely to care about the maintenance of the equipment they use. The cushions that they use are likely provided by the equipment renter as part of the deal. As a result they are less likely to be repeat purchasers. Promotion Cumberland could try to go for the traditional route of TV commercials and publication ads. More viewers that have no interest in the product will see it than people who do, thus this route is more likely to waste money than help make it. A better option is to use influential events and individuals to promote their product. Events include “Piletalk” seminars in various cities where designers, contractors, and equipment developers gather together. Individuals include Prof. R. Stephen McCormack who is a respected authority on the theory of pile driving and could potentially endorse CMI’s product. By using these events and individuals, CMI can educate their consumers about the benefits of using their superior...
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...All the breathless coverage of Elon Musk’s Powerwall battery brouhaha last night is missing the most important thing: a sober discussion of real-world costs. So let’s take a look at the costs and see if this world-shaking, game-changing innovation really makes any sense. Musk said Tesla’s 7 kwh capacity battery would cost $3,000, while the 10 kwh capacity one would be $3,500. (That doesn’t include the cost of a DC-AC inverter – about $2,000– plus professional installation.) The implication is that a 10 kwh system could supply 1,000 watts of current to your home for 10 hours. That’s a good amount of energy. The average American home draws an average of 1,200 watts of power around-the-clock, according to the U.S. Department of Energy. For a sense of scale, a desktop computer draws about 100 watts, a big TV 200 watts. Refrigerators cycle on and off, but average about 100 watts. So how much is that battery power going to cost? Setting aside for a moment the cost of making that electricity in the first place, let’s look at just the cost of using the battery to store it and get it out again. Researcher Winfried Hoffman, the former CTO of Applied Materials , has done some interesting work on the falling costs of battery power. He figures that for a lithium-ion system with an initial installation cost of $400 per kwh capacity, 80% efficiency and ability to run 5,000 cycles, the average cost of stored electricity will be 15 cents per kwh All the breathless coverage of Elon Musk’s...
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...uk/cementation cementation@skanska.co.uk Bored Pile Retaining Walls Application Basement construction, road/ rail cuttings, underpasseses, cut-and-cover tunnels and portals, cofferdams, underground tanks , slope stabilisation. Systems available include secant and contiguous pile walls. King post walls can also be offered. The choice of system depends on a variety of factors including soil type, groundwater, retained height, deflections, propping arrangement, design life, etc. Advantages • Maximum underground space; with minimum bulk excavation • Adaptable to complex wall layouts • Control of ground movements and groundwater • Wide range of wall thicknesses and capability • Can be installed in restricted working space. • Can be designed to carry long term vertical loads • Cost and time saving plus health and safety benefits when combined with patented Cementation precast guide/capping beam. Large and small diameter bored cast-in-place piles are often used to construct efficient and economic temporary or permanent retaining walls. These walls are suitable for deep basements, underpasses, tunnel portals and other underground structures particularly where working space is limited and adjacent structures require support. They minimise bulk excavation and help to control ground movements and groundwater ingress. Three distinct bored pile wall systems are in current use: • Contiguous pile wall • Secant pile wall – hard/soft or hard/firm • Secant pile wall – hard/hard The choice of system...
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...Wooden poles/piles to support the home near the lake in Switzerland 12,000 years ago Pile-supported huts in lagoons around the shores of lake in R. Ayothiraman R A thi Department of Civil Engineering Indian Institute of Technology Delhi New Delhi – 110 016. E-mail: araman@civil.iitd.ac.in Venezuela V l In early years, primarily used to bye-pass the water depth and soft soil layer even for lightly-loaded buildings Commonest Function: To transfer the load that cannot be adequately supported at shallow depths to a depth where adequate support becomes available. FUNCTIONS OF PILES • • • • • • • To carry the superstructure loads (both vertical and lateral) into/ through a soil stratum. To resist large uplift force and/or overturning moments To compact loose, cohesionless deposits -- a combination of pile volume displacement and driving vibrations (piles is withdrawn later) To control settlements when spread footing/mat is on a marginal soil/highly compressible soil To stiffen the soil beneath the machine foundations – to control both amplitudes and natural frequency of the system Provides additional safety factor beneath bridge abutments/piers, if scour is a potential problem Piles in offshore – load transfer thro’ water into underlying soil – partially embedded pile -- to vertical (buckling) and lateral load) Use of piles Effect of relation between foundation width and pile length on pressure distribution 1 End bearing pile pressure distributions in soil Friction pile pressure...
