...details and examples that will express and illustrate your understanding. * Ask and answer discovery questions – 1. What do I already know about this subject? 2. Why would someone else want to know about this subject? 3. What kinds of details and examples make it easier for me to understand this subject? 4. What’s the most interesting aspect of this subject? * Free writing - is a no-holds-barred prewriting technique that involves writing down all your ideas on a subject for a set period of time-typically ten minutes. 1. Write everything that comes to mind. 2. If you feel blocked write something like “I can’t think” or “I’m stuck here” 3. Highlight, underline, or circle your best ideas. * Brainstorming- Is a far less expansive technique than free writing. 1. Concentrate on a subject 2. Make a list of every idea directly connected to that subject. 3. A set time limit isn’t necessary. 4. You can also brainstorm using your computer, darken the screen so you cannot see what you write. 5. Print the list, highlight, underline or circle ideas you think have potential writing topics. * Clustering –is a visual prewriting technique that shows connections among the ideas you develop. 1. Write a general idea in the middle of the page and circle it. 2. As you think of a related idea or detail, write it down and circle it. 3. Draw a line connecting the ideas. 4. Continue this process. Use alarm Use...
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...into divergent and convergent techniques. Divergent techniques aim at generating a high number of ideas in order to have a wide range of possible solutions to choose from. In comparison, convergent techniques deal with a certain problem and search step-by-step for a single right solution.1 In the beginning of this paper I want to explain one divergent concept in detail and briefly introduce a few other techniques. Afterwards I will focus on a convergent solution and shortly explore some more approaches. Moreover, I will explore examples of problem solving techniques in reality. To complete the picture I will explain my personal view on creativity in the end. Divergence vs. Convergence The Techniques Divergence Brainstorming...
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... | Brainstorming: Aid to creativity | Contents: 1. Abstract ……………………………………………………………. 2 2. Introduction ………………………………………………………...3 3. Terms and concepts ………………………………………………..4 4. Brainstorming as an aid to creativity …………………………….4 5. Individual and group brainstorming ……………………………..5 6. Challenges to effective brainstorming …………………………....6 7. Advantages of group brainstorming in an organization ………...7 8. Disadvantages of group brainstorming in an organization ……..8 9. Why organizations still use brainstorming in spite of its drawbacks ………………………………………………………….....8 10. Should an organization use brainstorming? ……………………9 11. Conclusions ……………………………………………………....10 12. References ………………………………………………………..11 Abstract: In an organization, knowledge or idea exchange is an important function of groups in solving problems. Under the right conditions, the idea exchange process in groups may be an important means for enhancing creativity and innovation in organizations Creativity will help to solve a wide range of management problems. Brainstorming is use for creativity and amassing of ideas from the group. It is found that the idea sharing in groups can be productive in getting things done. Research has found that significantly fewer ideas were produced by groups than by individuals. In spite of its shortcoming organization use brainstorming for developing creative ideas to solve problems down the line till now after 60 years of its inception. It is because group brainstorming is more...
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...The writing process in this class differs from prior writing processes I have used in the past. For example generally I just am the type of writer who just sits at a computer and starts typing. Now there are several different steps that are given to complete an effective essay. I often find myself using free writing and brainstorming to write down my thoughts and ideas on a topic. This seems to be the process easiest for me since it is like writing in a journal and I still do that. I like to research my facts and main sources to support a topic I am writing about. This gives me as a writer the feeling I have gather the facts first. I want my readers to consider my point of view and then come to their own conclusion from my reading. I believe this is why free writing and brainstorming are easiest for me to do. The most difficult writing process is clustering and mind mapping for me personally. I have never been much of a fan of drawing and putting my thoughts in circles and drawing lines would just confuse me. It could be that I am just so adjusted to how I write and would rather not try new ways. To overcome this nerve racking use of mind mapping and become a better writer I should attempt to try new writing processes. I can map out my ideas in a more organized manner and not be searching through my notes for my...
