...Neurons are just like a system of electrical wirings installed in the body systems. Just like electrical wires, neurons are responsible for the conduction or transmission of all the information produced between the neurons and cells communication. From its name, it is obvious that neurons are excitable parts of the nervous system which assume very important functions. The brain is the central part that makes communication of the different body systems successful with the neurons ‘bridging’ the sending and receiving of signals passing through special receptors, connections and terminals in specific regions of the central nervous system designated to have special function in the messaging processes. Neurons and cells cannot accomplish information transmission job by themselves. For enabling the signals between the neurons and the cells to be relayed, amplified, and regulated, another important component of the central nervous system known as neurotransmitters are required. These neurotransmitters are comprised by different chemicals released at the presynaptic nerve terminal of the neurons where the synapse, which refers to the movement occurring across a small gap between neurons and other cells, serve as facilitators to accomplish effective passing of information between the neurons and other cells involved in the process. As facilitators of communication between the neurons and the cells, neurotransmitters assumes many important functions in the body systems and have involvement...
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...Brain Response of Behavior Neurons are electrical cells found in the nervous system which are responsible for sending information between neurons and the cells. With neurons, all body systems are able to talk with the brain through sending and receiving signals. A connection with the specific regions of the central nervous system is found. In order to get to where they are going, neurotransmitters are needed by the neurons so that signals between a neuron, and a cell are relayed, modulated and amplified. Neurotransmitters are chemicals released by a neuron at the presynaptic nerve terminal by which movement across a small gap called synapse facilitates accomplishment of communication of information between the neurons and the other cells. Neurotransmitters play major roles in regulating moods, emotions, affects, sensory functions, and perception giving it a impact on behavior. Common neurotransmitters that can affect the behavior are dopamine, serotonin, and norepinephrine . Dopamine gets released in different parts of the brain. Natural factors like food, sex, and drugs are usually where dopamine is released. Dopamine has stimulating effects with many functions which include roles in behavior and cognition, motivation and pleasure, sexual arousal, sleep regulation, mood, attention, motor activities, and learning. Serotonin controls mood and behavior such as sexual behavior and hallucinogenic behavior, appetite, sleep, memory, and learning. Norepinephrine distributes...
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...Comp 1A September 3, 2014 How the Brain is Like a Colony of Ants: Response In Edward O. Wilson’s educational article, “On Free Will-And How the Brain is Like a Colony of Ants”, Wilson compares the brain, the mind, and consciousness to a community of ants. Through this analogy, Wilson portrays the human brain as an extremely elaborate organ. In its complexity and in all of its contributing parts, the brain is indeed similar to a colony of ants. Like the many individual ants working towards a common goal, the human brain relies on many neurons to function. Figuratively speaking, each neuron is like a separate ant. The brain can’t run without the nerve cells, just as the community of insects can not survive without ants digging, transporting food, and providing for the queen ant. The brain, in this analogy, is the queen ant. Wilson further supports the correlation by stating, Every part, whatever it...
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...Brain Response of Behavior BEH/225 December 15, 2013 This paper will explain the communication process of the neurons in the brain, the major regions of the brain and what functions of behavior the systems of each region control, and the sensory process. Part I There are 100 billion neurons in your brain. They are the basic building block of the nervous system. They are also known as nerve cells. There are three parts to a neuron, the dendrites, the cell body and the axon. Using electrical and chemical signals neurons convey information; this process is the foundation for brain function. Neurons need to transmit information within the neuron and from one neuron to the next. To do this they use electrical signals and chemical messengers. Dendrites receive information from sensory receptors or other neurons. The information is then passed down to the cell body and on to the axon. It then travels down the length of the axon as an electrical signal. This is known as an action potential. Action potential is also known as the nerve impulse. It sweeps down the axon reaching speeds up to 200 miles per hour. There is a microscopic space between two neurons that messages must pass. This space is called a synapse. When an action potential reaches the tips of the axon terminals, neurotransmitters are released into the synaptic gap (Coon & Mitterer, n.d.). Sometimes electrical signal can bridge the gap. If not the neurotransmitters are needed to send the information. Neurotransmitters...
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...Refera The Pre-Referral Process: Positive Behavior Interventions and Supports (PBIS) /Response to Intervention (RTI) Anika M. Taylor Special Education Foundations and Framework February 20, 2013 Schools and entire districts have embarked on multiple strategies to address challenging areas for students with disabilities and those at risk for behavioral and academic failures. Over the years, educators and policymakers have recognized the need to create, implement, and document practices that have proven to make an impact on student learning and behaviors. Many of the strategies used have focused on the collection of data and the collaboration between and amongst professionals. Today, educators agree that the key to effective interventions for students at risk for failure and those with disabilities lies in a comprehensive approach that fosters growth in student overall learning and behaviors. Several approaches were designed to meet the challenges that students experience as they engage in their learning. These approaches include two processes outlined in this discussion: Response to Intervention (RTI) and Positive Behavioral Intervention Support (PBIS). Response to Intervention (RTI) integrates assessments and intervention within a school wide, multi-level prevention system to maximize student achievement and reduce behavior problems. The RTI process helps to identify students for poor learning outcomes, provide evidence based interventions and...
