...Unit 1 – AO1 – Investigate the roles and responsibilities of two contrasting public services and describe their purpose AO2 – Investigate the internal structure and functional areas for two chosen public services The two public services I am going to speak about are the prison service and the army. The reason is because both have a very important part of the keeping Britain safe. The prisons vision is to provide the very best prison service as possible and to help secure the following points. * Hold prisoners securely and safely * Reduce the risk of any prisoners from re-offending * Providing safe and well-ordered establishments in which we treat prisoners humanely, decently and lawfully To make sure the prison service actually completes their objectives they work in * close partnership with our commissioners and others in the Criminal Justice System to achieve common objectives * Obtain best value from the resources available using research to ensure effective correctional practice * Promote diversity, equality of opportunity and combat unlawful discrimination, and * Ensure our staff have the right leadership, organisation, support and preparation to carry out their work effectively. This is what the prison set out to achieve and how they plan to do it but there is a lot more involved in running a successful prison because a prison is a business. The prison has it goals but the prison needs top security to complete the goals. No...
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...In 1899, a year after the Convention of Peking leased the New Territories to Britain, the British moved to establish control. This triggered resistance by the some of the population of the New Territories. There ensued six days of fighting with heavy Chinese casualties. This truly forgotten war has been thoroughly researched for the first time and recounted in lively style by Patrick Hase, an expert on the people and history of the New Territories. After brief discussion of British Imperialism in the 1890s and British military theory of that period on small wars, the heart of the book is a day-by-day account of the fighting and of the differences of opinion between the Governor of Hong Kong (Blake) and the Colonial Secretary (Lockhart) as to how the war should be fought. Dr Hase uses his deep knowledge of the people and the area and to give a full picture of the leaders and of the rank-and-file of the village fighters. New estimates of the casualties are provided, as are the implications of way these casualties are down-played in most British accounts. As a small war of Imperial Expansion, fought at precisely the high-point of Imperial thinking within the British Empire, The Six-Day War of 1899 is of interest, not only to historians of Hong Kong and China, but also to historians of the British Empire and the British Army, and to general readers interested in military, imperial and Hong Kong history. About the Author: Patrick H. Hase (PhD, Cambridge, FSA, Hon.FRASHK)...
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...Evaluate the effectiveness of British leadership in developing strategies and tactics to break the stalemate on the western front. Traditional historic views have always painted a picture of a pompous, out of touch and arrogant Sir Douglas Haig, Commander in Chief of the British Military forces. Over the years revisionist historians have moved to change this perspective putting forward new arguments that show him in a more positive light. This presentation will discuss those differing views, using the battle of the Somme and Paschaendale to support my findings. Out of all the british general Sir Douglas Haig produced the most amount of controversy. Some Traditional views of Haig were that he was unaware of the demands of traditional warfare, he was out of touch of the battle front, and he led his army from his command post in Britain. It was seen that Haig thought of airplanes and tanks as only accessories to man and horse and that he deemed extreme loss of lives as a necessity of war showing a sort of disregard for a soldier’s life. Many people in history and historians themselves have not attempted to hide their distain for Haig. British Prime Minister David Lloyd George was a major example of this he thought that he was egotistic and complacent to human losses. D. winter said that rank was governed by patronage rather than skill. Jay Murray Winter, a history professor at Yale said in his book the experiences of WW1, ‘the rigidity of the British plan was the source of its failure’...
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...exactly what to do and how to cope alone, and this is an example of why it is important for the public services to be over trained in their job. Every public service carry out different roles and responsibilities and it is through command and control that the individual is able to carry out their daily tasks in an effective and efficient way. Command and control ensures that the individual knows EXACTLY what their job entails and it ensures that the individual is fully trained and over trained in the job they specify in. Command and control in the Army is highly important for military exercises such as drill practise/competitions. The individual in charge of the military exercise e.g. Sergeant Major, must have good command and control over the soldiers in order for the soldiers to carry out precision in their drill movements and in order for the timings of the moves to be exact. Also, by having command and control in the Army, soldiers will be disciplined and fully prepared when they come across emergency and dangerous situations e.g. in Iraq or Afghanistan. By standing for no nonsense and being able to correct the soldiers mistakes at an early stage, command and...
