...Breast cancer is a type of cancer originating from breast tissue, most commonly from the inner lining of milk ducts or the lobules that supply the ducts with milk.[1] Cancers originating from ducts are known as ductal carcinomas, while those originating from lobules are known as lobular carcinomas. Breast cancer occurs in humans and other mammals. While the overwhelming majority of human cases occur in women, male breast cancer can also occur.[2] The benefit versus harms of breast cancer screening is controversial. The characteristics of the cancer determine the treatment, which may include surgery, medications (hormonal therapy and chemotherapy), radiation and/or immunotherapy.[3] Surgical provides the single largest benefit, and to increase the likelihood of cure, several chemotherapy regimens are commonly given in addition. Radiation is used after breast-conserving surgery and substantially improves local relapse rates and in many circumstances also overall survival.[4] Worldwide, breast cancer accounts for 22.9% of all cancers (excluding non-melanoma skin cancers) in women.[5] In 2008, breast cancer caused 458,503 deaths worldwide (13.7% of cancer deaths in women).[5] Breast cancer is more than 100 times more common in women than in men, although men tend to have poorer outcomes due to delays in diagnosis.[6][7] Prognosis and survival rates for breast cancer vary greatly depending on the cancer type, stage, treatment, and geographical location of the patient. Survival rates...
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...Breast Implants In 1997, the United States had 101,176 people that went through surgery for breast implants and in 2000 that number more than doubled to 203,310; just in those 3 years. The first surgery that was ever performed was in the late nineteenth century; breast implant devices have been used to surgically enhance the size, adjust the shape and enrich the feel of a woman’s breasts. In 1889, the first breast implant surgery was done by Dr. Robert Gersuny, who experimented with paraffin injections, but ended with catastrophic results. In 1930, silicone, a synthetic plastic, was invented for use as a breast implant filler. In 1940’s, Japanese prostitutes had their breasts injected with substances such as paraffin, sponges and non-medical grade silicone to enlarge their breasts, believing that American men favored large breasts sizes. Silicone is a metal-like substance that’s found in nature when it is combined with oxygen which creates silica. Ordinarily beach on the sand and crystals are the real silica. For the silica to turn into silicone it will have to combined with carbon, which will form silicon. It is put though further process, which then becomes polymerized; this process combines the more complex molecules. That’s the method on how they make silicone. There are three ways in which silicone can be processed: A fluid, a gel, and a solid rubber which is known as elastomer. Silicone can even be found in regular everyday items like chewing gum, cleansers, suntan lotion...
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...Breast cancer is an uncontrolled growth of breast cells that results as mutations or abnormal changes in the genes responsible for regulating growth of cells. Over time, the cancer cells invade nearby healthy breast tissue. If the cancer gets into the lymph nodes then they have a pathway into other parts of the body. Most breast cancers begin in the cells the line the ducts (ductal cancer). Some begin in the cells that line the lobules (lobular cancer) while a small amount of cancers start in other breast tissues. There are certain tests to diagnose cancer which include a physical exam, Clinical breast exam (CBE), Mammograms, Ultrasound exam, and MRI, Blood chemistry studies, Biopsy (excision biopsy, incisional bipsy, core biopsy, fine-needle aspiration FNA) biopsy. But not all of these tests are done on you. Your doctor will choose which test they think will benefit you the best. General symptoms of cancer are unexplained weight loss, fever, fatigue, pain and skin changes. Symptoms of breast cancer are swelling of all or part of the breast (even if no distinct lump is felt), skin irritation, dimpling, breast or nipple pain, nipple retractions, redness, thickening of nipple or breast skin, nipple discharge other than breast milk. If cancer is found, you'll have the choice to get surgery. The surgeries you can choose from for breast cancer is a Lumpectomy which is removing the breast cancer, Mastectomy which is removing the entire breast, a Sentinel node biopsy where you remove...
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...These set questions touch on medical history including if they have had any breast biopsies, genetics, age, menstrual cycles, history of breast cancer within the family (who – mother, aunty, grandma) and race. This process outlines certain factors that contribute to being at risk of breast cancer and are readily available online for women. Having this set up online not only is easy to use but it makes it easy for women to access without going through the burden of seeing the doctor if you are just simply concerned of the risks that you need to be aware of. The triple test – is the three tests highly recommended for doctors to use when checking for abnormalities in the breast or change in the breast. Though not all women will need all three parts, it is dependant on the circumstance. Better health channel (2015) outlines the three tests are: - A clinical breast examination and taking a personal history - Imaging tests (mammogram, ultrasound and/or MRI) - A biopsy to remove cells or tissue for examination Department of health (2013) explains BreastScreen Australia is a government-funded, national breast cancer-screening program that offers mammography screening. This is particularly aimed at women at ages 50-69 years of age and they are routinely reminded to get their mammogram re-done every two years. BreastScreen Australia uses mammograms as it is the only proven technology to detect breast cancer and it is also the most effective screening test to detect. There are...