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...The Reality of Quick Response (QR) in the Japanese Fashion Sector and the Strategy Ahead for the Domestic SME Apparel Manufacturers Nobby (Nobukaza) Azuma School of Management Heriot-Watt University UK E-mail: nobukaza@aol.com N.Azuma@hw.ac.uk Fax: +44-(0) 131-451-3498 Abstract Quick Response (QR) has long been perceived as the essential survival strategy of the textile and apparel (T-A) manufacturers in the developed economies against offshore competition. However, the regionalization of global economies and active governmental investment in the T-A industry in the offshore countries has allowed the offshore QR to become increasingly feasible. This changing facet of QR may spell out more lucrative opportunities for Japanese "apparel firms", which have predominantly in-house creative and marketing functions, to widen the scope and the scale of their fashion business operations, since the economic upgrading in the Pacific Rim will create a huge consumer market that shares similar fashion trends as in the Japanese market. However, the apparel firms' production shift offshore has, on the other hand, threatened the existence of the domestic SME apparel manufacturers that have traditionally served their apparel firms customers, now that QR is no longer the sustainable competitive advantage of domestic manufacturing. The purpose of this paper is to explore the levels of QR implementation, identifying the potential pitfalls and drawbacks of the current QR initiatives in the Japanese...
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...as the Stroop effect. Studying this gives insight into the human mind. It can show how we handle interference across a number of different situations or how our automatic processes interact with and affect our controlled processes. The cause of the Stroop effect has been widely debated and researched over the years. Some researchers believe the cause is due to the fact that reading is such a well learned or even over learned process that it becomes automatic. When asked to identify ink colors of words reading the word causes distraction because reading is done much more often than naming ink colors. But where is the exact interference occurring in this process and why? It has been suggested that the interference occurs at the output or response stage as an individual struggles to express the correct color word from alternatives. Others believe the interference happens during encoding as an individual analyzes the word and is distracted from ink color. Still others would say it happens somewhere between the encoding and the output. All of these suggestions have various criticisms. The search for the correct answer to this phenomenon continues. Literature Review In an attempt to determine where the interference was taking place, Naish (1985) designed two experiments, the first to see if the interference occurred earlier than the output stage and the...
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...submitted satisfaction surveys during the previous year and to see what the expected number of responses should be in comparison with our peers. Methodology From January to June, 100 patient satisfaction surveys were placed throughout our facility advising patients to take one. These surveys had return envelopes attached to them, without paid postage. One designated individual was responsible for maintaining these surveys so as we could determine the number of surveys that were taken. The surveys that were placed in our office were printed on gray paper. Goal The goals of this study are to receive a comparable percentage of patient satisfaction survey responses in comparison with our facilities. Comparison/Benchmarks A 30% to 35% response rate is satisfactory according to a study, “Survey Response Rates and Overall Patient Satisfaction Scores,” published in the Journal of Nursing Care Quality 2003 Jul-Sept. And the Patient Survey Website June 2011 Article “What Does Patient Response Mean?”. Results At the end of the 6 month period, January to June, there were 71 surveys remaining of the original 100 placed throughout our facility by which we determined that 39 surveys had been taken. We received only 6 surveys back during this time period. This is a response rate of 15% which is 20% lower than our benchmarks. In attempts to increase the number of patient satisfaction survey responses we are getting, beginning in June, we will have our “Patient Satisfaction Survey” available...
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...THE UNIFORM TEXAS CPA EXAMINATION: REQUIREMENTS AND PROCESS Prepared for Dr. Newman by Stefanie Chen October 19, 2015 CONTENTS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY……………………………………………………………………..ii INTRODUCTION…………………………………………………………………………........1 REQUIREMENTS TO APPLY FOR AND SIT FOR THE TEXAS CPA EXAM…….............1 Moral character………………………………………………………………………….1 Degrees&150 hours…………………………………………………………………......2 Accounting, business, and ethics courses…………………………………………….....2 FOUR SECTIONS AND TEST STRUCTURES………………………………………….........5 Coverage and structure………………………………………………………………….5 THE RULES, TESTING WINDOWS, AND SITES……………………………………...........6 Rules…………………………………………………………………………………….6 Testing window………………………………………………………………………….6 Testing center……………………………………………………………………………6 PREPARE FOR AND TAKE THE UNIFORM CPA Exam…………………………………….7 Courses and options……………………………………………………………………...8 Taking the Uniform CPA Exam under rules…………………………………………….9 Receiving scores…………………………………………………………………………9 ADDITIONAL REQUIREMENT FOR TEXAS CPA…………………………………...........10 Submit a licensure application…………………………………………………………10 Ethics exam……………………………………………………………………………..10 Work experience in Texas……………………………………………………………...10 BENEFITS TO BECOME A TEXAS CPA…………………………………………………..11 CONCLUSIONS……………………………………………………………………………….11 WORKS CITED…………………………………………………………………………….....11 EXHIBITS AND NOTES……………………………………………………………………...12 APPENDIXES…………………………………………………………………………………17 Appendix 1-Application of Intent…………………………………………………...