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...Kaibin Wang Fraud Examination Report To: Chief Executive Officer of Vortex From: Kaibin Wang Re: Examination of Potential Misappropriation Date: 03/29/2015 Introduction: Vortex is a small manufacture company which makes office furniture. It has $300,000 of over-budget annual payroll. I have been retained by Vortex to be a Certified Fraud Examiner to help them detect if there is any fraud in this company. Question: A. What items would you discuss in your brainstorming sessions to prepare for this audit? Where the $300,000 go? Where these cost come from? Who can touch this money? Is there any loophole in the internal control process? Does the IT department have a well design system of safeguard? Is there any outside party which may did some mistake? B. What schemes would you be concerned about? Did Dana misappropriate all or part of the $300,000 over-budget payroll because she buys new cars and has other big cost which beyond her means? Did the third party help hide or join the fraud because Dana sent the files to ADP? Did any employee or someone else make any illegal changes or action by stealing the password of personnel files since the password is very weak? If there is a fraud, does it meet all the requirements of fraud triangle? C. What evidence (direct or circumstantial) will help prove or disprove your hypothesis? 1. it’s abnormal that Dana recently has so many high living costs which may there is a potential...
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...Generation in Teams: A Comparison of Computer-Mediated and Face-to-Face Communication DAVID S. KERR Department of Accounting, Mays School of Business, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843-4353, USA (E-mail: d-kerr@tamu.edu) UDAY S. MURTHY School of Accountancy, University of South Florida, 4202 E. Fowler Avenue BSN3403, Tampa, FL 33620-5500, USA (E-mail: umurthy@coba.usf.edu) Abstract Many tasks and decisions in business, including management consulting, are performed in group settings. Computer-mediated communication (CMC) tools (e.g., Lotus Notes) are increasingly being used by businesses to support teams in a variety of settings. Considerable research in information systems has demonstrated the advantages of “electronic brainstorming” (EBS) for generic tasks involving only divergent thinking. However, it is unclear whether the benefits of CMC extend to tasks that require both divergent and convergent processes. Per task–technology fit theory (TTF) (Zigurs and Buckland 1998), the use of computer-based group communication support tools, including “chat” systems in wide-spread use today, may be less effective for convergent processes than for divergent processes. This study experimentally compares the performance of computer-mediated and face-to-face (FTF) teams on tasks requiring both divergent and convergent processes. Consistent with theoretical predictions, the results revealed that computer-mediated teams outperformed FTF teams in the divergent aspects of the tasks...
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...SAS 99 AND ITS CHALLENGES TO THE ACCOUNTING PROFESSION Submitted by: Ronneil I. Capones Consideration of Fraud in a Financial Statement Audit, also known as Statement on Auditing Standard 99 was issued in November 2002. It is a revision to improve the deficiencies of SAS 82 with regards to audit process and quality (Marczewski and Akers, 2005, p. 38). The revision of SAS 82 was started prior to the huge accounting scandals that shook public confidence in the reliability of audits. Nevertheless, it gave the accounting profession more focus on tackling the issues of fraud detection on audits Three key fraud risk factors are classified and described in SAS 99; incentive/pressure to perpetrate fraud, opportunity to carry out the fraud, and attitude/ability to rationalize the fraudulent action. Incentives or pressure to perpetrate fraud may arise from the threat of losing profitability as a result of failures in the industry, declining product demand, frequent negative cash flows from operations, threat of losing job because of pressure from management to meet analysts’ expectations are a few examples (Casabona and Grego, 2003, p. 17). Opportunities to carry out fraud are characterized by the following conditions; abundance of transactions with related parties not within the normal course of business, unusual complex transactions coupled with subjective judgments, ineffective monitoring by management, board of directors, and audit committee (Casabona and Grego, 2003, p.17)...
