...scarce capital, intensive technology, foreign exchange constraints, poor management, corruption and inadequate attention to economic viability and market prospects which has resulted in poor performance of the industries in terms of output and employment (Steel & Webster, 1992). Following an economic recession in the 1980’s which resulted in the retrenchment of workers from the civil service, the rationalization of production in the private sector under the Economic Recovery Programme (ERP) was launched in 1983, and the high population growth rate of 2.6% per annum, coupled with the inability of the medium and large scale enterprises to grow and expand over time to absorb the idle labour, the SMEs has become an important option and alternative source of employment. SMEs have been...
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...GUIDE FOR EXPORTING SMEs EXPORT IMPACT FOR GOOD © International Trade Centre 2009 The International Trade Centre (ITC) is the joint agency of the World Trade Organization and the United Nations. Street address: ITC, 54-56, rue de Montbrillant, 1202 Geneva, Switzerland ITC, Palais des Nations, 1211 Geneva 10, Switzerland +41-22 730 0111 +41-22 733 4439 itcreg@intracen.org http://www.intracen.org Postal address: Telephone: Fax: E-mail: Internet: HOW TO ACCESS TRADE FINANCE A GUIDE FOR EXPORTING SMEs Geneva 2009 ii ABSTRACT FOR TRADE INFORMATION SERVICES 2009 F-04.03 HOW INTERNATIONAL TRADE CENTRE (ITC) How to Access Trade Finance: A guide for exporting SMEs Geneva: ITC, 2009. x, 135 p. Guide dealing with the processes involved in obtaining finance for exporting SMEs – explains the credit process of financial institutions from pre-application to loan repayment; examines the SME sector and barriers to finance, as well as the risks in lending to the SME sector as perceived by financial institutions; addresses SMEs’ internal assessment of financial needs, determining the right financing instruments, and finding the appropriate lenders and service providers; discusses how to approach and negotiate with banks; tackles cash flow and risk management issues; includes examples of real-life business plans and loan requests; includes bibliography (p. 134). Descriptors: Trade Financing, Export Financing, Export Credit, Risk Management, SMEs, Manuals. English...
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...SME defined by SBP as an entity having less than 250 employees and Rs. 300 million revenues. SMEs account for a substantial part of the economy; there are about 3.2 million enterprises in Pakistan, of which about 3 million (93%) are SMEs. SMEs spread across the economy with varying density: see exhibit 1-A for the sector wise division of SME sector. According to a survey conducted by SMEDA, this sector contributes more than 30% to GDP and 25% to the country’s total export earnings, and employs close to 70% of the labor force in the manufacturing industry, services, and trade. Their share in manufacturing value addition is estimated to be around 35%. Small & medium businesses play a very critical role when economies are transiting from low to middle income levels yet Pakistan has paid less attention to the growth and development of this crucial pillar of economy. Our report mainly focuses on the financial constraint to growth of this sector. Capital requirements: According to SMEDA there’re 800,000 SMEs in Pakistan that are eligible for bank loans. Another 2.4 million potential businesses that can’t qualify for bank loans mainly rely on other sources of finance for their business needs. Approximately 89% of working capital and 75% of fixed investments are financed from retained earnings. (See exhibit 1-B) Remaining financing needs are fulfilled from external sources which include family and friends, bank loans and other small sources as depicted in exhibit 2-A. Despite the...
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...SME financing peaked to nearly Rs. 400 billion in 2008 to Rs. 319 billion in June 2010. The number of SME borrowers has come down significantly to 197,808 constituting only about 5.2% of the total number of the borrowers of the banking industry. Credit gap of Rs. 25 billion is causing various SME closures. Cumbersome procedure and delays: Even after providing collateral the loan approval takes well over 6 months. According to a survey conducted by SMEDA most of the SMEs are denied credit by rejecting their movable/immovable properties other than land as collateral. As small business owners in Pakistan are not well educated, they’re unable to meet the stringent standards of banks. Either SMEs don’t apply for bank loans at all, or if they do (10.7%) they’re more likely to be rejected (75%) as compared to large businesses due to absence of established structures. The cost of credit financing: For SMEs access to risk-sharing credit is also difficult because of high costs. The interest rate spread of banks increased from 3% during 1990’s to 8% by the turn of the new millennium. According to a study conducted by ADB, lease financing represents up to 25% of total fixed investment. The cost of funds for leasing companies averaged approximately 18% per annum which is much higher than for banking sector. The report issued by ADB also identifies the difficulties in obtaining export finance as banks require export letters of credit. SMEs being mostly indirect exporters can’t...
