...In October 2005, Herman Klein, President, and Marlene Baer, Controller, of Bremen Electronics USA were checking the budgeted figures for Bremen's 2006 operations. They wanted to see what level of sales would be required to provide Bremen's parent company in Germany with its pre-tax target profit of $180,000 for the year. In early 2005 Bremen Electronics, a large German manufacturer of radio equipment had set up a subsidiary in the United States to manufacture two products Bremen had successfully marketed in Europe. One was a miniature signaling device used primarily for remote operation of garage doors. These "RC1" units consisted of a signal sender, about half the size of a pack of cards, and a receiver which was a bit larger. A large manufacturer of motorized garage doors had agreed to take a minimum of 90,000 RC1 control units a year. Klein and Baer thought that 120,000 units was a reasonable target for 2006. Bremen had also designed a similar device which could be used by a householder to turn on inside lights when arriving after dark. This unit, called "RC2," was slightly more expensive to make since the receiving part was a complete plug-in device while the RC1 receiver was a component of the garage door unit. Initially Bremen expected to sell the RC2 unit primarily through mail order catalogues. Klein and Baer projected sales of 39,600 units for 2006. As a start, Baer developed the figures shown in Exhibits 1, 2, and 3, she recognized that the budget was...
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...Bremen Electronics Company Background Bremen Electronics is a German company that, in 1993, started a subsidiary in the United States called Bremen Electronics USA. Members of the subsidiary’s management team include Herman Klein, President and Marlene Baer, Controller. The initial purpose of this subsidiary is to market two products that were previously marketed in Europe successfully. Bremen Electronics USA began developing a strategy to expand their operations to US markets to meet a target profit of $210,000 for 1994. The first product was a garage door opener including a sender and receiver. This is referred to as RC1. The marketing strategy for this product included an agreement from a large motorized garage door manufacturer to take 100,000 units per year at a minimum. The president and controller agreed that 120,000 units was an appropriate annual target for RC1 units. The second product was similar to a remote control garage door opener. This product turned on inside lights remotely when a person arrives home after dark. This was referred to as RC2. The marketing strategy for this product was primarily mail order catalogs. Klein and Baer agreed that this marketing method should reach the goal of 60,000 RC2 units for 1994. In planning for 1994, Marlene Baer, Controller, began developing a financial plan to analyze costs and create more accurate projections. Much of the initial projections were based on assumptions that need further evaluation...
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...MANAGING SERVICE QUALITY WITH THE BALANCED SCORECARD Roswitha Poll THE DATA IN THE CONTROLLING SYSTEM Traditionally, libraries have collected statistical data about their collections, acquisitions, lending, and inter-lending activities. In time, the number of statistics was enlarged and differentiated, and in many cases, it now comprises several hundred data points. These range from the number of incunabula or microforms in the collection, the expenditure on preservation or buildings to the number of issues made, claims and reservations placed or visits made to exhibitions and special events. These statistics are, for the most part, collected nationally, but libraries also tend to collect additional statistics, (e.g. for special tasks and activities like legal deposit right, special collections, or services for special user groups). All those statistical data could be used as steering instruments for library management. But such use is more often accidental than systematic, and many data are collected laboriously without ever being evaluated or used. For several decades libraries have tried to assess, not only the quantity of their resources and activities, but also the quality – the “goodness” of a library’s services and products. Performance measures for libraries have been developed and tested in national and international projects and standardized in an international standard (ISO 11620, 1998). Though there are lists of recognized and established performance indicators...
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...In October 2005, Herman Klein, President, and Marlene Baer, Controller, of Bremen Electronics USA were checking the budgeted figures for Bremen's 2006 operations. They wanted to see what level of sales would be required to provide Bremen's parent company in Germany with its pre-tax target profit of $180,000 for the year. In early 2005 Bremen Electronics, a large German manufacturer of radio equipment had set up a subsidiary in the United States to manufacture two products Bremen had successfully marketed in Europe. One was a miniature signaling device used primarily for remote operation of garage doors. These "RC1" units consisted of a signal sender, about half the size of a pack of cards, and a receiver which was a bit larger. A large manufacturer of motorized garage doors had agreed to take a minimum of 90,000 RC1 control units a year. Klein and Baer thought that 120,000 units was a reasonable target for 2006. Bremen had also designed a similar device which could be used by a householder to turn on inside lights when arriving after dark. This unit, called "RC2," was slightly more expensive to make since the receiving part was a complete plug-in device while the RC1 receiver was a component of the garage door unit. Initially Bremen expected to sell the RC2 unit primarily through mail order catalogues. Klein and Baer projected sales of 39,600 units for 2006. As a start, Baer developed the figures shown in Exhibits 1, 2, and 3, she recognized that the budget was...