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...Chapter 2 Abstract 3 Chapter 3 Acknowledgements 4 Chapter 4 Table of Contents 5 Chapter 5 Aim of the Project 6 Chapter 6 Introduction 7 Chapter 7 Overview and Research methods 8 Chapter 8 What is Brainstorming? 9 Chapter 9 Rules of Brainstorming 10 Chapter 10 Traditional Brainstorming 11 10.1 Preparation 11 10.1.1 Appoint a suitable Facilitator 11 10.1.2 Suitable Venue & atmosphere 11 10.1.3 Arrange Participants 12 10.1.4 Preparation of Materials 12 10.2 Carrying out the Traditional Brainstorm Session 12 10.2.1 Describe the Problem 12 10.2.2 Time Limit, Rules & Problem 12 10.2.3 Brainstorm 13 10.2.4 Evaluate & Categorize Ideas 13 Chapter 11 Brainstorming on the Internet 15 11.1 Preparation 15 11.2 Carrying out the Brainstorm Session on the Clouds 15 11.2.1 Broaden the problem 15 11.2.3 Present the content 15 11.2.4 Publish to Online media 16 11.2.4 Brainstorming 18 11.2.5 Feedback & evaluation 18 Chapter 12 Benefits of Brainstorming on the Internet 19 12.1 Builds Team from various cultural and races 19 12.2 Unlimited participants for Unlimited Ideas 19 12.3 May not have conflicts between participants 19 12.4 Quick and easier 19 12.5 Saves Time & Resources 20 12.6 Easy Access to Information, Resources & Popularities 20 12.7 Avoid Risks of bad brainstorming session 21 12.8 Filter out the necessary details easily 21 12.9 “Capture better ideas and create better solutions. 21 Chapter 13 Conclusions & Evaluation 22 Chapter 14 References 23 Chapter 15...
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...problems and perspectives and more able to connect what they learn to their personal experiences and knowledge; invention also helps writers or speakers narrow a topic, clarify a thesis, develop ideas, or find arguments. In addition, once some preliminary reading or drafting is done, invention techniques can help he writer or speaker to refocus. Finally, these techniques are helpful for students who are blocked. Not all invention techniques are suited to all communication tasks. Encourage students to experiment with these strategies to find out which work for them. Clustering For those who need a visual picture of their ideas, clustering (also called visualizing) is a helpful method of invention. Clustering can be done as a part of brainstorming groups (see below) or by students working alone. What follows is a procedure for clustering to provide to students: 1. Write a word related to the topic in the middle of a page and circle it. 2. Think of other words that come to mind when you think of the word. Let your mind be playful. Don’t judge or evaluate; just let the words flow. 3. As you write other words, circle them. 4. If you draw a blank thinking of more words, draw lines between the words you have written that are similar and draw arrows when one word leads to another. 5. Don’t think or analyze too long about any word or connection. 6. Continue this activity from two to five minutes. 7. Look through your cluster to get an idea of where to...
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...University of South Australia School of Computer and Information Science INFS 1014 (105292): Information Systems Professional Practice (ISPP) Practical Week 11 MIND MAPPING YOUR BUSINESS REPORT CASE STUDY INSTRUCTIONS TO STUDENTS All students – Work through all activities and ensure you have completed all checkpoints. Internal students – Show each finished checkpoint to your practical supervisor who will mark it off as complete. External students – Complete all activities electronically within this document (where applicable). Email the checkpoints email account listed on the course website when you have completed all tasks and checkpoints so they can be checked and marked off as complete by your tutor. For the subject of the email, please write “Practical Week 11 checkpoints”. Post any questions you may have to the External Discussion Forum. TASKS 1. Using the following mind mapping software, http://wisemapping.com/c/home.htm, create a mind map of the case study you are working on for your business report. Your mind map should reflect the case study, i.e. it should be a visual representation of the written case study. 2. Save your mind map. 3. Use the “Collaboration” functionality to “Share” your mind map with your team members. 4. Print your mind map. 5. Explore the export options available for your mind map. [CHECKPOINT1 – exercise completed and mind map shown/provided to supervisor] 6. Logout. 7. Note: Your team must submit one mind map of the...
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...Riordan Human Resources Bobby Wilson BSA\375 November 7, 2011 Human Resources The system that Riordan has in place has several areas that need to be upgraded in order to bring it up to today’s standards. Although this system seems to work for the time being it is far from being adequate to keep up with the demands of a growing company at this stage. Because of the importance of the functions that this system is responsible for it is essential that a new system be implemented. The proposed design method that will be used in this overhaul will be the Top-Down method because it will allow the design team to thoroughly examine the existing system, and test new ideas that will work within a new system. This is an approach that has been successfully implemented in other manufacturing environment. It seems to work so well because it makes it easy for the design team to break the functions into smaller tasks and test at that that level for functionality. Testing at the sub system level could provide very good data that can be used at all the subsequent levels of the design. One of the first tasks that the design team has to deal with is to decide what type of architectural information that they should from the existing system to integrate into the new system. As stated earlier there are some good points in the system that Riordan has in place already. It will still be responsible for the same functions before the changeover such as: ...
