...Lobster is one of the commodities that Indonesia export fisheries worth selling high. Lobster exports by 2014 reach 3,427 tons valued at US $42.8 million (Ditjen P2HP 2015). The value of selling lobster is affected by type, size, and condition or completeness of her body. In the morphology of almost the entire body of the lobster is covered by a hard and sharp spines. Palabuhanratu is one of the centers of the lobster fishery in the South of West Java. Gill nets blo'on nets/Basic is a tool commonly used to catch Palabuhanratu fishing to catch lobsters. One of the factors that affect the efficiency and the capture of fish on the net is a big base of the gills hang-in ratio used. The higher the HR which is used then the amount of material (the nets) Unity long more and more so that the net is getting slack. Hang-in ratio (HR) commonly used fishing nets the gills of Palabuhanratu basis of 52%. Already the use of HR are efficient to catch lobster? While the body of the lobster itself is filled with thorns. The presence of spines that provide great opportunities for lobster terpuntal on the net and the more difficult it is released when having HR high. Difficulty releasing the lobster terpuntal on the NET allows patahnya lobster body parts. During this time if the fishermen get a very terpuntal lobster catches in the net, they release the lobster by means of cutting the net to preserve the quality of the lobster (no damaged parts of the body). The cutting of the nets constantly can...
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...he term shrimp is used to refer to some decapod crustaceans, although the exact animals covered can vary. Used broadly, it may cover any of the groups with elongated bodies and a primarily swimming mode of locomotion – chiefly Caridea and Dendrobranchiata. In some fields, however, the term is used more narrowly, and may be restricted to Caridea, to smaller species of either group, or to only the marine species. Under the broader definition, shrimp may be synonymous with prawn, covering stalk-eyed swimming crustaceans with long narrow muscular tails (abdomens), long whiskers (antennae) and slender legs.[1] They swim forward by paddling with swimmerets on the underside of their abdomens. Crabs and lobsters have strong walking legs, whereas shrimp have thin fragile legs which they use primarily for perching.[2] Shrimp are widespread and abundant. They can be found feeding near the seafloor on most coasts and estuaries, as well as in rivers and lakes. To escape predators, some species flip off the seafloor and dive into the sediment.[2] They usually live from one to seven years.[3] Shrimp are often solitary, though they can form large schools during the spawning season.[2][4] There are thousands of species, and usually there is a species adapted to any particular habitat. Any small crustacean which resembles a shrimp tends to be called one.[5] They play important roles in the food chain and are important food sources for larger animals from fish to whales. The muscular tails...
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...chili, or soy sauce. Mango is used to make juices, smoothies, ice cream, fruit bars, pies, or a sweet and spicy chili paste. It is popular on a stick dipped in hot chili powder and salt or also as a main ingredient in fresh fruit combinations. “In Central America, mango is either eaten green mixed with salt, vinegar, black pepper and hot sauce, or ripe in various forms”(Fresh mangos, 2011). Toasted and ground pumpkin seed with lime and salt are used in their country when eating green mangoes. Some people also add soy sauce or chili sauce. Pieces of mango can be mashed and used as a topping on ice cream or blended with milk and ice as milkshakes. Shrimp The Shrimp’s name was derived from the Middle English word shrimpe that meant "pygmy”. “History shows that as far back as the 7th century travelers like Marco Polo mentioned Shrimp being a staple part of the...
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...Sex pheromones in Lysmata shrimps Rui Yang BIO4995 Undergraduate Research Advisor: Dr. Junda Lin July 30, 2010 Introduction Many crustaceans species, such as crabs (Ryan 1966; Gleeson 1980; Seifert 1982; Hardege et al. 2002; Kamio et al. 2002), lobsters (Atema 1984 for a review), and crayfish (Ameyaw-Akumn and Hazlett 1975; Tierney et al. 1984), copulate with the females using chemical compounds as sex attractants. Pheromones as a kind of chemical signals are widespread in aquatic species. To communicate and mate, sex pheromones that emitted by male or female become the most important chemical messages and are also used in mate choice. Sex pheromones are classified two types: distance pheromones and contact pheromones. As a kind of water-borne (aquatic species) or volatile (terrestrial species) chemical, distance pheromones can take effect within a certain range in water or in air Chang et al. 2007, Lim and Greenfield 2008). Kamio et al. (2002) found that post-molt females can release a water-borne pheromone, which is different from pre-molt females. Unlike distance pheromones, contact pheromones are insoluble and coat the female’s body (Kamiguchi 1972, Bauer 1979, Borowsky 1991, Zhang and Lin 2006). In many animals, pheromones are detected by specialized receptor organs, such as vomeronasal systems of vertebrates (Halpern and Martinez-Marcos 2003). But crustaceans sense chemicals through an organ called cuticular sensilla. Antennules, as the first part of antennae, have...