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...Institutional Financing of SME in Bangladesh [pic] [pic] TERM PAPER ON Institutional Financing of SME in Bangladesh Submitted By: ID- Program- BBA Premier University, Chittagong Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Bachelor of Business Administration. Submitted To: Ms. Nilufar Sultana Lecturer, Dept. of Finance & Banking, Faculty of Business Studies, Premier University, Chittagong. DATE OF SUBMISSION: /09/2012 Letter of Transmittal Date: To Ms. Nilufar Sultana Faculty of Business Studies Premier University, Chittagong Sub: Letter of Transmitter on Term Paper Dear Madam, This is my pleasure to submit my term paper report on “Institutional financing of SME in Bangladesh” which I was assigned. It was a great opportunity for me to acquire knowledge and experience in respect of the functions, procedures and operational activity, other than my topic of study. I have concentrated my best efforts to achieve the objectives of the assignment study and hope my endeavor will serve the purpose. However, I will always be ready to provide any further clarification that you may require. Sincerely Yours, ID# Program: BBA Batch Number: 16 8th Semester Section: Major:...
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...CHAPTER - 1 INTRODUCTION 1.1 INTRODUCTION TO SMEs Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) have played a significant role world over in the economic development of various countries. Over a period of time, it has been proved that SMEs are dynamic, innovative and most importantly, the employer of first resort to millions of people in the country. The sector is a breeding ground for entrepreneurship. The importance of SME sector is well-recognized world over owing to its significant contribution in achieving various socio-economic objectives, such as employment generation, contribution to national output and exports, fostering new entrepreneurship and to provide depth to the industrial base of the economy. Small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) are the backbone of all economies and are a key source of economic growth, dynamism and flexibility in advanced industrialized countries, as well as in emerging and developing economies. SMEs constitute the dominant form of business organization, accounting for over 95% and up to 99% of enterprises depending on the country. They are responsible for between 60-70% net job creations in Developing countries. Small businesses are particularly important for bringing innovative products or techniques to the market. Microsoft may be a software giant today, but it started off in typical SME fashion, as a dream developed by a young student with the help of family and friends. Only when Bill Gates and his...
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...SME Financing in Bangladesh: Problems and Prospects SME Financing in Bangladesh: Problems and Prospects Prepared for Arafat Rahman Assistant Professor Institute of Business Administration Jahangirnagar University Prepared by Tanjila Sharmin 201301029 Md. Mourshed Uddin 201303006 Naim Ahmad 201403020 Sayeed Ishtiaque Ahmed 201403027 Md. Sazzad Hossain 201403034 Course Participant BUS 501: Managerial Communication (Section-02) WMBA Program Institute of Business Administration Jahangirnagar University December 20, 2014 Letter of authorization November 23, 2014 Course Participant BUS 501: Managerial Communication The purpose of this report is to familiarize you with the basic techniques and principles associated with writing a formal business report so that you can build and enhance this specific written communication skill. This formal report will be coordinated with a formal presentation session on the topic of the report. At a minimum, your report should include information related to the following issues: Introduction to the Industry/Sector/Area – What is the industry/sector/Area? What is the background of the industry/sector/Area in Bangladesh? Who are the major participants? You may show how the industry/sector/area is contributing to the economic development of the country. In this case, you must use industry-related data for the past three years (at least). In case of export-oriented industries...