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...GEOGRAPHIC Germany is one of the major industrial and economic powers in Europe. Population: 81 million people Geographic size: 138,000 square miles Capital: Berlin Major cities and population: Berlin, Munich, Hamburg, Bremen, Hanover, Frankfurt, Nuremburg, Stuttgart and Dusseldorf. At the southern end of Germany are the Alps, the highest mountain range in Europe. In central Germany are the Harz Mountains. Germany also has many rolling plains which make good farm land. The Rhine River, in the western part of Germany, is a main waterway for transporting goods from northern ports. Germany has many small towns that still maintain their traditional culture and architecture. Many of these towns, and their buildings, date back hundreds of years. Germany is well known for its precision workmanship. This is demonstrated in many ways, from its local architecture to the products and crafts available in local shops. Germany is a major industrial center in Europe. It is well known for its automobile manufacturing including the luxury Mercedes, the sporty Porsche and BMW, and Volkswagen. Germany also manufactures other machinery, electronics equipment, transportation equipment and chemicals. Germany also has considerable farming including grain crops and grapes, along with pig and cattle ranching. Germany is well known for its wine production. Almost 80% of the German people live in cities or towns. The most heavily populated areas are in the west and central Germany, particularly along the...
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...Business Case Christof Feichtinger Cafe de Guatemala Hedging Price Fluctuations of the Coffee Markets with the Help of Future Contracts Table of Contents 1. The Business Case - A Short Overview 1 2. About futures markets 1 2.1. Price risk 2 2.2. Volatility 2 2.3. Leverage 2 3. Organization of futures market 2 4. The New York Arabica Contract 2 4.1. Trading Hours, Quotations, Price Fluctuation Limits 2 4.2. Deliveries, Tenderable Growths and Differentials 2 4.3. Integrating Futures and Cash Markets: The eCops System 2 5. The Mechanics of Trading in Futures 2 6. Hedging against rising coffee prices 2 6.1. A Hedging Example 2 6.2. Suggestions for the Company 2 1. The Business Case - A Short Overview The company "Cafe de Guatemala" has so far concentrated on selling biological fair-trade coffee, which was bought from cooperations of little farmers in Guatemala. The pricing strategy is to pay an amount adequate for the underlying quality of coffee, which is commonly about three times higher than minimum fair-trade prices on the market. A new business field, which involves the buying of larger amounts of green coffee for roasters in Germany and Austria, requires a new pricing approach. A different strategy is necessary because these new customers do not always demand the high quality which was so far used for the own branded coffee of "Cafe de Guatemala". The payment will be oriented on "other milds"-index for Arabica coffees. This approach brings...
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...C a s e St u d y CASE o' STUDY Sie m e n s Clicks with Click2procure in ce 1999 , Siemens has sp en t over $870 million buildi ng its e-procuremen t sys tem call ed Click2procure, us ing t echn olo gy provide d by Com merce On e and SAP, the Austrian m anufactur er of a wide ly adopte d ERP syste m . Click 2procure is one of the world's largest private b uy-side Net m arketplaces. Siemens is a German electri cal engin eering and electronics gia n t with approximately 475,000 em ployees in 190 countries and sal es of over 87 billion (euro) in fisca l 2006. This m ultinational co nglom erate is a leading m anufact urer of automati on a nd control systems, co m m unications, li ghting, m edical , se m i-co n du ctors, power, and tran spo rtation produ cts and services. Click2procure is u sed today b y 35, 000 Siemens em ployees, of wh ich 6,000 ar e in volved with strategic purch asing: Siemens purchases over 45 billion (e uro) a y ear in direct an d in dire ct goods. Curre n tly, Click2proc ure has ab out 9,00 0 registered su ppliers . Su ppliers can eithe r re gis te r free of charge for a "Basic Registration" or pay a sub scrip tion fee of 3,000 (eu ro ) a y ear for "Advan ced Bus iness Service," which entitles the supplier to additional marketing sup port, such as the co n tact informatio n News l1ndUpdat es: Welco me to c/lck2procure 's ne ..... software upgrade . This releas e indudes a more intuitive la yout and new features . Our online traini o has n also been upgrade...