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...Breast Cancer Breast Cancer is a cancer that forms in tissues of the breast, usually the ducts (tubes that carry milk to the nipple) and lobules (glands that make milk). It occurs in both men and women, although male breast cancer is rare. Anyone women could be at risk for breast cancer but, there are factors that make some women more susceptible to breast cancer than others. A risk factor is anything that affects your chances of getting a particular disease. Some can be controlled and some can’t. The ones you can control are genetics or family history, and environmental exposures or behaviors that might have happened in the past. The current and future behaviors can be controlled like exercise and a good diet. You also need to watch other exposures like tobacco use and high alcohol use because these are all things that could cause breast cancer. There are things you can do to reduce the risk of breast cancer and they are listed below: • Limit alcohol-The more alcohol you drink the greater the risk of getting breast cancer. • Control your weight-Being overweight increases your chances for breast cancer. • Plenty of exercise-keeping yourself active will help maintain weight and that will make your risk lower. • Breast feeding • Discontinue hormone therapy-Long term hormone therapy can cause you to be higher risk for breast cancer. • Avoid exposure to environmental pollutions These listed above is what needs to be avoided to make your risk at getting breast cancer lower...
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...Breast Cancer Even though there are other forms of cancers, it is the most common type of cancer. In 2008 there were many deaths caused from breast cancer and new cases of breast cancer. Breast Cancer is a form of cancer found in the breast tissue. It is made of abnormal cells that grow into lumps which gather together called tumors. Breast cancer is the most common cancer and the second leading cause of deaths in women in North America. In 2008, in the United States, there were an estimated 182,460 new cases of invasive breast cancer and an estimated 40,480 deaths attributed to it. Worldwide in 2007, an estimated 1,300,000 new cases were reported, and approximately 465,000 deaths were attributed to breast cancer. It is estimated that 12.7% or 1 in 8 women born in the United States today will develop breast cancer some point during their lifetime. Some symptoms of breast cancer are breast lumps, breast pain, nipple complaint, and other breast complaints. Lumps may feel like the size of a pea or a peanut under the skin. I have never known of breast pain as a symptom of breast cancer. Nipple discharge is a sign of breast cancer if it’s an abnormal color. Other breast complaints would be dimples or a change in size or color of breast. Risk factors range from gender, age, weight, inherited factors, and family history. Other risk factors are to have abnormal breast cells, high breast density, certain breast changes, using birth control...
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...Breast cancer is one of the leading causes of death among women in the United States today. There are many factors for developing breast cancer. Many women survived breast cancer now because of advance technology detecting the disease early. There are a variety of treatments women can choose from to treat breast cancer. The word” risk” is simply referring to the factors that will increase or decrease the chances of women developing breast cancer. There are several factors that can increase the chances of women getting the disease. One of these factors is family history. If a woman has a family member who was diagnosed with breast cancer such as a mother, sister, daughter her risk of developing breast cancer is increases. This risk increases more if the family member was diagnosed before the age of fifty. If you have been diagnosed with breast cancer in one breast before, you have a greater risk of being diagnosed with cancer in the other breast. Your risk also increases more if abnormal breast cells have been detected before. Women with dense breast tissue might have a higher risk of developing breast cancer, than women without dense breast tissue. A woman who began her menstrual cycle before she reaches the age of twelve or have no children has a higher risk of developing breast cancer. Also, if a woman had her first child at the age of thirty years or older and began menopause after the age of fifty five, she too is at risk of developing breast cancer. Early...
