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Excerpt from FS Series #11 – innovations in financial services delivery: branchless banking

C3. Case 3: Eko India Financial Services Private, Ltd.

C3a. Background & Environment

India has 80,000 bank branches, 110,000 cooperatives (one in every five villages), and 150,000 post offices. It is estimated that each branch serves about 15,000 people in urban areas and 32,000 people in rural areas (World Bank, 2009). Consequently, less than 60 percent of the adult population has a bank account and less than 14 percent has a loan with a bank.

Microfinance services tend to be concentrated in southern states (e.g., Andhra Pradesh and Karnataka). In 2009, the Self-Help Group-Bank Linkage Program[1] covered 45.2 million households. Non-bank finance companies and NGOs — both MFIs — now reach 22.6 million clients, of whom 17.9 million are active borrowers (Sa Dhan, 2009).

In January 2006, the Reserve Bank of India issued new guidelines (Reserve Bank of India/2005-06/288) allowing banks to employ business facilitators and BCs to promote financial inclusion and improve outreach. The facilitators would primarily be involved in processing and opening accounts. In addition to facilitator functions, BCs should mobilize deposits and disburse credit on behalf of the bank.

C3b. The Eko Business Model

Eko India Financial Services Private Ltd. is a start-up company established in mid-2007 with the goal of bringing financial inclusion to the financially underserved middle- and low-income population in India. Because Eko is a technology provider, it is not allowed under the law to act as a BC, so the founders also established a nonprofit Section 25 company, Eko Aspire Foundation, to perform this role.

In February 2009, the CGAP Technology Program, co-funded by the Gates Foundation, provided a one-year, $1.78-million grant to Eko to support the creation of an agent

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