...customers. Market are customers. The marketing process : 1 – Analysis => SWOT analysis - company strenghs & weaknesses (internal analysis) - market opportunities & threats (external analysis) 2 – Planification => setting goals => designing strategies 3 – Implementation => implementing Marketing mix strategies 4 Ps : Product, price, place, promotion 4 – Control => making sure strategies have delivered expected results Global marketing Global marketing is the coordination of marketing activities across various countries that satisfy customers needs. To go global : selling products on a worldwide basis. A) Why do firms go global ? Brand image : a set of mental representations that customers have about the brand. Survival and growth - limited growth in domestic markets eg (équivalent de exemple : exempli gracia en latin) : Nestlé - High growth potential in emerging markets emerging markets : have a fast growth eg China's growth rate around 8 %, BRICS Gaining increased competitiveness - Achieving economies of scale - Preempting or countering competitive attacks To preempt (anticiper, prévenir) a (foreign) market : to be the first to enter this market eg : Kodak films preempted the European market Taking advantage of global resources - Raw materials and other supply resources - Labour skills and costs eg : Michelin American I.T (information technology) firms relocate in...
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...I Company Background: Unilever is the parent company of the Skippy brand peanut butter. Unilever is a multi-national company with over 174,000 employees and operates in over 100 countries. Unilever has an annual advertising budget of over $77 million dollars, however it does not break down the budget per business segment. Total sales for Unilever is over $59 billion USD during fiscal year 2008. (Reed Elsevier Inc) II. Brief Introduction: Skippy was founded in 1933, 10 years after the product was initially developed by Joseph Rosefield. Skippy's Peanut Butter is manufactured in a single 158,000 sq ft plant in Little Rock, Arkansas. They produce over 10 million cases of Skippy per year and have a total of 72 different SKU's produced for global consumption. They use over 1.2 billion peanuts a day and each 18 oz jar contains 853 full peanuts. (Food & Drug Packaging, 2004) Sales data for Unilever saw overall growth in this business segment in 2008 of 7.9%. Peanut butter sale is included in the Savory, dressings and spreads product area by Unilever and accounted for sales of over $14 billion Euros. (Annual Report and Account 2008, 2008) Skippy is a marketing based organization. The products they develop and market are geared towards meeting customer needs and attempting to differentiate themselves from their competition. Examples of this would include reformulating the Skippy Peanut Butter to have a more "peanutty" taste (Skippy Peanut Butter, 2009) and also developing...
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...KEA's Global Strategy Swedish company IKEA was the world's largest furniture retailer since the early 1990s. It sold inexpensive furniture of Scandinavian design. The company operated in 55 countries with a workforce of 76,000 (the company referred to its workforce as its 'co-workers'). IKEA offered nearly 12,000 items to the home furnishings market worldwide. It sold a wide range of products including furniture, accessories, bathrooms and kitchens at 186 retail stores in 30 countries across Europe, North America, Southeast Asia, Middle East and Australia. IKEA enjoyed high brand equity. | | In 2003, Manhattan US-based Interbrand, a marketing research and consultancy firm, valued the 'IKEA' brand at $6.92 billion and ranked IKEA 43rd on its list of the top 100 most valuable global brands, ahead of Nestle, Harley-Davidson, and Apple.3 | Analysts attributed IKEA's success to its skill in combining good product design and superior quality with an affordable price. IKEA's low-pricing strategy was aimed at young people. For several decades, IKEA had looked for international markets, which were culturally as close as possible to the Scandinavian market. The basic assumption behind IKEA's global strategy was 'one-design-suits-all.' Anders Dahlvig, the CEO of IKEA, had once said, "Whether we are in China, Russia, Manhattan, or London, people buy the same things. We don't adapt to local markets." | IKEA had, in fact, been quite successful with its 'one-design-suits-all' global...
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...developing an effective promotional strategy. The nine steps are figuring out who your company is, deciding on the product, deciding on who we want to attract, what are you trying to accomplish with your strategy, getting the message to the target market, how are you going to say it, how will you present it, taking the message to the audience and determining the effectiveness of the strategy. When determining the promotional identity of our company, we need to determine who the company is. When the company wants to be successful in this, the company’s image and identity must match because some consumers may not image how you see your company. ABSOLUT already has a good brand identity which is why the company is so successful. The second part is deciding who we want to attract for our new product. ABSOLUT is a big brand name and there are many different types of customers. The customers range from people who want to just drink casually at home to the bar in the big city that sells alcohol at their bar or club. In order to attract the target customers, we must market in the right places which will make the strategy the most effective. Once the target market is decided on, we need to figure out what the company is trying to accomplish with this plan. With this promotional strategy, ABSOLUT hopes to reach out to their loyal customers and also new potential customers...