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...Republican Army (IRA), representing the independence aspirations of militant Irish nationalism, and the forces of the British Military who were charged with the task of restoring law and order in this part of the United Kingdom. With neither a state of war nor martial law being declared by the British authorities in Ireland – martial law did come eventually in December 1920/January 1921 but it applied only to eight counties in the southern-most part of the country – the military was confined largely to a supporting role, leaving the civil administration based at Dublin Castle heavily reliant on the enforcement powers of the Royal Irish Constabulary (RIC) in its efforts to curb the insurgent Irish nationalists. From the IRA’s perspective, the RIC was seen as “a means to restrain in every locality any opposition to the regime it served.” In a response to this apparent menace, early in 1919 the IRA began a campaign of intimidation against officers of the RIC, who were subjected to threats, violent attacks and exclusion of their families from the local community. Other locals who dared to show support or even sympathy for RIC families thereafter were similarly intimidated. The IRA killed 18 policemen altogether over the twelve-month period ending in December 1919. Six months later, police casualties had risen to a total of 55 killed and a further 74 wounded, indicating a considerable escalation early in 1920 in the IRA’s campaign of violence against the RIC. The British authorities...
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...sources 2 and 3 support the view of the Charge of the Light Brigade given in source 1? The charge of the light brigade was an important moment in British military history and the strategy of this battle and the military leaders came under huge scrutiny. The 3 sources I am going to tale about are descriptions of the Charge of the light brigade, in this essay I will compare and analyse each source and work out how far sources 2 and 3 support the view of source 1. Source 1 is from Timothy Gowing, who was in the British army and an eye witness to the charge of the light brigade, it was published in the ‘Ranks’ in 1895. He describes how the ‘field was covered with the wreck of men and horses’ this gives you the image of how the battle really was, that the battle had clearly not gone well and they had lost many men and horses. He also says how ‘an officer very kindly lent me his field-glass’ this is indirectly praising the hierarchy of the British army, he is portraying them as caring and trying to take the blame off them for how badly the battle went. He also makes a point of how savage and brutal the Russians are, he says how the enemy were ‘hacking at the wounded’ and that they were ‘bloodthirsty’ this is trying to remove the blame from British incompetence. However Gowing does praise and recognise the courage of the normal British soldiers. Source 2 is from Alfred, Lord Tennyson’s poet and published in a newspaper in 1954, he was also the poet of the queen. As the source is a...
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...women in the miliWomen In the Military Historical Contributions Revolutionary war: During the American Revolutionary War thousands of women took an active role in both American and British armies. Most were wives or daughters of officers or soldiers. These women were known as “camp followers” because they maintained a constant presence in military camps. Their duties consisted primarily of cooking, sewing, laundry, childcare, and nursing the sick. Many women also disguised themselves as men in order to serve in the military. Civil War: During the Civil War thousands of women volunteered and signed up to work as nurses. Others helped supply food, sewed clothes and blankets, and did laundry. More than 400 women disguised themselves as men and fought in the Union and Confederate armies. Some worked as spies and messengers. W.W.I/W.W.II: Some of the more known roles of women in W.W.I/W.W.II include nurses, munitions factory workers, sewing bandages, selling war bonds, shipyards and spies. Some also worked on planes as mechanics and pilots. Korean Conflict: During the Korean Conflict most women were restricted to clerical and nursing duties. Vietnam: During Vietnam women served as nurses and were close behind fighting troops and were exposed to combat conditions and fighting forces. They were trained on how to fire the M-16 but were not allowed to fire them. Desert Storm/OIF: During Desert Storm over 40,000 US military women served in key combat‐support positions...
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...he was only eight years old to occupy his family’s 400 acre farm. In 1757 during the French and Indian war is Knowlton enlist into the ranks of the 8th Company, 1st Connecticut Regiment as a Private. He does several enlistments in the Connecticut Regiments, and in 1759 he is listed as Sergeant Major of 3rd Company, 1st Connecticut Regiment. A year later in the same company Knowlton earns the rank of Ensign. Two years of serving as an Ensign he is moved to 10th Company and is promoted to Lieutenant. During this year Knowlton fights in the Battle of...
