...On January 13, 1910, tenor Enrico Caruso prepared to perform an entirely new activity: sing opera over the airwaves, broadcasting his voice from the Metropolitan Opera House to locations throughout New York City. Inventor Lee deForest had suspended microphones above the Opera House stage and in the wings and set up a transmitter and antenna. A flip of a switch magically sent forth sound. The evening would usher out an old era—one of dot-dash telegraphs, of evening newspapers, of silent films, and of soap box corner announcements. In its place, radio communications would provide instant, long-distance wireless communication. In 2009, America celebrated the 40th anniversary of the creation of National Public Radio; thanks to deForest, 2010 marks the centennial of the true birth of the era of public broadcasting. Wireless telephony had been several decades in the making. European experimenters (including Heinrich Hertz, for whom the radio frequency unit hertz is named) had contributed to the field in the late 1800s by experimenting with electromagnetic waves. In the 1890s, Guglielmo Marconi invented the vertical antenna, transmitting signals of ever-increasing distance; by 1901, he could send messages from England across the Atlantic Ocean to Newfoundland. Thanks in part to these advances, in December 1906, Canadian inventor Reginald Fessenden was able to arrange a holiday broadcast to operators off the Atlantic seaboard. His singing, violin playing and biblical verse reading...
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...China : A lot of press releases but not a lot of action Production • • • • • • • • Enlight Joy Media Huayi Brothers Qin Jia Yuan (listed) Canxing (Star TV) eeMedia (Hunan) Shixi Media China Vision Media (listed) Network • • • • • • • CCTV SMG Star TV Phoenix Satellite Jiangsu TV Hunan Satellite Travel Satellite • • • • • • Platforms Beijing Gehua Shanghai OCN Guangzhou CATV Hunan CATV Zhejiang Huashu BesTV (IPTV) Key Players • • The Chinese broadcasting & cable TV market has experienced very strong overall growth in recent years, with a total revenue of US$19.1bn in 2011, representing a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 11.7% between 2007 and 2011. The performance of the market is forecast to accelerate, with an anticipated CAGR of 14.6% for the five-year period 2011 – 2016, which is expected to drive the market to a value of US$37.8bn by the end of 2016. HH TV HH DTT HH Pay TV Pen Broadband Pen TV Adv Pay TV ARPU p.a. 5 years CAGR 411M 381M 63M 56% 38% $9.4Bn $10.7Bn $37 12% 1 China Market Trends – more detail on networks Advertising prices (ratecard in USD per 15s) Channel Jiangsu TV Hunan TV Peak value $36,667 $28,571 Audience ratings ranking in 2011 Channel CCTV1 (General) Hunan TV CCTV6 (Movies) CCTV5 (Sports) CCTV3 (Variety) CCTV1 (General) Dragon TV Liaoning TV CCTV2 (Economy) CCTV5 (Sports) CCTV3 (Variety) Dongnan TV • $26,349 $23,810 $19,048 $17,143 $15,873 $15,524 $13,571 Jiangsu TV Zhejiang TV CCTV-News CCTV4...
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...09BE08989 MASS COMMUNICATION 400LEVEL SIS STELLA ARIBUGIZOR MAC 423 TOPIC: HOW CAN YOU USE RURAL BROADCASTING PROGRAMMES TO DEVELOP ASONG? Rural broadcasting programmes are mostly programmes that are produced and coordinated by rural dweller for the main purpose of creating awareness and influencing development. Before a person can venture into creating programmes or understand the meaning behind rural broadcasting programmes, we have to understand the meaning of a community radio and how it works. Community radio can be defined as a medium of communication that is owned, controlled and runned by the people in the community it is for the people, by the people and of the people. We must also understand the meaning of a radio broadcasting it means transmitting content to a particular area. In other words you give the people in the community what you think they need, and you can also go and find out what the people in the community needs. Always note that the main basic objective of rural broadcasting is to have nation development. You can use rural broadcasting programmes to develop Asong by getting a very active and energetic staffs of the rural broadcasts department to broadcast special programmes to the indigenes of Asong, such as the farmers, the fisherman and most especially the women in the community, this agents would ensure that these indigenes practice what they hear on the air, so as to get a desired result. The languages that would be used in these...