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...exists more as an ideal and less as an achievable condition. Environmental factors, internal or external stimuli, continually disrupt homeostasis; an organism’s present condition is a state in constant flux wavering about a homeostatic point that is that organism’s optimal condition for living. Factors causing an organism’s condition to waver away from homeostasis can be interpreted as stress. A life-threatening situation such as a physical insult or prolonged starvation can greatly disrupt homeostasis. On the other hand, an organism’s effortful attempt at restoring conditions back to or near homeostasis, oftentimes consuming energy and natural resources, can also be interpreted as stress. In such instances, an organism’s fight-or-flight response recruits the body’s energy stores and focuses attention to overcome the challenge at hand. The ambiguity in defining this...
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...chose for this assignment is from the New York Times and is titled “Brain is a Co-Conspirator in a Vicious Stress Loop” and it discusses the effects that chronic stress can have on the human brain. It’s well known that stress is a fairly natural response to stimulus around us. It is our flight or flight response, which largely contributes to the continued success of the human race. When this stress becomes chronic and doesn’t allow a person to return to their normal, homeostatic state, we then begin to see problems. Chronic stress has been shown to be a major contributor to physical and psychological issues including heightened blood pressure, depression, and even an increased...
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...Within the skull lies the most complex organ known to mankind -- the human brain. With a mass of only 6 kilograms, the brain contains over 100 billion living cells and 1 million kilometers of interconnecting fibers; but, exactly how does it function? Marketing and sales managers would love to know why consumers are attracted to certain advertising, packaging and brands. Martin Lindstrom, author of Buyology: Truth and Lies About Why We Buy, explains the marketing challenge, “When we walk down an aisle in a grocery store, our purchasing decisions are made in less than four seconds…there is no way we can think about that in a complete way. Those decisions take place in the subconscious part of the brain” (2008). The drive behind neuromarketing is to discover how consumers are actually responding to marketing messages, not how they report they are responding, or will respond. Neuromarketing studies consumers' response to marketing stimuli and matches that response to different areas of the brain. This research will explore neuromarketing history, levels of the brain, neuroimaging techniques used, advertising effectiveness of neuromarketing and some challenges facing this new field. History In 1991, Dr. David Lewis-Hodgson, Minilab chairman and director of research, began Neuromarketing research in the United States, after stumbling upon it when he was researching treatments for phobic anxiety and stress (Lewis, 2010). Shortly after, marketers from large companies such as Coca-Cola...
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...Brain Structures and Functions Worksheet PSY/340 Version 3 University of Phoenix Material Brain Structures and Functions Worksheet Provide a brief description (25 to 75-words) for each of the following functions. Include a brief summary of each function in your descriptions. 1. Basal ganglia - The Basal ganglia is located within the cerebral hemispheres which is located in the cerebral hemispheres. The Basal ganglia controls cognition, movement coordination and voluntary movement. 2. Corpus callosum - The Corpus collosum is a thick band of nerve fibers. The fibers divide the cerebrum into right and left hemispheres and it also connects allowing both hemispheres to communicate. The functions of the corpus collosum are; eye movement, the balance and arousal of attention and tactile localization. 3. Temporal lobe - The temporal lobe is one of the four main lobes of the cerebral cortex. The functions of the temporal lobe are; auditory perception, memory, speech and emotional responses. 4. Occipital lobe - The occipital lobe is another one of the four main lobes of the cerebral cortex. The functions of the occipital lobe are; visual perception and color recognition. 5. Frontal lobe - The frontal lobe is one of the four lobes of the cerebral cortex as well and its functions are; problem solving, decision making and planning. 6. Cerebrum - The cerebrum is the biggest part of the brain and also the most developed part of the brain. The functions of the cerebrum...
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...various stimulation is not equally distributed. Lips and Fingertips * Very sensitive to touch and pressure Skin Tissue * Sensitive to pain when pinched or pricked. Calf of the leg * Sensitive to cold VESTIBULAR SENSATION This is the sense of balance that gives information about one’s body as a whole and its position in relation to the pull of gravity and balance. Vestibular Apparatus * Located in the inner ears which are composed of vestibular sacs and semicircular canals Vestibular sacs & Semicircular canals * Thin tubes filled with fluid that moves and presses on hairlike receptors whenever the head rotates. Messages that pass through these canals are converted to neural impulses that are carried to the brain. KINESTHETIC REACTION Proprioceptors are the Kinesthetic Receptors * Found in the muscles, tendons and joints. * Related to the posture of the body...
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...What is the Nervous System: The nervous system is a complicated network of cells and nerves that co-ordinates its action by sending signals to and from different parts of the body [1]. These nerves and cells carry messages to and from the brain and spinal cord to various parts of the body. [3] The nervous system consists of two main parts which are: 1-The Central nervous system. 2-The Peripheral nervous system. To start with, the Central nervous system is made of two main parts which are the Brain and the Spinal Cord. The brain is positioned inside the skull, and it contains cells called the neurons and supporting cells called the glia. The brain also has two types of matter inside it which are grey matter and whit matter. Each one of them...
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