...For my seminar topic, I will present how dolphins possess social and behavioral qualities which are presently believed to only be performed by humans or similar to human behavior. In human society, vocal copying is implemented as a way to strengthen or reaffirm "social bonds," (King et. al 1). This article was chosen because it studies how and why the bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus) utilizes vocal copying, a communication technique performed by humans. King et. al's study seeks to discover the purpose for this common dolphin behavior. A bottlenose dolphin emits an "individually distinctive signature," (King et. al 2). Developed from early acoustic stimuli from the environment, this unique combination pattern of modulation and frequently composes about fifty percent of total sounds produced. In addition to producing these novel sounds, bottlenose dolphins also possess the ability to mimic the signature whistles of fellow bottlenose. Based on these capabilities, the purpose of this study was to analyze the purpose of the voice copying and which pair affiliations utilizes this communication technique. If the whistle copying was for affiliation purposes, the researchers argued, then it should be observed in closely...
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...(MLP) whereby more than 100,000 living exhibits of marine life will is slated to start operations in 2012, at Resorts World Sentosa (RWS). The aim of this MLP, as cited by RWS, is to ‘enrich public understanding of marine conservation’. It also wishes to serve as a public showcase for education and research of marine wildlife. The MLP houses 25 indo-pacific bottlenose dolphins as well. There will also be a whale shark exhibit at the MLP. However, before the opening of the MLP, there have already been issues and concerns being raised by the public and some animal welfare organizations, with regards to the captivity of these dolphins and the whale sharks. As animal captivity has been a controversial issue over the past years, an issue that undoubtedly concerns the public and animal welfare organizations (such as SPCA and ACRES) is that RWS seems to only be bringing these dolphins for amusement to the public, henceforth generating more profits when RWS’s dolphin shows become popular. The question is – is RWS doing anything about the public’s comments towards its actions? Is RWS really excessively importing these bottlenose dolphins for the money or for the greater good of its species? Another issue that the public has with RWS housing the whale shark exhibit is that whale sharks, which are being held in captivity, have low survival rates due to various reasons, such as limited captive space, stress from being unaccustomed to captive life and so on. Surprisingly, after SPCA...
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...The Cognitive Intelligence Of Bottlenose Dolphins Bottlenose dolphins are considered as one of the most intelligent animals on earth, even compared to humans. Many researchers have taken an interest in dolphins; studying their behaviour for years as to understand the complexity of their cognitive developments. Scientists have been conducting experimental research on a dolphins` cognitive reception, particularly the “adaptable, [and] highly sociable,” (Marino R910) bottlenose dolphins. Through extensive studies, researchers have determined that the bottlenose dolphins are one of the most intelligent due to the fact that they have a well-developed sense of emotional responses, which is an attribute of high cognitive recognition (Marino...
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...Bottlenose dolphins are generally found in the world’s temperate and tropical waters. Some populations can also be found in bays, estuaries, river mouths, coastal waters as well as offshore waters. They are found primarily coastal but also found throughout all oceans, however, temperature seems to limit the range at where they are found either directly or indirectly through distribution of prey (Wells and Scott 1999). Majority of the bottlenose dolphins are found living near harbors and estuaries and has a worldwide distribution that ranges from 45°N to 45°S. They usually travel in groups and live all around the Black, Mediterranean and Baltic seas as well as the Atlantic, Pacific, and Indian oceans. There are two subspecies of the bottlenose dolphin,...
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...The Deepwater Horizon spilled in excess of four million barrels of oil into the Gulf of Mexico. These oil companies discovered they are far from being equipped for accidents such as this. Even though, this killed copious amounts of marine life. In addition, boats and other water vessels powered by fossil fuels kill more marine life each year with the chemicals they dump in the water. Why not stop using oil? Money would be the deciding factor. Organic pollution ingested by the bottom of the food chain is another issue, since it moves up the food chain. They are discovering high levels of these contaminants in the Bottlenose Dolphins. In addition, the dolphin’s first offspring are dying at disturbing rates. Mercury is producing similar...
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...at Cetacean social behaviors and there interaction with one another, more specifically bottlenose dolphins, Atlantic spotted dolphins and sperm whales. While examining these species of dolphins and whales, similarities and differences have been observed as well as interactions between the species. A lot is still unknown about the social interactions these animals may have with one another and what adaptive capabilities they also will try to reconstruct when facing different social systems after critical disturbances in the area. Some observed behavior that was studied include, non-vocal behavior, foraging behavior, sexual behavior, social structure and associating between communities when sharing the same area of habitat. There are observations of these animals mixing...