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...Ji’nan Broadcasting Corporation What are the key issues facing Zhou Jianglin? The DVP is scheduled for launch in January 2002 which was 6 months from the initiation. Based on inputs from Chin(Postel) a project of DVP’s magnitude would require a lead time of 8-9 months. An alternative would be to source equipment from multiple suppliers. Sourcing the equipment from multiple suppliers would Type approval which would add uncertainty to the project and the approval itself would take 3 months. If multiple suppliers are involved clear demarcation points are required to avoid potential conflict of interest. There were internal objections from other division MDs. MD of Radio and Television Programming was of the opinion data & voice was the business of China Post & Telecom. Another MD, of the Radio & Television Broadcasting was of the opinion Alcatel equipment was more robust than Nortel’s. Budget was a key constraint as RMB 110 million was sanctioned but the initial estimates suggested it might cross the same. JBC needed in-house expertise to remotely monitor the network which was lacking. Zhou was not sure if reselling of long distance capacity was permitted by the Chinese government. - - Trace the history of decisions made in the data and voice project. 1) What were the decisions made? What were their implications? Decisions made and their implications are as follows - To launch the DVP by January 2002 – This decision was made without keeping in mind the time required to...
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...FM Broadcasting began in Alpine, New Jersey right on the top of the New Jersey Palisades. This was where Major Edwin Howard Armstrong, the inventor of FM radio built Alpine Tower, also known as “Armstrong Tower” in 1937. As the discoverer of frequency modulation “FM” in 1933, Armstrong spent many years experimenting on this discovery while working for RCA. Armstrong went through several legal battles throughout his thirteen years of FM discovery and research (and following his death). On April 10, 1938 Armstrong broadcasted for the first time on FM radio, from his experimental call sign W2XMN. The FM radio was discovered after RCA’s former president David Sarnoff asked Armstrong to provide “a little black box” that could eliminate the static that plagued AM (amplitude modulation) broadcasting (FYBush). Ten years later, Armstrong discovered how to change the radio waves frequency. After Armstrong’s discovery and when David Sarnoff realized how great his discovery was. “This is not an ordinary invention," Sarnoff declared, “This is a revolution." (Amplifier) Sarnoff gave Armstrong RCA’s experimental television laboratory on top of the Empire State Building. Eventually, Sarnoff felt threatened by this discovery. RCA was slowly working on commercial television, and they did not want to spend extra money replacing radio equipment once Armstrong’s FM technology was accepted by the FCC (Federal Communications Commission). Armstrong was asked to remove his equipment from the laboratory...
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...COMM 106 BROADCAST * TV * medium of greatest impact * MOJO * Mobile Journalism * Mobile journalist * Vericorder + smartphone = you can now make a story for radio and TV RADIO * Origin of Broadcasting * Development of USA was adopted also in the Philippines. PERSONALITIES INVOLVED IN THE ORIGIN OF BROADCASTING Lee de Forest * Father of radio * Invented the vacuum tube on 1906, after 10 years it was perfected. * First to cover the Presidential Election David Sarnoff * a Russian immigrant * wireless operator * first to work together with the electronic companies in the U.S [Westinghouse, GE, AT&T] * Created the RCA (Radio Corporation of America) lead by David Sarnoff. * established the NBC (National Broadcasting Company) Frank Conrad * First to prove Sarnoff's convention that people will listen to radio. * Started to broadcast music in 1919, Pittsburgh. * Stimulated the sales of radio and leads the Three Companies to develop sets. * Westinghouse opened a radio station called KDKA on Nov. 2, 1920 KDKA * first fully licensed commercial broadcasting in the USA Early 1920's * KDKA was first introduced in the Philippines. * We had the first radio station in the Philippines called KZIB. But was closed due to financial reasons and they don’t have the technical ability. KZIB * Isaac Beck-first to invest * 20 watts Broadcast Call Letters * KZIB * KDKA ...
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...The Canadian Broadcasting Corporation was created on november 2, 1936. The CBC was originally proposed as an national broadcasting corporation that would be publicly oriented. Unfortunately the proposition made in 1928 never followed through until 1936 due to the Great Depression and the stock market crash in 1929. When it was created it took the initiative of broadcasting to all of established Canada. As you can see they were a large corporation, that also had many contributions to Canadian, society, politics, and culture. The CBC helped to innovate and implement technology in Canadian society during this time. They helped to advance the creation of the television and its role in Canadian lives. They helped advance wavelength technology in...