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...Did Britain’s victory in the Falklands War owe more to the superior training, élan and command structure of the British armed forces vis-à-vis the Argentinean conscript army than to Britain’s superior military technology? (2611 WORDS) The Falklands War was a conflict over what seemed an insignificant archipelago of islands in the South Pacific, 500 miles from the coast of Argentina and 8000 miles away from the British mainland. The conflict was the result of 149 years of unsuccessful diplomacy[1], which resulted in an Argentinean “recovery”[2] of what they held as the “Malvinas” islands. This led to the outbreak of the last successful conventional campaign of the twentieth century. After the Argentine surrender on June 14th of 1982, the debate of why and how the British achieved victory became prominent. Some believe that it resulted from better training, a more effective command structure and the thrust with which the British embarked on the campaign. Others judge that the victory was due to Britain’s superior military technology. This essay will explore the extent to which this idea was credible. The comparison between the British and Argentineans will be made. This war, which is described as “two bald men fighting over a comb”[3], will be examined in order to understand the combination of factors that resulted in British victory in the spring of 1982. In order to answer why the Argentineans’ attempt at repossession was unsuccessful, it is significant to look...
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...Some people have the view that the events of Dunkirk in 1940 deserve to be remembered as a triumph for Britain and its people. How far do these sources support or contradict this interpretation Dunkirk was an important event during WWll. By 10th May 1940 the German troops had advanced through the parts of France and had advanced the beaches and ports of Dunkirk causing the Allies to retreat and to be trapped. Due to hesitation Hitler did not order the Germans to attack. This allowed Operation Dynamo to take place. This gave the Allies 10 days to be evacuated back to Britain. A variety of boats and ships, which were mostly privately owned, allowed the evacuation to take place. This meant that 140,000 French and 200,000 British troops were rescued. However the consequence of this made France surrender and over 100,000 pieces of ammunition left for the Germans to take or destroy. In addition to the 220,000 troops that were left behind. This essay would be considering both arguments through the evaluation and analysis of a range of sources. B3 taken from a GCSE textbook and supports this statement. It is portraying the fact that Dunkirk should be considered a triumph by stating that 340,000 men, 71 heavy guns and 595 vehicles were rescued. Furthermore it shows that the RAF fighter planes shot down 3 German planes for every RAF plane lost. The evidence from the source also shows that Dunkirk was a triumph and was emphasised by Churchill. However the source lacks detail by...
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...1755 the British and American army lead by General Braddock set off on an expedition to take Fort Duquesne from the French. Several miles away from the fort the Anglo-American army was ambushed by a French and Indian force. This massacre sent shockwaves back to the British soil. The British army was already stretched across the world and did not have the man power to fight and win the war in America against the French and protect the other possessions in the empire. The British royals realized that there was a great solution to this problem. They could send Scottish troops to fight in America in place of British troops. Not only did this remove the threat of another uprising it improved relation with their Scottish counterparts as they provided needed jobs for the worsening economy. Mass recruiting for the first highland regiment bound for America started at the beginning of 1756. They accomplished this by putting up bulletins up all throughout Scotland and the promise of being allowed to use Highland weapons to kill the King’s enemies was enticing for many. (Highlander 10) As a result of the uprising the Highlander clans were forbidden to wear their full plaids or carry weapons under the Prosecution Act. As stated in the book, “only in the king’s service would they be able to have swords, pistols, and war like goods and chase the Indians thro’ the woods.” The first unit create was called the 42nd Foot, which is also the same battalion number for the famous British Black Watch...