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...10 True Facts That Prove Dolphins Are Evil Don't letter "Flipper" fool you. These high-pitched, bottle-nosed fiends are the scourge of the seas. ---- They're Part of a Killing Family Killer whales are really dolphins. It's true. They're not actually whales, they just look like them. Orcas and bottlenose dolphins are cousins, of a sort. ---- They Work as Spies More than one government has used dolphins to spy on other countries, Russia even sold combat-trained dolphins to Iran. That's real. http://www.realclear.com/defense/2014/03/26/russians_seize_military_dolphins_6328.html ---- They Engage in Sexual Assault It sounds awful, but it's rather well-known that dolphins frequently engage in sexual activities with each other, even with unwilling partners, and will even move suggestively against other animals...including humans. ---...
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...Amniotes: amniotic egg. Mammals synapomorphy: milk and hair PART II You will be assigned 10 vertebrate organisms. 1. Form initial groups based on similarities and briefly list the characters you used to group them (Write groups here – Ex. Group 1:….; Group 2:…) Group 1: deer, camel, and dolphin because they are all mammals Group 2: tortoise and frog because they are amphibians and both lay eggs Group 3: eagle, curlew, gull because they are all reptilian Group 4: blenny and cod because they fish 2. Visit TOLWEB.org (if not google). For each organism: a. Find a species belonging to that taxon Odocoileus virginianus (White Tailed Deer) Camelus bactrianus (Bactrian camel, two-hump camel) Tursiops truncates (bottlenose dolphin) Haliaeetus leucocephalus (bald eagle) Burhinus capensis (spotted thick-knee curlew) Larus atricilla (laughing gull) Stigmochelys pardalis (leopard tortoise) Kaloula pulchra (bubble frog) Cirripectes auritus (blackflap benny) Lotella rhacina (rock cod) b. Find the class they belong to. Odocoileus virginianus (White Tailed Deer) Class: Mammalia Order: Artiodactyla Camelus bactrianus (Bactrian camel, two-hump camel) Class: Mammalia Order: Artiodactyla Tursiops...
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...Brandon Farrow Mrs. Cox English 1 11/11/13 Navy Dolphins Dolphins are smart and amazing creatures. Scientists say they might almost be smarter than humans; they adapt really quick to their environment. The Navy is one branch of the United States armed forces that conducts military operations at sea. The Navy has programs with animals to help them protect the nation. The Navy and dolphins work together to control warfare in the water by using their sonar to track underwater mines and to keep citizens safe. These next paragraphs will explain how the dolphins and navy work together. One of the first dolphins used by the Navy was Tuffy. “Tuf Goy [Tuffy] joined the marine mammal program at Point Mugu in May 1964. By the end of September of 1964, Tuffy was retrieving a ring from the bottom of the lagoon at a depth of 200 feet” (Wood, 1973). In July of 1965, Tuffy was asked to participate in the Sealab II project with his main job being to help with the rescuing of a lost diver. Tuffy had a secondary job also of “carrying small objects-tools, for example-from the surface down to aquanauts working outside the habitat.” (Wood, 1973) “Tuffy repeatedly dove 200 feet to the Sea Lab II installation, carrying mail and tools to navy personal. To prepare for underwater tasks, Tuffy trained for six weeks and “learned to respond to a noise buzzer for the tests” (Presnall, 2002,) Judith Presnall’s book Navy Dolphins (2002), gives a visual image of Tuffy in training for rescuing lost...
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...1 ABSTRACT During diving, marine mammals must rely on the efficient utilization of a limited oxygen reserve sequestered in the lungs, blood and muscles. To determine the effects of exercise and apnea on the use of these reserves, the marine biologists examined the physiological responses of adult bottlenose dolphins (Tursiopstruncatus) trained to breath-hold on the water surface or to dive to submerged targets at depths between 60 and 210 meters. Changes in blood lactate levels, in partial pressures of oxygen and carbon dioxide and in heart rate were assessed while the dolphins performed sedentary breath-holds. The effects of exercise on breath-hold capacity were examined by measuring heart rate and post-dive respiration rate and blood lactate concentration for dolphins diving in some part of Pacific Ocean within the Philippine Area of Responsibility. Ascent and descent rates, stroke frequency and swimming patterns were monitored during the dives. The results showed that lactate concentration was at rest and increased non-linearly with the duration of the sedentary breath-hold or dive. Lactate concentration was consistently higher for the diving animals’ at all comparable periods of apnea. Breakpoints in plots of lactate concentration and blood gas levels against breath-hold duration for sedentary breath-holding dolphins occurred between 200 and 240 seconds. In comparison, the calculated aerobic dive limit for adult dolphins was 268 seconds. Descent and ascent rates ranged...