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...International Journal of Business and Management Tomorrow Vol. 2 No. 7 Scope and Strategies in Financing of SMEs by Banks Onkar Chand Rana, Asst. Professor, Sri Sai University, Palampur, H.P. Professor K. Ravi Sankar, IGNOU, New Delhi Abstract Scope and Strategies in Financing of Small and Medium Enterprises by Banks- a case study of State Bank of India at Pathankot, was conducted with a view to examine the problems of SMEs of Pathankot area, examine the scope of further financing SMEs by Banks in Pathankot area and devise requisite strategies for financing of SMEs by Banks in Pathankot area and thereby increase their SME loans portfolio which would help the banks and ultimately the country to achieve the projections as per Indian vision 2020- a document by the Planning Commission according to which the Industry share in GDP which is 26% at present is projected at 34% and the service sector share which is at present 46%, is projected at 60% by the year 2020. On the analysis of the secondary data, which was obtained from Banks Performa Reports, Annual Returns and Annual Credit Plans, it was observed that huge scope exists for the banks in Pathankot centre for intensive financing of SMEs which is observed from the data that at present CD Ratio at the centre is 58.71% (below the prescribed national average of minimum 60%) and the share of SMEs to total advances being 31.58%, which need to be increased to at least 50%. The primary study was conducted on the basis of random...
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...definition of Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs). Some define them in terms of their total revenue, while others use the number of employees as an indicator. The European Union defines a medium-sized enterprise as one with a headcount of 250, a small firm as one with a headcount of less than 50 and a microenterprise as one with a maximum of 10 employees. The National Board for Small Scale Industries (NBSSI) which is the regulatory body for SMEs in Ghana defines SMEs in terms of both fixed asset and number of employees. It defines an SME as an enterprise with turnover greater than US$200,000 and not more than US$5 million equivalent (NBSSI) The SME market constitutes the vast majority of businesses in Ghana and over the years has evolved to become the key supplier and service provider to large corporations, including multinational and transnational corporations. Principally, SME’s has contributed to: Expanding output; Providing value-added activities in the manufacturing sector; Creating employment opportunities especially in the services sector; Contributing to broadening Ghana‟s export base; Increased competition; Innovation; SMEs are important to almost all economies in the world, especially to those in developing countries. They contribute to productivity and job creation; they serve as a nursery for larger firms constituting the next step for micro enterprises (Palma and Gabriel, 2005). In addition, SMEs tend to be the primary driver for job creation...
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...ENTREPRENEURSHIP CASE STUDY ON SECRET RECIPE PROGRAMME: EXECUTIVE MASTER IN BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION EMBA-Entrepreneurship – Case Study “Secret Recipe” Page 1 Table of Contents I Declaration ..................................................................................................................................... 2 II Executive Summary ..................................................................................................................... 3 III Abstract ........................................................................................................................................ 4 1.0 Company Description .................................................................................................................. 5 2.0 Challenges of Getting Business .................................................................................................. 8 2.1 Startup & Capital ......................................................................................................................................... 8 2.2 Identity or Branding .................................................................................................................................... 8 2.3 Expansion or Growth ................................................................................................................................... 8 3.0 Setting Up The Business ....................................................................
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...lastly the constant rivalry among competitors. Understanding these five forces will help to determine market attractiveness providing us with information of when we can enter or exit certain industry Company Profile Spectacle hut has more than 40 stores throughout the whole Singapore Island. It is consider being the largest local operating optical retail chain in Singapore. Founders Gary Khoo and wife Sara Hay started with the shop in Clementi during 1997. Although working with only theirs saving and met with lots of challenges during the company infancy period, during their last fiscal of 2011 they have cash in about $40 million in revenue. The company main brand, Spectacle Hut, is targeted towards the middle to upper class shopper, carrying high-end brands such as Cartier, Channel and Gucci. They have also a subsidiary brand name, Blue Eyes, aimed towards the middle to low-end consumers. They have been actively branching out over the past five years, including opening branches overseas like Beijing and Kuala Lumpur. During the year 2008, Spectacle hut was give a grant of $125000 under Spring’s Technology Innovation Programmed, to improve on its existing point of...