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...From wikipedia: Brand From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia For other uses, see Brand (disambiguation). "Marque" redirects here. For other uses, see Marque (disambiguation). [pic] [pic] The Coca-Cola logo is an example of a widely-recognized trademark representing a global brand. |Marketing | |Key concepts | |Product marketing · Pricing | |Distribution · Service · Retail | |Brand management | |Account-based marketing | |Ethics · Effectiveness · Research | |Segmentation · Strategy · Activation | |Management · Dominance | |Promotional content | |Advertising · Branding · Underwriting | |Direct marketing · Personal sales | |Product placement · Publicity | |Sales promotion · Sex in advertising | |Loyalty marketing · SMS marketing | |Premiums · Prizes ...
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...[pic][pic] Consumer Behaviour Introduction to the brand Dove is a personal care brand owned by Unilever. Dove products are manufactured in the Netherlands, United States, Germany, Ireland and Brazil. The Dove trademark and brand name is currently owned by Unilever. Dove's logo is a silhouette profile of a dove, the colour of which often varies. Dove's products include: antiperspirants/deodorants, body washes, beauty bars, lotions/moisturizers, hair care and facial care products. Dove soap was launched in the United States in 1957, years after Unilever acquired soap factory De Duif (Dutch: The Dove) in The Netherlands, from which the English brand name Dove is derived. Dove has been positioned throughout its history without referring to it as "soap", but as a "beauty bar" with one-fourth cleansing cream. Dove has a great consumer following and has established itself as a premium Soap or rather a beauty bar in the market as well as in the minds of the consumer. [pic] Target Audience The target audience for Dove is basically • Women who want to care for their skin • Who want to look and feel their personal best • Aged 30 – 50 • Beginning to feel the effects of dry skin It has been observed that the core target audience of dove are women who are home makers or are working professionals Mostly they are the middle aged women who want beautiful skin and are not swayed by the fairness which other soaps...
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...gives the larger players a stronger hold as industry leaders (CNBC.com, 2010). However, even these companies, along with all of the others within the soft drink industry face barriers associated with the changing nature and desires of its buyers, geographic and nationalistic trends and tastes and decreasing market share available. Brand identity is a very powerful force within the soft drink industry. It takes an extensive period of time to develop a brand that has recognition and customer loyalty. A well recognized brand will foster customer loyalty and create the opportunity for real market share growth, price flexibility, and above average profitability. It is no surprise that the most recognizable brands within the global economy hold the lion-share of the soft drink market. 29.9% of the market (CNBC.com, 2010). This duopoly holds a stranglehold on the market which is a fierce detractor for entrants. Currently, the biggest threat of entry faced by major competitors within the soft drink industry may be from private label manufacturers (CNBC.com, 2010). Industry leaders Coca-Cola and Pepsi are continually challenged to increase brand loyalty in their core products so that consumers label products. For a new entrant to compete effectively, it would have to be willing to expend the excessive amounts required toward capital investment in order to...
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...University of westminster | WOMAN’S TOILETRY INDUSTRY | Principle’s Of Marketing | Seminar Leader: Jennifer Chang | Word Count: | 12/9/2010 | By Taslima Khanom, Sinem Sisman, Hamda Batah and Zhaneta | Table of Contents 1. Executive Summary 3 2. Terms of reference 3 3. Industry Information 3 4. Overview of adverts 4 5. Segmenting, Targeting and Positioning 5 6. Consumer Buying Behaviour 8 7. Promotion 12 8. Communication strategy 16 9. Price 17 10. Product 18 11. Place 20 12. Critique & Recommendations 22 13. Bibliography 23 14. Appendices 26 1. Executive Summary 2. Terms of reference 3. Industry Information The Cosmetic Toiletry and Perfumery Association annual report (CTPA), (2009) declares ‘Mass toiletries have performed less well with higher growth from units (4.3%) than value (2.5%)’, as seen by the sales figures in Table 1.1. In addition to this Mintel (2010) suggests ‘women spend an average £653.64 a year on beauty products’. Such products include toiletries like cosmetics, fragrances and personal care products as seen in table 1.1. The director of Research at Mintel, Joan Holleran (2009) states "Personal care companies need to focus on value, feel-good benefits and new product innovation to keep shoppers interested" in order to generate sales growth. The distribution channel of the companies within the industry include direct and multiple selling depending on the specific product categories...