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...Breast Cancer COM/156 May 3, 2012 Breast Cancer Breast Cancer is the most common cancer that women may face in their lifetime. It can occur at any age, but is more likely to occur after the age of 40 and as we get older. Breast cancer is an unrestrained growth of breast cells, which take places as a result of modifications, or abnormal changes in the genes, that is responsible for stabilizing the growth of cells and keeping them healthy. The genes are in each cell’s nucleus, which acts as the “control room” of each cell. Normally, the cells in our bodies replace themselves through a systematic process of cell growth: healthy new cells take over as old ones die out. But over time, transformations can turn on certain genes and turn off others in a cell. That changed cell gains the ability to keep dividing without control or order, producing more cells just like it and forming a tumor. Breast Cancer affects many women during their lives. Also, there are a number of risk factors that can cause this disease, besides inherited traits. Because of certain factors, some woman may have a greater chance of developing breast cancer than others, whether it is by heredity or not. As you get older your best defense is to know about this disease and learn what you can do about it and save your life. A risk factor is anything that affects your chances of getting breast cancer. There are different kinds of risk factors to be aware of. Some factors, such as a person's age or race, can not...
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...Advantages of Breast Implants Women get breast implants for a number of reasons, although research has shown that the number one reason is to improve their quality of life. It is a given fact that in today’s world, appearance matters, and women are going the extra mile to look better even if it involves surgery. The size of a woman’s breasts contribute significantly to her overall look, so if they are not happy with this aspect of their body it can result in low self esteem. This is one of the reasons women get breast implants and to reestablish their confidence and overall well being. There are also other more personal reasons why women get breast implants. Some would simply like to achieve a more proportional look in their body if their breasts are too small, and implants are the answer. Implants are also useful when it comes to reshaping breasts to give it a more natural look, especially if it has been slightly distorted due to pregnancy and breast feeding. Today, breast implant surgery is highly developed due to decades of research, science, and medicine. Procedures are much more personal and individual, in order to give women a highly customized look that suits their own unique anatomy and needs. There are several benefits to getting breast implants today: Breast Implant Center of Hawaii The aesthetic benefits of breast implants are highly valuable to women. Breast implants can greatly enhance the shape of a woman’s figure by giving her fuller breasts and a more...
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...ENGL 1102 English Composition II-Online 26 June 2015 It is not uncommon as an adult to undergo plastic surgery in America today. However, it is becoming more common for young adults and teenagers to have plastic surgery. One of the more popular plastic surgery routines is getting breast implants. When asked, teenagers expressed that they often feel awkward and flawed, and plastic surgery helps to “fix” their bodies. Teenagers seem to think that plastic surgery is the quick answer to fitting in with their peers. Our society has accepted that individuals of all ages are choosing to go under the knife in attempts to “correct” their bodies; including teenagers. According to the American Society of Plastic Surgeons (ASPS), there were 286,254 breast augmentations performed in the year 2014. Breast augmentation rates as the top procedure for women in America. Breast augmentation is a surgical procedure to increase the shape, size, and fullness of the female breast. While breast augmentation is a customary choice for adult women, the expanding popularity of breast augmentation with teenagers has led to a lot of criticism and speculation. There is little doubt that being a teenager is tough. Hormones, academic stress, and peer pressure are everyday struggles for the average American teen. In addition to this stress put on young females, there is the additional fact that body image is generally a big part of the problem. During teenage years the body is changing, and young...
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...Breast cancer is a malignant tumor that starts in the cells of the breast. A malignant tumor is a group of cancer cells that can grow into and invade surrounding tissues or spread to distant areas of the body (American Cancer Society, 2015). The disease occurs almost entirely in women, but men can also get it. Although breast cancer can affect both men and women, it is much more dominant in women. The risk for developing breast cancer is the highest in women over the age of 50, and it is higher for women who also have a family history of breast cancer (Breastcancer.com, 2015). Breast cancer is the most common cancer in women worldwide. It’s a devastating disease, and thousands of cases of breast cancer are reported to occur among women around the world each year. Breasts contain the mammary glands which are the organs of milk production. Breasts mostly consist of adipose tissue. The breast is made up of sections, which are called lobes and each of these lobes are made up of smaller lobules, which produce milk in women (Breast Anatomy, 2015). Both the lobes and lobules are connected by milk ducts and the milk ducts carry the milk to the nipple. The lobules and ducts are located throughout the fibrous tissue and adipose tissue that make up the main mass of the breast (Breast Anatomy, 2015). Most cancers of the breast arise from the epithelium, which form the lobules and terminal ducts (Seeley, 2011 p 1042). There are a few different types of breast cancers that...
