...Literature review Price and product quality Price and product quality are vital variables in marketing. Marketers using characteristics and price of product as significant decision variables affects evaluation of product, potential consumers’ buying behavior and current customers (Chang and Wildt, 1994). Rao and Monroe (1989) point out that it has a significant and positive effect between price and product quality and brand name and product quality. Besides, consumers prefer use price to indicate quality for considerably costly products (Olson cited by Rao and Monroe, 1989). However, price has both positive and negative influence, ‘price had a positive effect on perceived quality, but a negative effect on perceived value and willingness to buy. Favorable brand and store information positively influenced perceptions of quality and value, and subjects’ willingness to buy’ ( Dodds,Monroe and Grewal, 1991, p.307) Service It is important to understand that service is also a powerful variable in marketing. Gronroos (1984) suggests that comparing with traditional marketing activities, it may be an influential marketing function that managing a splendid interaction between consumers and marketers can generate more beneficial quality of service; besides, it is also vital for marketers to manage the perceived the quality of service . Product variety Different product varieties can attract different customers. Lancaster (1990) indicates that product could have different varieties...
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...A brand orientation typology for SMEs: a case research approach Ho Yin Wong and Bill Merrilees Department of Marketing, Griffith Business School, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Australia Purpose – This research paper aims to discuss the role of branding strategy in small and medium size enterprises (SMEs). Design/methodology/approach – The literature on traditional brand management and strategic branding are first reviewed. Four critical constructs are identified, namely brand distinctiveness, brand orientation, brand-marketing performance and brand barriers. The literature, in combination with (eight) case research interviews, has been synthesised to develop a new theory of SME branding. Findings – The paper reveals that the theory identifies the ladder of SME brand orientation, moving from minimal brand orientation, to embryonic brand orientation to integrated brand orientation. Further, it is suggested that most SMEs will be on the lower steps of the ladder. A model of the brand strategy process has been formulated, specifying links between brand barriers, brand distinctiveness, brand orientation and brand-marketing performance. The study puts forward some propositions about the pre-conditions to move higher up the ladder, particularly to an integrated brand orientation. Research limitations/implications – The major limitation of this research is that it is based on eight case studies. It is suggested that a quantitative survey be carried out to enhance the generalisability...
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...A Literature Review on Destination Branding: DUBAI Bygone are days when only the rich explored the realms and secrets the world has to offer; or days when expectations were simple. There was a time when people were dependent for a holiday on various other elements. Now, with one click on the internet, you can choose from the places within your budget, read hotel reviews and plan holiday as per your comfort. Globalization has resulted in options galore, be it entertainment, shopping or sightseeing, followed by global business expansion and revolutionizing of tourism sector. The world has transformed into a global village, it’s a crowded place where 250 countries are competing to woo holidaymakers of all kinds. In today’s rat race, it has become imperative for each nation to compete with other for their share of the world’s consumers, business, investment, attention, tourists and position. For each country, the cities play a significant role in international competition for funds, fame and talent. The prosperity of an entire economy is at stake, and how effectively the city manages to succeed or fall depends on how effectively it communicates and brands itself. The nations focus on marketing their cities as a distinctive place and communicate about the place with help of media resources. In today’s world cities are like companies; those with a strong brand image will attract more tourists and investors. Any factor that emphasizes on a country’s appeal is constructive...
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...The current issue and full text archive of this journal is available at www.emeraldinsight.com/0309-0566.htm The effect of corporate branding dimensions on consumers’ product evaluation A cross-cultural analysis Nizar Souiden ´ Faculty of Business Administration, Laval University, Quebec, Canada Corporate branding dimensions 825 Received October 2004 Revised September 2005 Accepted January 2006 Norizan M. Kassim Department of Management and Marketing, College of Business and Economics, University of Qatar, Doha, Qatar, and Heung-Ja Hong Faculty of Sociology, Kansai University, Osaka, Japan Abstract Purpose – The paper aims to investigate both Western and Eastern corporate branding thoughts and examine the interrelation among four corporate branding dimensions (i.e. corporate name, image, reputation and loyalty) and their joint impact on consumers’ product evaluation. Design/methodology/approach – Building on extensive literature, a model of consumers’ product evaluation that includes the major determinants of corporate branding is proposed. Based on a sample of 218 Japanese and American consumers, structural equation modeling and general linear model analyses are used to test hypotheses. Findings – The research reveals that Japanese and American consumers have different perceptions with respect to the effect of corporate image and corporate loyalty. The corporate name was found to have a significant impact on corporate image and corporate reputation was found...