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...together with the desire to engineer core product platforms to suit the widest possible range of brands and markets. The Global Consumer Design function is represented in the US Mexico, Europe, India and China. Most of the organisation’s designers operate in brand studios, with 14 major brands and 30 sub-brands supported in this way. Brand studios are responsible for taking the company’s core product platforms, which contain the majority of the product engineering and functionality, and modifying them to suit the language of each individual brand and the specific requirements of its customers. Whirlpool’s Platform Studio, established three years ago, is staffed by designers, engineers, manufacturing and materials specialists. Platform development work typically begins five years before a product reaches the market. This provides an environment where the integrated team can set global standards for colour, materials and finish. They create initial design concepts based on market data, research and information, as well as trends analysis. It is acknowledged that the design outcomes from the Platform Studio find a better fit with some Whirlpool brands over others. The Platform Studio’s role is to reach across to the brand platforms with their design outcomes and work with them to implement and test the concepts. This allows for cost effective modifications to suit diverse brand requirements. Designers Part of the programme to...
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...Besides the benefits from implementing the project, the cost in implementing is also important to be considered. The project would perform well only if we keep eyes on it during all procedures. The appropriate improvement would be proposed during the implementation of project in order to result in better achievement for the company. In conclusion, I would like to note that sales promotion is the element of the promotional mix that is aimed at increasing the volume of products sold via a trial or brand loyalty. The brand loyalty reflects the customer desire to buy the product or service of a given brand and depending on the level of brand loyalty that desire can be different. Sales promotion sends mixed signals with respect to building brand loyalty simply because it is hard to understand the amount of time or products needed to develop a buying habit that reflects brand loyalty. At the same time, sales promotion might be effective in building brand equity, or the existing value and association made by the consumer. Environmental friendly technologies can thus be said to have had a positive effect on motor sports and the world population at large since they have not only reduced pollution thus making the earth a safer place to live but they have also reduced the cost of living. This is in relation to soaring costs of fuel that have characterized the world markets in the recent past. (McKenna, 150-160) Top tier motor sports should therefore be encouraged to implement eco...
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...it is evident that the strategy of these two companies has tilted in favor of the Greenfield investments. There are various factors responsible for both Aldi & Lidl in choosing Greenfield investment as a primary market entry strategy. Some of these factors are as mentioned below: Degree of freedom: Greenfield investment involves setting up business in the manner as perceived by the investors. They are free to choose their own suppliers, channel of distribution and so this freedom allowed the two companies to change required strategy whenever required in order to adapt to different market conditions in different countries. This strategy involves few rules, regulations, licensing issues that allowed the company to cash in on the brand name, which means ability to attract new customers with relatively low costs. Resource & efficiency: Since Germany had already been exploited, the companies¶ seeked for ways of acquiring resources at much lower rates. So by choosing this stategy , , would help them to compete in the markets with major supermarkets and hypermarkets as they could drive down the costs of products that would lead to attracting more cunsumers loyalty . This could enable them to maximize their market share. Other Factors: Political developments: the end of communism 1990¶s allowed for privatization and expanding their business in international fields had become much easier as a result,. Technological aspects: Developments in technology over...