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...Breast Cancer Diona Curtis SPEECH 200 October 21, 2013 Breast Cancer Breast cancer is a kind of cancer that develops in the breast. It occurs when a malignant tumor starts in the cells of the breast. A malignant tumor is a group of cancer cells that invade surrounding tissues and can spread to other areas of the body. There are two forms of breast cancer, invasive and non-invasive. Invasive cancer is the serious form of breast cancer. Invasive cancer is when the cells break out of the breast area and begins to invade other tissue surrounding it. Eventually, the cells make their way to other parts of the body such as bone and organs; which is called metastasis. The abnormal cells can travel through the bloodstream and our lymph system early-on or later. Non-invasive cancer is when the cells have not left its place of origin yet. Non-invasive cancer can also be referred to as “pre-cancerous”. It can be referred to that because although it is has not left its origin, it can eventually develop into invasive cancer. Cancer can spread three different ways: tissue, lymph system, and the blood. The signs and symptoms of breast cancer vary depending on the body of the patient. The symptoms can only be felt by the patient and described to the doctor or nurse according to what they are feeling. A sign is when the patient and other people can detect a problem. Usually the first symptoms signs and symptoms of breast cancer are pain, headaches, and a lump. Other possible early signs...
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...5.0 Treatment and prevention of breast cancer 5.1 Prevention is better than cure: 5.1.1 Breastfeeding There are plenty of ways that might help to prevent breast cancer. Firstly, breastfeeding has played a very important part in breast cancer prevention, which is the longer the period of breastfeeding, the higher the protection of the mother and child (Mayoclinic.org, 2015). According to Komen, (2010), breastfeeding for one year might slightly reduce the chances to get breast cancer than those who never breastfed, however, mothers who breastfed for a duration of two years will have a result of twice the benefit of those who breastfed for one year. Besides, a research done by National Cancer Institute (NCI), (n.d.) shows that women who breastfeed have a lower risk to cause breast cancer, which is an overall decreased by 35% risk of breast cancer. Moreover, 5,000 cases of breast cancer can be avoided, if the new mums followed of the recommended instruction that pursue them to breastfeed their children for at least one year (Rochman, 2012). 5.1.2 Consistent medical checkup and keep weight in check Furthermore, a second way to prevent breast cancer is keeping weight in check and consistent medical checkup. According to Mayoclinic.org, (2015), states that overweight or obese women have higher risks to get breast cancer or recurrence than those have a healthy weight. A research prepared by Cancerresearchuk.org, (2012) mentioned that women who have a regular exercise about half...
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...Breast Cancer Tonia Maraden CM220-51 November 23, 2012 Breast Cancer Debra Wheeler is a wonderful person and a personal friend that works with me at my part time job. She is the Executive Assistant to the CEO. In January of last year, Debra Wheeler was diagnosed with Stage 2 breast cancer. She ended up having to have single mastectomy since the cancer was only in one of her breast. She then later had to have the breast the removed and reconstructed. The way they did it was take the skin and soft tissues from the belly and use it to reconstruct her new breast. Debra’s healthy body and her positive spirit helped her to beat the cancer, now she has been cancer free for a year. She is a very strong willed person and that is why I believe is the reason that she is still here today others have not been so lucky or gave up the fight too early. With this in mind, Debra has discovered along with many breast cancer survivors that the oral contraceptives for many years were a possible cause to the reason they were diagnosed with cancer. There are more than one reason has to why we should support breast cancer. Breast cancer is something that will or has affected us all in one way or another. I. Here are some statics on breast cancer: A. A woman is diagnosed with Breast Cancer every 2.5 Minutes. 1. Worldwide, breast cancer...
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...Breast Cancer Breast cancer is a growth of cancerous cells in the breast most common in woman, but it can occur in men. Breast cancer is caused when healthy tissue in the breast begins to grow abnormally, these cells grow and divide and create more abnormal cells forming a lump or tumor. Breast tumors can be classified as either; benign – this is a tumor that grows in one place and may not cause a problem, and is considered non- cancerous. Malignant – these tumors are invasive and grow and spread to other parts of the body, these are the cancerous types of tumors. Most common types of breast cancer forms in the lobules (these are the glands that produce milk), or in the lining of the milk ducts. Symptoms of breast cancer may be first noticed as a lump in the underarm or in the breast. The shape and size of the breast may change as well as the skin may become irritated, red, and flakey. The breast may have a bloody discharge from the nipple or be painful to touch. Some risk factors for this disease are strongly associated with a family history of breast cancer as well as dense breasts are said to be a risk factor as well. Some risk factors are modifiable, and some are not. The strongest risk factor is that of having a first degree relative of two or more, having breast or ovarian cancer. Also having the breast cancer gene known as BRCA1 or 2 mutation is a strong risk factor. Seventy percent of all breast cancer is said to be sporadic, this means these are by random events,...
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