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...world's 112.9 million metric ton fish catch. The following year, it was 13th among the 51 top fish producing countries with a total fish production of 1.8 million tons. In 2001, the country's fish yield further increased by 166,101 metric tons. There are different kinds of fishes and other aqua creatures like tilapia, tuna, mackerel, talilong, shrimps, seashells and most commonly the country’s national, the milkfish or bangus. Milkfish (Chanos chanos forskal) of bangus as locally comprises the bulk of aquaculture production in the Philippines. Its farming is regarded as the backbone of the Philippine aquaculture. They are hardy and fast growing, and can be raised in fresh and brackish water ponds, pens and cages. Being one of the dominant farmed-species for aquaculture, milkfish farming is geared towards high-density culture system, due to little or no prospect of expanding the brackish water farming area; support capture fisheries production which is on its continuing decline; and the rise and fall shrimps industry, due to disease problem. The industry’s remarkable progress can be attributed to the growing number of experienced shrimp farmers that are shifting to intensive milkfish culture. Various modifications in bangus culture have been developed towards attaining high bangus production. This manual aims to guide our fish farmers with systematized and modified milkfish farming practices. Milkfish production represents one of the main sectors of the nation's fishery industry...
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...Advantage: The fisheries and aquaculture sectors are significant contributors to the economy of Vietnam. Direct production value (at the farm gate or on the wharf) in 2003 was approximately Ð25 trillion ($1.7 billion) or approaching 4% of GDP. Export earnings from fish, shrimp and other seafood products totaled about $2.2 billion in 2003 of which 52% was shrimp 1) Natural and environmental factors : +) Vietnam has a land area of 329,200 km² , an exclusive economic zone of about 1 million km², and a coastline of 3260 km, with 28 provinces abutting with the The sea area of Vietnam can be divided into four main regions as shown in Table 1 Table 1 : Biomass and estimated MSY | Fish stock 000 tons | TAC 000 tons | Tonkin Gulf | 681.2 | 272.5 | Central Region | 606.4 | 242.6 | South Eastern | 2075.9 | 830.5 | South Western | 506.7 | 202.3 | Sea mounts | 10.0 | 2.5 | Total sea area | 300.0 | 120.0 | | 4180.2 | 1670.4 | MSY = maximum sustainable yield, TAC = total allowable catch Source: Fistenet based on RIMF 1997 estimates. +) Vietnam has a dense river network, including 2,360 rivers with a length over 10km. Eight have large basins with catchments of more than 10,000km². This river network includes many international rivers that originate in other countries. +) With some of the provinces in the Mekong delta , mangroves are central to the sustainability of many of Vietnam’s fisheries. => potential to develop in shores fisheries. +) Weather type...
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...The Shrimp Commodity System A Sustainability Institute Report by Denise Johnston, Chris Soderquist and Donella H. Meadows There’s a basic fear between your world and mine. I don’t know why. What I came to say was, teach the children about the cycles. The life cycles. All the other cycles. That’s what it’s all about, and it’s all forgot.” —Gary Snyder. “To/From Lew” July 2000 © Sustainability Institute PO Box 174 Hartland Four Corners VT 05049 Inquiries to d.meadows@dartmouth.edu Table of Contents Commodity Project Background ...................................................................................... page 2 The Shrimp System .......................................................................................................... page 3 Wild Shrimp Fisheries Shrimp Aquaculture Model Purpose and Development..................................................................................... page 4 Model Structure ................................................................................................................ page 5 Scenarios from the Model................................................................................................. page 9 Scenario 1: Unbounded Aquaculture Scenario 2: The Environment Strikes Back Scenario 3: Help for the Fishery Scenario 4: Best Practice for the Shrimp Farmers Summary of Dynamic Lessons ....................................................................................... page 12 Notes on Process to Date...