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...Information Systems 18 • Dimensions of Information Systems ....20 1.3 Contemporary Approaches to Information Systems ....25 Technical Approach 26 • Behavioral Approach 26 • Approach of This Text: Sociotechnical Systems ....27 1.4 Learning to Use Information Systems: New Opportunities with Technology ....27 The Challenge of Information Systems: Key Management Issues 28 • Integrating Text with Technology: New Opportunities for Learning ....30 Make IT Your Business ....31 Summary, 31 • Key Terms, 32 • Review Questions, 32 • Discussion Questions, 33 • Application Software Exercise: Database Exercise: Adding Value to Information for Management Decision Making, 33 • Dirt Bikes USA: Preparing a Management Overview of the Company, 33 • Electronic Commerce Project: Analyzing Shipping Costs, 34 • Group Project: Analyzing a Business System, 34 • Case Study: Dollar General: Heavy on Organization, Light on Systems, ....35 Chapter 2. Information Systems in the Enterprise ....38 Opening Case: Fast Fashion, Hot Systems ....39 2.1 Major Types of Systems in Organizations ....40 Different Kinds of Systems 40 • Four Major Types of Systems 41 • Relationship of Systems to...
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...Journal of Food Engineering 52 (2002) 349–357 www.elsevier.com/locate/jfoodeng Thin-layer modelling of black tea drying process P.C. Panchariya a, D. Popovic b b,* , A.L. Sharma c a Central Electronics Engineering Research Institute, Pilani 333031, India Institute of Automation Techniques, University of Bremen, D-28359, Bremen, Germany c Institute of Instrumentation, D.A. University, Khandwa Road, Indore 452017, India Received 16 March 2001; accepted 25 June 2001 Abstract An experimental dryer was developed for determining the kinetics of black tea drying. Drying characteristics of tea were examined using heated ambient air for the temperature range 80–120°C and air flow velocity range 0.25–0.65 m/s. The data of sample weight, dry- and wet-bulb temperatures and air velocity of the drying air were recorded continuously during each test. The drying data were then fitted to the different semi-theoretical models such as Lewis, Page, modified Page, two-term and Henderson and Pabis models, based on the ratios of the difference between the initial and final moisture contents and the equilibrium moisture content. The Lewis model gave better predictions than other models, and satisfactorily described the thin-layer drying characteristics of black tea particles. The effective diffusivity varied from 1:14 Â 10À11 to 2:98 Â 10À11 m2 /s over the temperature range. The temperature dependence of the diffusivity coefficient was described by the Arrhenius-type relationship. The activation...
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...European Business Issues | | | | Analysing the Competitive Strengths and Weaknesses of Germany with the TOWS Matrix Analysing the Competitive Strengths and Weaknesses of Germany with the TOWS Matrix Author: Student Name: Student No: Tutor: Adrian Pryce * Contents 1. Introduction 2 2. Porter's Determinants of National Advantage 2 3. Gaining Competitive Advantage with the TOWS Matrix Conceptual Model 3 4. Germany's Internal Weaknesses 4 5. Germany's Internal Strengths, Social Factors 5 6. Germany's Internal Strengths, Political and Economic factors 6 7. Threats from European Union Countries, North America and Asia 7 8. Opportunities within the European Union, North America, and Asia 9 9. Government Policy and Business Strategy 10 10. Conclusion 12 11. References 13 1. Introduction All nations are attentive to compete efficiently in the international market. Competitiveness doesn't depend simply on the value of individual firms, but also on the socioeconomic system and the industries of a nation. The rapidly changeable situations of the free world markets transcribe that nations fully utilize their comparative advantages to become or remain thriving in the future (Farr, 1990). Economic and political leaders must estimate the opportunities and threats from the foreign environments so as to put up convenient domestic strategies that shore up the weaknesses of their nations and take advantages of...
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...Technical Article Reliability in Electronics CONTENTS • Introduction 1.1 Failure Rate 1.2 Reliability 1.3 Mean Time Between Failures (MTBF) Mean Time to Failure (MTTF) 1.4 Service Life (Mission Life, Life) • Factors Affecting Reliability 2.1 Design Factors 2.2 Complexity 2.3 Stress 2.4 Generic (Inherent) • Estimating The Failure Rate 3.1 Prediction 3.1.1 Parts Stress Method 3.1.2 Parts Count Method 3.2 Assessment 3.2.1 Confidence Limits 3.2.2 PRST 3.3 Observation • Prototype Testing • Manufacturing Methods • Systems Reliability (a) More Reliable Components (b) Redundancy • Comparing Reliabilities xppower.com Introduction Most of us are familiar with the concepts of reliability and MTBF at a superficial level, without considering what lies behind the figures quoted and what significance should be attached to them. The subject deserves a deeper understanding, so, let us start by having a better look at the terminology. 1.1 Failure Rate ( ) Failure Rate The failure rate is defined as the percentage of units failing per unit time. This varies throughout the life of the equipment and if (lambda) is plotted against time, the characteristic "bathtub" curve is obtained for most electronic equipment (See Figure 1). A B C Time Fig 1. Failure Rate vs. Time This curve has three regions: A Infant mortality. B Useful life. C Wear out In region "A", poor workmanship and substandard...