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...service of a competitor. As people travel more not only for the business, but also for vacation purposes, for the hospitality industry this means an era of expanding and benefiting from the fact that people are willing to pay for a greater experience. In order to be the preferred destination, place and brand to stay for the travellers, the importance of following the newest trends and implementing them into daily operations is a point that should be considered by every organization. Out of the vast array of contemporary trends that dominate in the world of hospitality and tourism, this article describes and comments on building a brand and the awareness, secondly the use of social media and advancement in technology, and lastly the movement of adapting to customers with demands and the personalization of service towards travellers. Aaker (1991, as cited in Bharwani & Butt, 2012) claims that the use of brand name is a significant factor which sets the differences of the organization from its competitors and creates a value for the customers. For the business it is important to build a relationship with the buyers upon which they will be attracted to always come back to the same brand. According to Macdonald and Sharp (2000, as cited in Yaseen,...
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...the fastest growing lifestyle cakes and café chain in the region with over 300 café outlets to date. Secret Recipe Cakes & Café's concept can be found in prime urban locations and shopping malls in major cities in the region including Singapore, Kuala Lumpur, Jakarta, Bangkok, Manila, Brunei, Shanghai. BRAND VALUE AND CULTURE Secret Recipe promises a value lifestyle proposition of great variety and quality food at affordable prices. The uncompromising quality of food and desserts using quality ingredients, coupled with moderate pricing, has created a new lifestyle cult, compromising of a loyal base of food and cake lovers. CAFÉ CONCEPT AND AMBIENCE Secret Recipe Cakes & Café offers a friendly and personalised full-service dining experience for customers and incorporates a modern contemporary and vibrant interior concept with comfort ambience, and great food. It provides a great respite for customers to enjoy good food and quality time with friends, family or associates, after a long day at work. Secret Recipe a popular lifestyle café chain, has become a household name following its debut in 1997. Secret Recipe has successfully established its brand name in Malaysia, Singapore, Indonesia, Thailand, China, Philippines, Brunei, and Australia by virtue of its fine quality cakes, fusion food and distinctive service. A leading and largest café chain in Malaysia, with Halal certification awarded by Jabatan Kemajuan Islam Malaysia (JAKIM),[6] Secret Recipe is committed...
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...Childrenswear US$147 billion Clothing Accessories US$69 billion Hosiery US$51 billion Footwear US$309 billion Having consistently outgrown global apparel market over recent years, H&M looked to set to chart a course to international success alongside main competitor Inditex. However, since 2011, the company's growth has slowed and its profits fallen amid rising costs and competitively-priced rivals. In this profile, Euromonitor International assesses the outlook for H&M as the company attempts to re-discover growth while becoming a truly global player. © Euromonitor International APPAREL: H&M HENNES & MAURITZ AB PASSPORT 2 STRATEGIC EVALUATION COMPETITIVE POSITIONING MARKET ASSESSMENT GEOGRAPHIC AND CATEGORY OPPORTUNITIES BRAND STRATEGY OPERATIONS RECOMMENDATIONS STRATEGIC EVALUATION Key company facts H&M Hennes & Mauritz AB Headquarters: Regional involvement: Category involvement H&M apparel global value share 2011: H&M apparel sales value growth: Sweden...
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...Executive Summary In general, product or brand hierarchy is defined as the process where the products and brands are categorized into elements that are used by the companies for promoting their products and services. Brand and product hierarchy is used by the companies for the purpose of increasing the branding and product relationships with their customers. Depending on the availability of brand elements, the companies categorize their products for representing their brands in the market. Within this study, five different industry sectors with each example company will be taken into consideration where researcher has conducted a hierarchical analysis for those company brands and products. On the other hand, the study even explores the information about the classes, categories, forms and brands of every company. A critical competitor analysis for those company brands will be carried out and finally the study draws a conclusion about their core competencies Hierarchical Analysis SECTOR1: CONSUMER DISCRETIONARY- RETAIL SECTOR- WALMART For the consumer discretionary industry the retail sector has been selected where again the world’s popular retailer company called Wal-Mart was selected as Example Company. According to the report of Wal-Mart (2011), Wal-mart is one of the world’s famous retailer companies which is based in USA that offers wider range of consumer products and goods to the customers across the world. Wal-Mart has different products...
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