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...IN THE MARVELOUSLY sensitive eyes of mantis shrimps, scientists have found cells that could inspire an overhaul of humanity’s comparatively clumsy communications hardware. Mechanical analogs of their eyes “are among the most important and commonly used optical components, and the cellular structure we describe significantly outperforms these current optics,” write researchers in a study published Sunday in Nature Photonics. Mantis shrimps are reef-dwelling marine crustaceans who trace their evolutionary lineage straight back to the Cambrian age 500 million years ago, before vertebrates had even evolved. They’re so biologically unique that biologists call them “shrimps from Mars.” They possess the animal kingdom’s most complicated eyes, capable...
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...“Gun- Snapping-Shrimp” The snapping shrimp is considered the loudest thing in shallow water. In which they let off a loud popping noise. Snapping shrimp are also known by “pistol shrimp”. Living in burrows of the costal ocean making crackling sounds everywhere you turn. The snapping shrimp typically grows 1-2 inches and is a part of the Alpheidae family. Their tiny critter is what produces the “sound louder than a jet engine”. You can find these creatures in the tropical seas residing in the shallow water; the Mediterranean has a great number of them. Snapping shrimp consist of a color that looks to be dirty-green with one big claw and a smaller sized claw. The overly larger claw can sometimes be bigger than the snapping shrimp body making...
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...Assessment - Operating Plan - Financial Plan - Executive summary The new business venture I planned to invest would be a Shrimp Farmer. The market demands of organic food have increased the global production of freshwater shrimp farming. Shrimp has become the most popular seafood in the United States. On the other hand, consumers are becoming more conscious and concerned about the environment damage. Many shrimp farmers often use antibiotics and hormones to increase the shrimp production. The methods used before to meet the shrimp’s demands have dramatically damage environment. Now, many advances in researcher found new methods and technology that have changed the scenario. Business Description Carrillo’s Shrimp Farm would be placed in the Desert of Imperial Valley to combine the effects of the hot sun with the qualities of deep pumping well water allowing a faster growth. The shrimp would be raise in a pond with significantly depth water having as a mission a fresh, healthy, and free hormone shrimp. Since the well water rich in mineral would be drawn from deep pumping, it would carefully monitor for pollution, contaminants, and pathogens. Neither pesticides nor chemicals would be added to care about health negative effect such as neurological damage and E. coli. Before introducing population to the ponds, the baby shrimp should be properly acclimated to reduce stress and death. Another factor that prevent unnecessary stress is a PH...
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...INDUSTRY IN MALAYSIA – THE CHALLENGES FOR BLUE ARCHIPELAGO BERHAD PREPARED FOR: Prof. Dr. Premkumar PhD (USM) Prepared By: Wan Haniff bin Wan Ahmad Submission Date 1 April 2012 CONTENTS No. Description Page 1 Executive Summary 3 2 Background 3 3 Problem Statements 5 4 Sustainability 6 5 Stakeholders Analysis 7 6 BAB Supply Chain 9 7 Gap Analysis 13 8 Recommendations 15 9 Conclusion 15 AQUACULTURE INDUSTRY IN MALAYSIA – THE CHALLENGES FOR BLUE ARCHIPELAGO BERHAD EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Blue Archipelago Berhad (BAB) is a shrimp aquaculture company dedicated to the production of premium quality seafood for the global market. BAB business is built on the foundations of high quality standards, food safety, ecological sustainability and social responsibility. Their ultimate aim is to develop a Malaysian seafood brand that is associated with wholesomeness and integrity. However, to grow shrimp BAB has to face many challenges especially disease and shortage of fry from supplier. Disease has become major treat to Grow out (GO) in Kerpan Kedah. In the modest world economic growth it is expected to result in continued strong consumer demand. The continued economic recovery in Asia countries particularly Japan and china, should result in increased demand for food. Consumers are increasingly concerned about food quality and environment sustainability. Moreover, there is an increasing worldwide dominance of global retailers, processors and food service...