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...IT and International Real-Time Media: Amplifier for a Crisis or Instrument of Rational Decision-Taking Narelle Gomes, Christian Piechorowski 09.01.2014 Table of contents: 1.1 Information technology’s impact in the development of the stock exchange 1.2 Algorithmic trading 1.3 High frequency trading 1.4 High frequency; trading beneficial or harmful for the economy? 1.5 Final Remarks 2.1 The Influential Role of Mass Media - The Pervasiveness of the information disseminated on the people 2.2 Financial Crisis- A media spectacle? 2.3 The mishaps of European Media during the current Euro crisis 2.3.1 The alternative view of the media; Citizens mistrust towards the media 2.3.2 The wavering power of mainstream amidst its pervasiveness 3. Conclusion Introduction Problem Description: The world financial crisis started in the US with the burst of the housing bubble in 2007. However, it was not just limited to the US border, but it rapidly spread all over the world. Consequently, many banks went bankrupt and some countries were even pushed into a financial downturn. Target of Study: This essay will not provide a general outlook on the financial crisis but instead examines the impact of the Real time media and IT on this economic crisis of historic scale. How important...
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...INSTRUCTIONS FOR COMPLETING THE 2011 ERASMUS MUNDUS ACTION 1 APPLICATION FORM (EFORM) ERASMUS MUNDUS PROGRAMME CALL 2011 (EACEA 41/10) Contents Chapter 1: Introduction ...........................................................................................................................................................3 1.1 Presentation and organisation of these instruction notes ....................................................................3 1.2 Definitions .........................................................................................................................................3 1.3 Contents of the Application Package .................................................................................................4 1.4 Application deadline and submission procedure ................................................................................4 1.5 Key reference documents...................................................................................................................6 1.6 The Award Criteria, Experts Assessment and Scoring Mechanism ..................................................7 1.7. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs) .................................................................................................8 Chapter 2: The Application Package .....................................................................................................................................9 2.1. Document 1 - The Application Form ...
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...Table of Contents Introduction 1 Background information 1 Problem analysis 2 Why is Transken Global facing a trust issue? 2 Solutions 4 Branding in an Industrial Context 4 Analysis of the Current Brand 4 Essential Brand Messages to Communicate 5 Communication Media 5 Conclusion 9 Source List 10 APPENDIX 1 12 APPENDIX 2 13 APPENDIX 3 14 APPENDIX 4 16 Introduction Every company must deal with the critical issue of attracting people to purchase its product or service. The most difficult time is the beginning, when company is becoming established in the market. Firms must think of ways to spread information so it will be received by customers willing to buy the product. There are two kinds of commerce transactions, Business-to-Consumer (B2C) and Business-to-Business (B2B). While the general idea of marketing in both stays the same, the role changes when one needs to act in the frame of B2B. Not all businesses are as easily reachable as ordinary consumer, who walks along the street and sees the advertisements, thus, the approach for reaching other businesses must be shaped differently, adding more emphases on searching inside certain industries and approaching separately. When the company becomes more recognizable with a good reputation among target businesses then getting them to consume the product or service becomes easier. They do not have to spend so much time searching for companies because businesses already have the information they need...
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...Part 1. Define Project 1. Explain how you will identify and understand the scope of the project you have been assigned. What documentation do you think you will need to source? As Nick Mitchell is the Managing Director; I would approach him to understand the scope of the project. Documentation I may need contract or other agreement, project plan or summary, project brief. Legislative agreement. Other documents outlining expected outcomes of the project. Inclusions and exclusions from the project, project resources, quality standards for project and timeframes for project. 2. For each of the stakeholder groups in the following list , identify who within the organization fits into these categories and why they are important in the context of the project. STAKEHOLDER | WHO | DETAILS | Project Sponsor | Alexis Schuler | The Project Sponsor is the individual with overall accountability for the project.The Project Sponsor is primarily concerned with ensuring that the project delivers the agreed business benefits. | Managers, employees and relevant key personnel | Nick Mitchell – Managing Director Meg Natoli – Company Accountant Bryon Page – Sales Manager & Key Client Contact Sandra Ngo – Editorial Manager Bob Breman – IT Manager Stella Galanis – Office Manager & Nick’s PA | Managements have an interest in projects undertaken by their organization, and their approval will be required. | Any other stuff members who have special responsibilities...
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