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...PBS is a public broadcasting service. This service offers commercial free shows that are educational. This educational media helps children get ready for success in school. This service is funded by the members donations, grants, and government help. The use of PBS has been around since 1969. The topics of shows include arts, culture, food, health, history, home, how to, news, parents, science, nature, and technology. People all around the United States watch PBS and use it in different ways. Teacher's and parent's have used this site for many years to educate young children. Education is very different today than it was in 1969 when PBS started. This service has to go through many changes to keep up with each new year. Such changes would be new topics, updated videos, and a new website. This channel has so many different topics that it also helps educate adults. PBS operates more than 350 stations. PBS serves all the fifty states. PBS also serves the countries that America owns such as Puerto Rico, U.S. Virgin Islands, American Samoa, and Guam. During the years 2011 and 2012. PBS has been awarded and nominated 123 times. The television station of PBS has been working with university’s for years. Sixty eight percent of the stations have set up a partnership with local universitys. I found it interesting that in a year 31.6 million children ages 2-11 watch PBS Kid's. More than 11 million children use the PBS kids website each month. PBS Kid's offers seven literacy skills and...
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...Running head: BROADCASTING AND SOCIETY 1 What Impact is the DVR Having on the Advertisers? Steven Joseph Spayer November 12, 2014 BC 323 – Section IC2 – Broadcasting and Society Professor: Dr. Roger Sadler Western Illinois University BROADCASTING AND SOCIETY 2 Introduction As technology changes in the communication environment, the impact is felt in the advertising field. In case advertisers fail to adapt as well as monitor the changes being witnessed field of technological communication, they face the threat of losing millions of funds, which they direct to ineffective advertising spending. The DVR (digital video recorder) is one of the major revolutions in technology that advertisers should familiarize themselves with to remain successful in the industry (O'Guinn, Allen, & Semenik, 2011). Since a DVR makes it easy for a viewer to avoid advertisement commercials, it can have significant implications on the creative and placement strategies that the advertising industry exercises. The DVR is creating serious fears to the advertising industry, some certain opportunities are provided by the DVR technology. The advertising industry realizes opportunities by establishing mutually dependent affiliations with television networks, hence creating a communication platform that offers economic benefits to the two entities (Neff, 2010). The focus of this article is to depict the impact that DVR has on advertisers based on the technological advancements that realized in the...
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...DEVELOPMENT BROADCASTING Week 3 MYTHS ABOUT DEVELOPMENT COMMUNICATION MYTH 1 Dev com is merely supportive to other project proponents or project interventions: Communication is a legitimate intervention in itself. In fact, many would argue that in projects that aim for long-term behavior change (i.e. population control, social forestry and even resource management), communication becomes the main intervention. Some would even go as far as saying that the development process is a communication process. MYTH 2 Dev com means communication media or materials. Communication is a process. It does not refer to media nor materials only; in a working environment ruled by management audits and performance indicators, it is all very convenient to focus on concrete deliverables and output such as posters, leaflets, TV spots or press releases. However, in doing so we may be missing the whole point of having an IEC component in the first place, which is effectively tap the spontaneous and dynamic societal process that brings about social change. We cannot substitute this process with any given material. We can only hope to facilitate it. MYTH 3 The development project, program or organization is the source of information. Being a process, we cannot really determine where communication begins and ends nor can we accurately identify the original source and the ultimate receiver. We tend to suffer from the illusion that the development project, program or organization...
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...Indicators Balance Scorecard Appraisal & Review of Business Policy Measurement 4 4 5 6 7 9 3 How should the senior team in BBC Broadcasting & Presentation develop their thinking to sustain the momentum of total quality/business excellence? Pillars and Dimensions of Total Quality Management Customer Focus Continuous Improvement Employee Investment and Empowerment Systems Thinking Plan-Do-Check-Act Cycle Leadership Customer Focus through Customer Relationship Management (CRM) European Forum for Quality Management (EFQM) Balance Scorecard Programme Management Process (BSPM) Establishment and set up of Programme Office Strategic Analysis Strategic Development Strategic Implementation Strategic Implementation: Measure and Appraise 10 11 11 12 14 14 15 16 16 17 19 19 21 22 22 23 4 Conclusion 24 5 Bibliography 25 Executive Summary BBC Broadcasting & Presentation began their quality journey when their mission statement was emerged out of a lengthy process. They develop objectives that connected to their mission. To deliver their mission they had critical success factors and key performance indicators than linked to the critical success factors. They also assigned owners to each critical process and total quality measures were put in place. BBC Broadcasting & Presentation needed to introduce changes due to the diversification of the department’s customer base, an almost 50% increase in staff numbers...