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...The five stages of group development are basic elements needed to be a successful empowering group. There are forming, storming, norming, performing and adjourning. I believe that forming is the act of coming to together. Forming a group of people who may be alike in different ways or just the complete opposite. Being alike in a group has nothing to do with being successful. Forming is to organize, put in place or arrange. So being different may just be great help in any group. In this way the group may all have different talents to express and organize to make everyone fit perfectly. Storming is similar to brainstorming; in addition storming in this case is performing with storm and with great energy. I’m not actually sure if it’s to come together as a group and brainstorm. Really listen to each other, understand how each other thinks. It could also mean the group expressing their different ideas. As a successful group speed is a good key to have, here this helps as I mentioned earlier. Norming to me sounds as if the group would try to be normal. The meaning is kind of similar to what I think norming is. I’ve learned that it means it’s where the group calms down, really try to get to know each other and adjusts to one’s attitude. How they handle things, carry themselves and their behavior. I never knew what norming meant and now it makes perfectly sense. Performing is an act of display, showing others how well the group works together. As a group your...
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... Gary Crum Decisions in Paradise II Before taking action on Kava, we must formulate a plan to reach our objectives. I believe AT&T would benefit by using the brainstorming technique to help us come up with ways to increase our presence in Kava. Although our objective is clearly defined, our course of action is still vague. Brainstorming is a very effective technique at identifying solutions by allowing a group to analyze, polish, and agree on the best course of action. This technique also allows everybody participating to understand the plan completely so it can be carried out effectively. Before we can begin the brainstorming process I propose a group should be assembled consisting of some of our international relations specialists and some management candidates from Kava. Research indicates that if we want to avoid falling into groupthink and have the best results we should have a diverse group perform the brainstorming process (Jusko, 2001). Including people from Kava in the brainstorming process could give us some insight and valuable information only the people from Kava would know. After the group is decided upon, we can begin brainstorming by doing the following: Brainstorming Process 1. Define and agree the objective. 2. Brainstorm ideas and suggestions having agreed a time limit. 3. Categorize/condense/combine/refine. 4. Assess/analyze...
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...Based on the finding from the researched and evaluation of the country, Company X will have to make a command decision to move forward with the business plan. What kind of plan can be put in place that would be in the best interest of company, which will not only provide great care, help the economy, but also allow the company to make a profit? A panel will have to put together to make a decision on the company goals after decoding all the data that has been gathered. First, looking MGO has decided to expand their presence on the South Pacific island of Kava. The executive team determined that the most cost effective option to achieve this is to build a community center. This paper will describe the ultimate implementation plan, attend to factors affecting the implementation and discuss ethical questions brought up by stakeholders and the island residents. MGO has made the choice to expand to Kava in order to support and promote the economy of that population. Our executives believe that building a community center for the island most closely aligns with this goal by allowing the current island residents to support the venture and receive the benefits the community center offers. The project presents us with three key factors affecting implementation: company image, construction costs and the environment. MGO is known for their exceptional quality of service. One part of their philosophy states “Within a culture supportive of personal growth and continuous learning...
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...I think of creativity for the most part as how to come up with new and useful ideas, which aligns with the first principle; new ideas are composed of old fundamentals (Lau & Chan, 2004). As I read this statement, it reminded me of a company I previously worked for. In efforts to build morale in the work place, they comprised a new team of team leads to review certain processes currently implemented in the company. I was part of this team and what I noticed is that each member of the team processed and evaluated invoices differently. As we all shared our different ways, we were able to come up with a new way to process the invoices effectively based off all our old ways of processing. I would use this same method when trying to create morale in a community because this allows everyone to, brainstorm and even vent about other problems together. The next principle I would apply is Lau & Chan’s (2004), principle that not all ideas are on par; the two further explained this principle sometimes suggested that creativity often requires going against the usual conventions, and that new and important ideas might be lost if one is too critical. I believe that in developing groups and asking them to creatively develop a plan; the group must have this mindset and ideas will all happen on different levels. They must also understand that no idea is good or bad and all should be considered. Again, allowing each member to communicate on a different level and develop a different moral...
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