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...Since the Greek era, scientists have been studying and attempting to determine the structure of an atom. As technology has advanced, several distinct models of the atom were developed allowing scientists to determine the characteristics of the atom and how atoms interact with one another. Approximately 2000 years after Democritus first introduced the atom, John Dalton placed the atom as “solid foothold as a fundamental chemical object.” (De Leon, N.). 1803 – John Dalton proposed a modern theory of the atom Dalton’s Atomic Theory states in general: Matter is composed of atoms. Atoms cannot be divided or destroyed. Each element is composed of identical atoms. Atoms create a chemical reaction when they are rearranged. Physicist Joseph John (J.J.) Thomson discovered the electron after conducting experiments using a highvacuum cathode-ray tube to study electrical discharge. 1904 – “Thomson suggested a model of the atom as a sphere of positive matter in which electrons are positioned by electrostatic forces.” (Joseph John Thomson). 1913 – Niels Bohr introduced the model showing the electrons traveling in orbit around the nucleus of an atom. Bohr’s theory stating that photons are emitted when an electron drops from a higher-energy orbit to a lower one is the basis for quantum theory. Bohr’s model “is still commonly used and taught today as an educational simplification.” (Niels Bohr). On April 20, 2010 an explosion on the Deepwater Horizon oil...
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...These plants move towards the shore line to increase the amount of sunlight they receive to complete the photosynthesis process. By doing so, the sediment collected assists the prevention of erosion, slowing the rate at which land is lost to the sea. ANIMAL: Bottlenose Dolphin STRUCTURAL ADAPTATION: Bottlenose dolphins have adapted to maximise their swimming efficiency by evolving structurally. Their streamlined bodies, dorsal fin, flippers and a tail with flukes are vital in helping them hunt and catch prey and escape from potential predators. Their smooth rubbery skin allows them to move swiftly through the water while the colour of their skin allows them to blend into the habitat. PHYSIOLOGICAL ADAPTATION: To adapt while diving, the bottlenose dolphin slows down its heart rate while increasing the blood supply to the heart and brain and decreasing the supply to muscle tissue. By doing so, the bottleneck dolphin is able to conserve oxygen to allow them to dive and ultimately hunt for longer. BEHAVIOURAL...
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...Beasts and Animals Comparison “Beasts Under the Big Top” by Sena Christian and “When Animals Mourn” by Barbara J. King. The two articles show in contrast the true human and animal behavior to towards animals. In “When Animals Mourn” article, the author explains how animals behave like humans when they grieve. On the other hand, in “Beast under the Big Top” it is shown how humans behave like a beast when it comes from their own benefit. Both of these articles illustrate how animals are more similar than different to humans than many may believe. In the book written by Barbara J. King, she discussed different animals like bottlenose dolphins and how they mourn. It is showed that humans are not the only one that grieves over the loss of their loved ones. During the research, marine biologist Joan Gonzolvo and his colleagues found that after the death of a bottlenose dolphin newborn calf died, the mother became distraught and would not eat for a long time. She also stayed close for her dead calf for days....
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...Throughout history, many researchers have their own unique foundings. One such researcher was Louis Herman, whose research displayed that dolphins could understand and respond to language displayed by sound and visual signals. Dr. Herman was a New York City native who taught two dozen words to two bottlenose dolphins. His dolphins died several days before he died when he was 86 years old. The cause of his death was bile duct cancer. Additionally, he graduated with bachelor's and master's degrees in psychology from City College of New York. In addition, he also received his doctorate from Pennsylvania State in 1961. Dr. Herman changed from a behavioral psychologist studying decision-making to an expert in animal language and oceanography. More...
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...through modifications all through history. An organism development is significant to the existence of the types. As time alters so should the living thing. Without adjusting to these types of modifications the living thing won't exist and vanish. In this document it will be reviewed on the way the dolphin developed into the living thing that it's today to adjust to their surroundings. Dolphins have adapted their anatomic structures to survive in the water environment and so far, the behavior of their respiratory system during diving has not been fully understood, since they being protected species cannot be subjected to invasive analysis (“Experimental and computational biomechanical characterization of the tracheo-bronchial tree of the bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncates) during diving,” 2011). . It is important for every living organism to adapt to the altering eras in order to survive. Dolphins, at one time, may have been dependent on land. They are one of the most ingenious mammals whose friendly appearance fun- spirited approach has made them favored in the human nature. Scientist believes dolphins progressed from land to water because of the altering atmospheres of what was taking place millions of years ago. During this period, they became creatures of the sea to correspond with their habitats. They are known for their speed and pleasurable demeanor. There are several factors several scientists think...
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