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...Digitalization in broadcasting is the application of digital technologies in the process of sourcing, producing and disseminating broadcast content. The digital revolution is changing broadcast journalism by changing the way and manner in which we produce and consume news, which is mostly visible in television broadcasting, considering it’s audio-visual nature that gives room for exploration. Broadcast journalism in Nigeria came in through the invention of radio distribution system in 1933 and the commissioning of Ibadan station in 1939. The concept of television can be traced back to 1938. In that year French physicist Alexander Edmon Becquerel observed the eletro chemical effects of light. (Bitner, 1991, p. 112) Television broadcasting in Nigeria kicked off on October 1, 1959 with the establishment of Western Nigerian Television (WNTV) which blaized the trail not only in Nigeria but also in Africa. (Akinwalere, 2013)....
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...Kenya Communications Amendment Act (2009) Progressive or retrogressive?1 by ptah Association for Progressive Communications (APC) September 2009 1 This report was written as a part of APC’s Communication for influence in Central, East and West Africa (CICEWA) project, which is meant to promote advocacy for the affordable access to ICTs for all. CICEWA seeks to identify the political obstacles to extending affordable access to ICT infrastructure in Africa and to advocate for their removal in order to create a sound platform for sub-regional connectivity in East, West and Central Africa. This was possible thanks to Canada's International Development Research Centre (IDRC). Contents Preface.................................................................................................................3 1. Introduction.......................................................................................................4 2. Background to ICT policy making in Kenya.............................................................5 3. To regulate or not to regulate the media in Kenya? ................................................6 3.1. A failure of media responsibility? ....................................................................6 3.2. Key media concerns.......................................................................................7 3.2.1. Section 88: Inheriting the problem ..........................................................7 3.2.2. Enforcement...
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...WWW.IBISWORLD.COM Internet Publishing and Broadcasting in the US August 2014 1 High-speed growth: The internet’s advertising expenditures will increase, spurring growth IBISWorld Industry Report 51913b Internet Publishing and Broadcasting in the US August 2014 Stephen Hoopes 2 2 2 2 3 About this Industry Industry Definition Main Activities Similar Industries Additional Resources 17 International Trade 18 Business Locations 34 Regulation & Policy 34 Industry Assistance 20 Competitive Landscape 20 Market Share Concentration 20 Key Success Factors 21 Cost Structure Benchmarks 23 Basis of Competition 24 Barriers to Entry 24 Industry Globalization 35 Key Statistics 35 Industry Data 35 Annual Change 35 Key Ratios 4 5 5 5 7 9 Industry at a Glance Industry Performance Executive Summary Key External Drivers Current Performance Industry Outlook 36 Jargon & Glossary 26 Major Companies 26 Google Inc. 27 Facebook 28 Apple Computer, Inc. 11 Industry Life Cycle 13 Products & Markets 13 Supply Chain 13 Products & Services 15 Demand Determinants 16 Major Markets 31 Operating Conditions 31 Capital Intensity 32 Technology & Systems 33 Revenue Volatility www.ibisworld.com | 1-800-330-3772 | info @ibisworld.com WWW.IBISWORLD.COM Internet Publishing and Broadcasting in the US August 2014 2 About this Industry Industry Definition This industry includes organizations and individuals that offer nonphysical products such as...
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...dominant media of the second half of the twentieth century. Television has had an immense impact on human society in many forms including sociality, knowledge, experience and leisure. After the first experimental broadcasts in America in the 1920s, the British Broadcasting Corporation was set up in 1922, however television broadcasting did not begin until 1936 when an estimated 23,000 people saw the first broadcasts. In 1939 television had ceased and was described as something that would amount to nothing. During the war the radio was extremely popular and this was the case for several years after as television sets were expensive and had limited broadcasting hours with poor receptions. The BBC was dominated by their director general, John Reith, who had negotiated a position where the BBC was independent from both the government and free from the pressures of market forces. For the BBC had an assured income from all those who owned radio receivers. Reith had established a corporation with aims to inform, educate and entertain the public as a whole, making available cultural experiences that they would otherwise not have seen [HOLLAND, 1997: Page 8]. Up until the 1950s the BBC had a monopoly on broadcasting and it wasn’t until 1951 that various criticisms began to emerge. The 1951 Beveridge report was critical of the stance and arrogance of the BBC and there were even reports suggesting that it should be discontinued. In 1953 the coronation of the Queen was broadcast...
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