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...What’s in a name? Branding: what it means to you and your customer t is quite ironic that the words ‘‘brand’’ and ‘‘branding’’ have become so widely used in the business arena over the past few decades yet so many people fail to agree on what they mean. To illustrate the point, David Haigh and Jonathan Knowles, both executives in branding, offer three of the definitions in currency: I 1. ‘‘A logo and associated visual elements.’’ This, the most focused of the definitions, sees a brand as simply the trade names, trade symbols and trademarks that a company creates and legally protects as a way of differentiating itself from its competitors within the marketplace. A logo becomes a brand when it becomes associated with positive values through the extensive provision of good products and good services. 2. ‘‘A larger bundle of trademark and associated intellectual property rights.’’ Beyond the visual elements of branding, this definition includes intangible marketing tools such as domain names, packaging, written copy, advertising and product design rights – all of which can be registered and legally protected. Further than this, though, the term ‘‘property rights’’ often also takes into account those other assets that are required to deliver the promises of the brand. These may be specific knowledge and expertise, perhaps in the form of research, data, or software, or processes such as business models, supply chain figurations and manufacturing techniques. Intangible...
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... Module Code : MK0389 Word Count : 1997 Dead Line : 13/05/2013 Contents page Introduction 3 PART A: Promotion and Branding in Global World 3 Standardized and Localized Strategies 4 Case Study: Nike 5 Case Study: PizzaHut 5 Discussion 6 PART B: Future Environmental issue 6 Changing Social Trends 7 Case Study: Nike 7 Case Study: PizzaHut 8 Conclusion 8 Reference List 9 Introduction With the growing pace of globalization, companies’ marketing departments are faced with a substantial challenge of designing successful marketing strategies promoting their products and services (Keller, 2010). The ongoing academic debate has pointed out the tension between standardization and localization practices (e.g. Whatley, 2012). While the benefits frequently associated with the standardization practice revolve around the promotion of a single consistent message to the global market (Aaker, 1991), the localization paradigm emphasises the particular differences between individual markets and thereby the need to adapt marketing strategies to suit the needs of the local population (Gillespie, Jeanner & Hennessey, 2010). The aim of the presented paper is to critically investigate the promotion and branding strategies pursued by global organisations. The key focus is put on the examination of their relative effectiveness and two case studies are used to demonstrate the validity of...
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...1.0 – INTRODUCTION 1.1 –INTRODUCTION The chapter provides a radius of the background of study at hand into deducing the problems or issues that encompass it. Next to that, will be a statement of the aim as well as the objectives of this study in order to comprehend the matter in more depth as well as a succinct overview of the following chapters. 1.2 – BACKGROUND OF STUDY Human civilization is dependent upon signs and systems of signs, and the human sign is inseparable from the functioning-if indeed mentality is not to be identified with such functioning (Morris, 1938). A brand instead, is a promise of satisfaction. It is a sign as well nevertheless, a metaphor operating as an unwritten contract between a manufacturer and a consumer, a seller and a buyer, a performer and an audience, an environment and those who inhabit it, and event and those who experience it (Healey, 2008). Even so, too often companies think of the brand experience in silos: as an identity, logo, website, advertisement, and so on. To be successful, a brand had to be experienced whole – emotionally and tangibly – telling a consistent and engaging story at every tower point along the way (Astorino, 2011). A successful brand positively and clearly distinguishes a company’s products and services from those of its competitors. Statistics confirm that higher quality brands gain greater market share and profitability than their inferior competition (MacDonald, 2012). As the economy of late capitalism shifted from...