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...the nature and design of the operation, direct the joint warfighting functions, constantly assess the process, and lead soldiers by providing direction and motivation. Although mission command is a newly coined term, its principles have been apparent since 1775 when the colonial army was formed. Following the initiation of the American Revolutionary War, American military troops trapped British forces inside the city of Boston. Lacking the forces necessary to attack the rebels, Gen. Thomas Gage, the British commander, opted to secure the surrounding terrain on the Charleston Peninsula. He hoped to prevent the enemy from capturing the terrain that would enable them to bombard Boston with artillery. Aware of the enemy’s plan, Col. William Prescott led approximately 1,200 soldiers atop Breed’s Hill (originally thought to be Bunker’s Hill) on June 16, 1775, and constructed an earthen redoubt. In response, the British Army deployed 2,300 soldiers to attack the colonials. After three bloody assaults, the British captured Breed’s Hill. Although the British gained control of the Charleston Peninsula, it was a Pyrrhic victory because the end state did not substantially alter the state of the siege. The British lost over a third of their forces, whereas the colonials suffered fewer casualties with only 405. Colonel Prescott, although outmanned and ill-equipped with inexperienced soldiers, successfully executed four of the six principles...
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...Force Management in the British Army As leaders in the United States Army, it is important to understand the capabilities and limitations of our strongest allies. As stated in the Quadrennial Defense Review, “Central to the security of the United States is a strong transatlantic partnership, which is underpinned by the bilateral relationships between the United States and the governments of Europe” (QDR, 2010). As the United States military undergoes sequestration, we will become increasingly more reliant on the support of our strongest allies to deter our enemies and, if necessary, project the international will to our collective enemies. In order to fully understand their system, it is important to understand their current force structure and the radical changes they are making under Army 2020, their current manpower reduction plans, their equipment capability development and material development systems, and the documentation methods. British Military as our Strongest Ally Over the last decade, the British has been our strongest ally in Afghanistan and Iraq. Currently, the United Kingdom is one of only three countries with a brigade deployed to Afghanistan (US, UK, and Germany) (NATO, 2013). They currently have 7900 personnel deployed to Afghanistan which is more than 9% of the coalition total. As Force Managers, it is important for us to have an understanding of the force structure, personnel, and equipping plans of our strongest ally in order to have an appreciation...
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...I am SGT Jason Sharp. I have been in the Army for 7 years total. I initially joined the Reserves in Florida as a Construction Equipment Repairer. After a year I got bored and decided to go Active Duty. In the process I changed my MOS to Healthcare Specialist. After that AIT I went to Airborne School and reported to the 261st MMB of 44th MEDCOM. I attended WLC making the Commandants List. I deployed for 15 months to Afghanistan filling various aid station and evacuation roles. I PCSed to 1/325 AIR in 2009. I deployed to Haiti as a platoon medic for Charlie Company. For the deployment to Afghanistan I served as the Senior Mentor for the ANA Combat Medic Course in RC-South leading two other US medics and training over 100 Medics for the Afghan Army. When the battalion deployed to Iraq I served as a platoon medic for Delta Company, being tasked with PRT Escort and QRF. During the Iraq deployment I passed the promotion board and pinned E-5 November 2011. Upon return from Iraq I was assigned to the position of Delta Company Senior Medic. I completed a semester of school at Fayetteville Technical Community College completing 17 credit hours with a GPA of 3.35. When I returned from school I was assigned as Alpha Company Senior Medic. I attended the US Army Advanced Airborne School’s Jumpmaster Course and passed all 5 tested areas with first time GOs. Goals: Complete Ranger School, ALC, get senior parachutist badge, earn promotion to E-6, and go to Drill Sergeant...
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...There were many African Americans who fought in the Revolutionary War, both American and British armies. Some of the men that enlisted were men who were runaway slaves and joined on hopes of freedom. The documents discussed in this assignment were written by two African American men who were runaway slaves that fought in the Revolutionary War. One reading is a letter that was written to the U.S. Commissioner of Pensions and the other letter was written as Memoirs of the Life of Boston King. The readings consist of why they joined the army, their reasons for running away and their life after war. Jehu Grant was an African American slave who was motivated to write his document after being denied pension. He felt that his explanations would hopefully change the mind of the court’s ruling, and he would be granted is pension for serving in the war. The other document is a memoir of the life of Boston King, who was also a African American slave. Boston King wrote about his participation in the war, and the time he spent there. Boston also wrote about his reasons for joining and his life after the war. This document was written to describe The British armies and the part that African Americans played during and after war. Both documents were written for public view and intended to inform African Americans as well as the courts. The readings were both produced long after the events took place. There is a lot of information in both reading that could possibly be history topics. Some...
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