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...The Business Strategy Game COMPETING IN A GLOBAL MARKETPLACE 2012 Edition Player’s Guide Created by Arthur A. Thompson, Jr. The University of Alabama Gregory J. Stappenbeck GLO-BUS Software, Inc. Mark A. Reidenbach GLO-BUS Software, Inc. The Online Edition of The Business Strategy Game is published and marketed exclusively by McGraw-Hill/Irwin, 1333 Burr Ridge Parkway, Burr Ridge, IL 60527 Copyright © 2012 by GLO-BUS Software, Inc. All rights reserved. No part of this document may be reproduced or distributed in any form or by any means, or stored in a database or retrieval system, without the prior written consent of GLO-BUS Software, Inc., including, but not limited to, in any network or other electronic storage or transmission, or broadcast for distance learning. The Business Strategy Game Player’s Guide Welcome to the The Business Strategy Game. You and your co-managers are taking over the operation of an athletic footwear company that is in a neck-and-neck race for global market leadership, competing against rival athletic footwear companies run by other class members. All footwear companies presently have the same worldwide market share and the same market shares in each of the four geographic market regions—Europe-Africa, Asia-Pacific, Latin America, and North America. Currently, your company is selling over 5 million pairs annually. In the just-completed year, your company had revenues of $238 million and net earnings of $25 million, equal...
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...Term Paper Report On Analysis of Environmental Costing Research Submitted To: Asphia Habib ACT202 Section- Submitted By: NAME | ID | | | | | | | Letter of Transmittal 6th December 2012 Ashphia Habib BRAC Business School BRAC University. Dear Ma’am, We are delighted to present the Report on “Environmental Costing and Analysis” of Square Bangladesh. Your instructions have been strictly followed by us to build up a vivid picture of the company’s Environment issues & cost performance as you have mentioned. Yours Sincerely, NAME | ID | | | | | | | Thank You. Executive summary Premier Cement Mills Ltd is one of the leading cement companies of the country. The company was started off by top ranking businessmen who had long years of experience in the cement business. In this report, we have tried to give a complete picture of the cement industry of Bangladesh. For a background, the history of the cement industry has been included. We have also focused on the various stages of the cement industry in our country hi-lighting on some of the important years and legal situations that took place. The ranking of the top ten cement companies have also been given which is followed by a thorough analysis of the cement industry in terms of different Environment issues. The position of the cement industry and Premier...
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...Questionnaire What is Haier Group Haier Group is a Chinese multinational consumer electronics and home appliances company headquartered in Qingdao, Shandong, People's Republic of China. Its products include air conditioners, mobile phones, computers, microwave ovens, washing machines, refrigerators, and televisions. In 2011 the Haier brand had the world's largest market share in white goods, with 7.8 per cent. Haier group is the world's fourth largest home appliance manufacturers, a Chinese brand with most value. Haier have been to 30 countries to establish the localization design center, production base and trading company, the global total employees are more than 50’000 people, It has become a large-scale multinational enterprise group, Haier group in 2007 has achieved turnover RMB 118 billion. In August 2005, Haier was awarded by Britain's financial times "China top ten world-class brand". In 2006, in the Asian Wall Street journal organization selection "Asia top 200 enterprises", Haier group for the fourth year in a row on the "mainland China enterprise comprehensive leadership" charts. Haier has become a world-class brand ranks, its influence is with global market expansion and rapid rise. History of Haier Group The origins of Haier date are back long before the actual founding of the company. In the 1920s, a refrigerator factory was built in Qingdao to supply the Chinese market. After the 1949 establishment of the People's Republic of China, this factory...
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...APPLIED COGNITIVE PSYCHOLOGY Appl. Cognit. Psychol. 20: 1181–1194 (2006) Published online 6 July 2006 in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI: 10.1002/acp.1257 Brand Logo and Name Association: It’s all in the Name HEATHER BUTTLE1* and NIKKI WESTOBY2 1 2 Massey University, New Zealand University of Wales, Bangor, UK SUMMARY Despite the expense of designing and the popularity of using logos to represent brands, there is a paucity of information on how such symbols are processed. This series of experiments used Repetition Blindness (RB) to measure implicit association of logos and names that varied in (1) the abstractness of the logo, and (2) the level of familiarity with the logo. RB is a perceptual phenomenon that occurs when two items, presented in a rapid serial visual presentation (RSVP), are encoded along repeated dimensions (e.g. visual, phonological, semantic) resulting in only one item being perceived (Bavelier, 1994; Buttle, Ball, Zhang, & Raymond, 2005; Kanwisher, 1987). Phonological RB was revealed for both abstract and figurative logos and occurred regardless of familiarity. The results suggest that as long as a consumer has the opportunity to be exposed to the name of a logo then logo-name association learning is a rapid process. Copyright # 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. Companies use logos to convey the unique identity of their products, services, or organizations. A great deal of effort is expended on creating a logo so that it succeeds...
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