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...Tabale of COntent I. Introduction 2 II. Body 3 1. Literature review 3 1.1 Global brands 3 1. 3 Brand Images & Country of origin (COO) effects 4 Figure 1: Model for developing strong brands based in Country of Origin image 6 1.4 Brand Names 7 2. Discussion 7 2.1 Existence of global brands 7 2.2 Cultural sensitivity & COO image perception 9 2.3 Brand name & national alphabet 9 Figure 2: Chinese naming analysis 10 Figure 3: Domestic brand names in Vietnamese market 11 III. Conclusion 12 IV. REFERENCES 13 I. Introduction Globalization concept is studied since 1870 (Lee et al, 2009); during the development of its concept, there are many debates around consequence of convergence process of the world. In last three decades, globalization is predicted as noticeable trend causing the homogeneity of consumption pattern in near future (Levitt, 1983 in Robson , 2005), whereas, in this days and age, homogeneity of customer needs, taste and lifestyles is indicated as an impossible phenomenon (De Mooij M., 2011). The debate of globalization versus localization leads to examining application of the maxim- “think global, act local” in different markets across the world. Failures of global brand in standardizing its name, brand image perception, causes the suspicion of existence of global brand. The aim of this study is to examine two dimensions of brand image perception of customer: country of origin effect and brand name. Afterward, my personal...
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...Institut d’Administration des Entreprises ROLES AND CONSIDERATIONS OF BRAND COMMUNICATIONS IN BRANDING: ADVERTISING, BRAND ELEMENTS, ONLINE ACTIVITIES Mémoire en vue de l’obtention du Diplôme De Master II ès Sciences de Gestion Soutenu par: Mojtaba Jebreili & Dirigé par: Professeur Damien Bo Advisor: Professeur Camelia Akbari Année universitaire: 2009-2010 0 Acknowledgment First of all I want to direct my thanks to my supervisor, doctor Damien Bo and appreciate him for useful feedbacks. Secondly I appreciate my advisor, doctor Camelia Akbari for her useful comments. Finally I would like to thank my family and special thanks to my dear wife who supported me during conducting this thesis just as always. University of Nice 2010 Mojtaba Jebreili i Abstract Brand is a very important element in today's life. Brand management has become a serious task for marketing and branding departments in all firms. While branding is a comprehensive issue dealing with all parts of a company, there are some branding tasks which are specifically accomplished by marketing and branding departments or branding companies. One of these tasks is brand communications consisting of the selection and design of brand elements, advertising and online branding. This thesis focuses on a qualitative review of different aspects of brand communications, while discussing their role in branding. The main questions in this thesis are the role and considerations of brand elements, advertising...
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...of Management, Pondicherry University, Puducherry, India Abstract Branding means much more than just giving a brand name and signalling to the outside world that such a product or service has been stamped with the mark and imprint of an organization. Brands are a direct result of the strategy of market segmentation and product differentiation. A brand not only merely acts on the market, but also it organises the market, driven by a vision, a calling and an apparent design of what the category should become. Numerous brands wish only to identify completely with the category of the product, thereby expecting to control it. Today, there is a proliferation of brands in the Indian market. Brands of varying shapes, sizes, texture and many other distinctive features are available based on our choice, tastes and traditions. This varying demand is evident in any brand from the car we drive to the food we take. These brands awake interests in the consumers on the basis of the personalities they hold. Every brand thus, has its own distinct personality that appears to us in a different way in different situations. Hence, it is considered imperative for the study to investigate the significance of brand personality which will be crucial for marketers in their decision making and would eventually frame itself as an important variable for branding success. © 2011 Published by Elsevier Ltd. and/or peer-review peer-review under Symbiosis Institute Symbiosis © 2012 Published by Elsevier Ltd...
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...launch because it would be the first in the market and differentiating would be easier for us. Our opportunity is we are going to launch it for the first time and if we get desired result in positioning in market then we will become the leader in sports television channel market. Our differentiating strategy is its High-definition sports news and game broadcast that no other company has claimed in Bangladesh yet. As Bangladeshi people are craze about sports so our product target market is almost every people around Bangladesh specially targeted women of Bangladesh. Our Leveraging Strategy will be done through cultural or other event, Celebrity spokesperson (through endorsement advertising), and other third-party sources (through awards and reviews). 1. Introduction Out of...