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...Literature Review: Geothermal Piles Contents Introduction 3 Background of Geothermal Piles 4 Description of System 4 Construction and Design 4 Construction Process 4 Design Process 5 Design Issues and Deficiencies 5 Uses and Benefits 5 Feasibility and Testing 5 Carbon Accounting 5 Conclusion 5 References 5 Introduction It has become globally recognised that CO₂ emissions need to be massively reduced, if we are to extend the habitable condition of this planet for future generations. In this vein over the past twenty years there have been massive strides in the development of renewable energy technologies. Geothermal Energy is one of the most promising methods of renewable energy generation in the struggle to find a sufficient replacement for fossil fuels. Geothermal Energy or Ground Thermal Energy can be harnessed in a number of ways, including ground source heat pumping systems integrated into boreholes and wells (Boennec, 2008). Energy Foundations or Thermo-active Ground structures is a broad term encompassing almost all subsurface engineering structure, such as bored or prefabricated piles, retaining walls, base slabs and diaphragm walls (Hemmingway & Long, 2013) for example, that have integrated closed loop ground source heat pumping systems to provide heating capacity in winter time and cooling capacity in summer time for almost any purpose building. However, the focus of this paper is on a particular method of Geothermal Energy extraction...
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...Types of Foundation The foundation is the base for the constructed building and as such is required to carry out several functions as follows: 0 The foundation should safely sustain and transmit to the ground the combined dead and imposed loads of the building without resulting in any settlement or other movement of the building or any adjoining works. 1 Foundations should be deep enough or be constructed in such a way as to avoid damage by the swelling, shrinkage or freezing of the subsoil. 2 The foundation should be capable of resisting attack by chemicals such as soluble salts or other deleterious materials present in the subsoil. Choice of Foundation The designer is required to choose the most appropriate type of foundation taking account of two main factors: * The total dead and imposed loads of the building * Possibility of subsoil movement The foundation design should take account of any subsoil movement caused by changes in the moisture content of the subsoil. These movements are normally changes in volume when the subsoil becomes either wet or dry and will normally occur near the surface of the soil . Similar volume changes can occur due to water freezing and expanding in a soil (this is called frost heave). Note the average foundation loading for a two-storey domestic dwelling is normally between 30 and 50 kN per metre. Foundation Types The most common foundation types used in low-rise domestic and light industrial buildings...
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...with every step comes more pain, which makes me yearn to get to the cool salty sensation of the ocean. I can feel shells piercing through my skin like sharp knives poised and glad to kill. Seeing the vicious, dirty, irritating seagulls scouting for food, hurtling to their target disrupting families’ enjoyable time. I can see little children’s smile brightening the day, as they build sand castles with blue and green buckets, adding all kinds of beautiful twisted unique shells, and adding a big red flag to the top with their families company. The sleepy ocean waves pulling back and pushing forward calmly as if it suddenly got tired of causing mishap, and knocking people their boards, but is now bored and at ease. The bright summer sun is burning my eyes out, melting everyone to a pile of goop. I can taste the nasty salty water stinging my mouth, making me want something strong enough to wash away the nasty taste of salt forever making it vanish. Tasting spicy yellow hot peppers scattered around my mouth with cold smoked turkey, green sweet peppers, scrumptious tomato, and white provolone cheese mixed together leaving me to savor the yummy taste of a Wawa sub. Then washing it down with sour, sugary, lemonade as cold as Ice. The strongest taste was happiness and joy there was so much it began to seep into my mouth.That is why 53rd street beach is my favorite...
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...”Gonzo, why don’t you go to Mcdonald’s and pick us up something to eat?” asked Joe, “what do you guys want?” replied Gozo. “Get me a big mac combo and a coke.” said Joe. “What do you want little man?” Gonzo asked me. “Just get me a large fry,” I requested. Joe gave Gonzo the money and he was on his way to go get McDonald’s. “Hey, we have a big pile of trash and a fire outside. Let’s burn all of this crap!” shouted Joe. We put all of the boxes on first and once the fire got really big, we threw the rest on top. Gonzo got back 10 minutes later with the food. “Finally!” said Joe. “Whatever!” replied Gozo. “Can we just eat?!” I asked. We walked in the team room and sat down to eat our food. We all got our food and right as we were about to eat the spider from earlier was back to get revenge on Joe. “Hey it’s that spider from earlier,” I said. “Let’s go sit outside,” Joe replied with a scared sound in his...
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...something, something awful. They don't want to die, not now and not like this. Every year, ten billion domesticated land animals are slaughtered for food in the United States-twenty-seven million each day (11 Facts About Animal Cruelty). Most farmed animals are killed when they are barely adolescents or even younger, such as the "broiler" chickens raised for meat who are slaughtered only at six and seven weeks old. Every year, six to eight million dogs and cats enter shelters in. Somewhere, shelter workers are heaving the bodies of dead dogs and cats, which just days ago were not only alive but even healthy, into a pile for disposal because no one adopted them in time. Three to four million shelter dogs and cats are killed because couldn’t be adopted on time. In the next city, a circus is pulling into town, with depressed, stressed, and maddeningly bored animals are crammed in cages, where they will stay for hours, waiting until it is time to perform unnatural stunts, which they will do out of fear-because they were trained through torture( 11 Facts About Animal Cruelty). Inside a building at a local university, a young monkey is cowering at the back of a cage, trying to get as far away as he can from the human hands reaching in to drag him out and perform another experiment, another mutilation, or, if it's a bad day for the researcher or assistant, another act of cruel...
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