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...ISSN 1684–5315 © 2009 Academic Journals Full Length Research Paper Effect of Bacillus subtilis on the growth and survival rate of shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) Hadi Zokaei Far1, Che Roos B. Saad1*, Hassan Mohd Daud2, Sharr Azni Harmin1 and Shahram Shakibazadeh1 1 Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Agriculture, University Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia. Department of Veterinary Clinical Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, university Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia. 2 Accepted 17 March, 2009 The effect of Bacillus subtilis, isolated from digestive tract of Macrobrachium rosenbergii was investigated on growth and survival rate of Litopenaeus vannamei during 60 days of culture. Sixteen aquaria with four replicates were used for treatments and controls. Treatment groups were consisted of ) shrimp fed diet with B. subtilis (T1), and ii) shrimp fed diet mixed with B. subtilis and commercial probiotic (T2). Control groups were consisted of ) shrimp fed diet with commercial probiotic as positive control, and ii) shrimp fed unaltered diet as negative control. Results showed that B. subtilis was proliferated in digestive tract of treated shrimps, and the number of Vibrio spp. was reduced in digestive tract during the cultural period. Survival rate, 75.5± 4.62 %, and yields of shrimps, 190.00 ± 13.13 g, treated with B. subtilis were significantly greater (P 0.05) was found between aquaria with or without the addition...
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...Penang cuisine is the cuisine of the multicultural society of Penang, Malaysia. Most of these cuisines are sold at road-side stalls, known as "hawker food". Penang has the reputation as being the "food paradise" in the region as it offers a diverse and exotic mix of Malay, Indian, Chinese and western cuisine, which reflects the multicultural mix of the city. It is popular among locals and tourists alike. Local Penangites mostly find these hawker fares cheaper and easier to eat out at any time of the day due to the hawker stalls all around Penang island. So much so that it was recently voted one of the top food destinations by New York Times readers. On February 22, 2013, Penang was ranked by CNN Travel as one of the top ten street food cities in Asia. Locally known as “hawker food” because it was traditionally prepared and sold by vendors who roamed the streets shouting out their wares, there is a huge variety from noodles to rice originated by the different races which make up Penang’s rich culture. However, we have more than that: we have both street food and home-cooked food, all equally popular with young and old, locals and visitors alike. One of the food is Penang laksa also known as asam laksa from the Malay for tamarind, comes from the Malaysian island of Penang. It is made with mackerel soup and its main distinguishing feature is the asam or tamarind which gives the soup a sour taste. The fish is poached and then flaked. Other ingredients that give Penang laksa...
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...Porter's Diamond of National Advantage (Part I) Classical theories of international trade propose that comparative advantage resides in the factor endowments that a country may be fortunate enough to inherit. Factor endowments include land, natural resources, labor, and the size of the local population. Michael E. Porter argued that a nation can create new advanced factor endowments such as skilled labor, a strong technology and knowledge base, government support, and culture. Porter used a diamond shaped diagram as the basis of a framework to illustrate the determinants of national advantage. This diamond represents the national playing field that countries establish for their industries. The complete Porter’s Diamond system (Porter, 1998, pg 127) The individual points on the diamond and the diamond as a whole affect four ingredients that lead to a national comparative advantage. These ingredients are: The availability of resources and skills, Information that firms use to decide which opportunities to pursue with those resources and skills, The goals of individuals in companies, The pressure on companies to innovate and invest. The points of the diamond are described as follows: I. Factor Conditions A country creates its own important factors such as skilled resources and technological base. The stock of factors at a given time is less important than the extent that they are upgraded and deployed. Local disadvantages in factors of production force...
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...Supply Chain of Shrimp Production in Thailand 1 Introduction The increased world market demand for shrimp has led many developing countries to enter this appealing market through massive use of shrimp farms which has had a significant impact on the world's mangrove forests because of over production and lack of care for the environment. Thailand has become the world's leader in shrimp exports, and in turn, the greatest violator of mangrove conservation. The Thai shrimp farming industry started to boom in the 1980s and was subsidized by the government. Thailand quickly became an important shrimp export industry and has been the world's largest producer of tiger shrimp since 1991. Because of the financial incentives of producing shrimp from the viewpoint of a farmer are much more attractive, more and more farmers switch from growing rice to producing shrimp. In 2009 Thailand produced over 539,000 tons of shrimp. Due to this rapid expansion and the shift into shrimp farms across Thailand, mangrove ecosystems and other parts of agricultural land have been exploited of their natural resources. The United States and Japan are the largest export markets for Thai shrimp and the demand is steadily increasing. Therefore the Thai shrimp industry has to find ways in which they can cater to the increasing demand while reducing the exploitation of their natural resources. In recent years the government stepped in and created laws to deal with shrimp farmers who damage the fragile ecosystem...
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