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...Branding Strategy: Building Strong Brands Some analysts see brands as the enduring asset of a company, outlasting the company’s products and facilities. Brands are powerful assets that must be carefully developed and managed. Here are some key strategies for building and managing brands. Brand Equity: Brand equity is the differential effect that knowing the brand name has on customer response to the product and its marketing. It’s a measure of the brand’s ability to capture consumer preference and loyalty. A brand has positive brand equity when consumers react more favorably to it than to a generic or unbranded version of the same product. It has negative brand equity if consumers react less favorably than to an unbranded version. High brand equity provides a company with many competitive advantages. A powerful brand enjoys a high level of consumer brand awareness and loyalty. Because the brand name carries high credibility, the company can more easily launch line and brand extensions. A powerful brand offers the company some defense against fierce price competition. Building Strong Brands: Branding poses challenging decisions to the marketer. The major brand strategy decisions involve brand positioning, brand name selection, brand sponsorship, and brand development. • Brand Positioning: Marketers need to position their brands clearly in target customers’ minds. Positioning refers to the act of designing the company’s offering and image in such...
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...MEDIA EDUCATION FOUNDATION STUDY GUIDE NO LOGO BRANDS, GLOBALIZATION, RESISTANCE WRITTEN BY JEREMY EARP & DANIELLE DEVEREAUX Challenging media CONTENTS NO LOGO BRANDS, GLOBALIZATION, RESISTANCE NOTE TO TEACHERS.............................................................................................................................................................................pg. 03 THE MEDIA LITERACY CIRCLE OF EMPOWERMENT....................................................................................................................04 OVERVIEW.........................................................................................................................................................................................................05 PRE-VIEWING EXERCISES..........................................................................................................................................................................06 INTRODUCTION Key Points..........................................................................................................................................................................................................07 Questions for Discussion & Writing.....................................................................................................................................................07 NO SPACE: BRANDED WORLD Key Points......................................................................................
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...Insight paper Does your employer brand inspire top talent? Jumping on the employer branding bandwagon A strong brand can be a company’s most valuable asset, increasing customer loyalty or acting as a differentiator in a crowded market place. An employer brand can be used for similar effects, lowering turnover due to higher employee loyalty and helping employers stick out in the increasingly competitive job market. Despite the hype about employer branding, most companies still have difficulty in conceiving a serious and ‘thoughtthrough’ approach to the topic. To understand why an employer brand cannot be simply assembled out of a ‘how-to’ guide, let’s have a look at the definition of employer branding. There are dozens of definitions about employer branding flying around in the HR industry and most are perfectly usable. However, we will stick to the CIPD’s definition (Chartered Institute of Personnel and Development, 2008)1: An employer brand is a set of attributes and qualities – often intangible – that makes an organisation distinctive, promises a particular kind of employment experience, and appeals to those people who will thrive and perform to their best in its culture. Chartered Institute of Personnel and Development In the above definition there is one important word: ‘intangible’. Employer branding is indeed a complex mix between your organisational identity and culture and its members (Tikoo, 2004)2, which is probably the reason why so many...
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... ACKNOWLEDGEMENT I would like to thank for the people for their various contributions to complete this bachelor project. • • • • • Rikke Krogh, Secretary to the study board, Department of business, for her help and suggestion in every step of my learning activities My supervisor, Professor, Poul Dines, for his constant advice, assistance and guidance throughout the study Supervisor Professor Safania Normann Eriksen for her valuable insights and feedback into the research in the presentation held in the University. All the students of Roskilde University who participated in the study, for their valuable contribution and the time they gave so willingly. My family and friends, for their feedback and support during this study. ii Abstract Branding permits customers to develop association with the brand and eases the purchase decision. According Jobber.D, (2007. P.330) strong brands benefit consumers in that they provide quality certification, which can aid decision – making of purchasing. The study investigates the brand preference on mobile purchase among the students of Roskilde University. On this basis , this report deals with various choice criteria’s ( economic ,...
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