...What are the main facts of the case? A. Children of color were denied admission to White students only schools under laws requiring or permitting segregation according to the races. B. The White and Black schools approached equality in terms of buildings, curricula, qualifications, and teacher salaries. C. Black children like Linda Brown and her sister, Terry Lynn, had to walk through a dangerous railroad switchyard to get to the bus stop for the ride to their all-Black elementary school. There was a school closer to the Brown's house, but it was only for White students. D. Many public facilities were segregated by race under the laws. 1. What amendment to the constitution was involved? The Fourteenth Amendment to the Constitution was involved. The system violated the Fourteenth Amendment guaranteeing that people will be treated equally under the law. 2. What is the issue or what are the issues in this case? The issue regarding this case is whether or not the segregation of children in public schools solely on the basis of race deprives the minority children of the equal protection of the laws guaranteed by the Fourteenth Amendment in which its Equal Protection clause requires each state to provide equal protection under the law to all people within its jurisdiction. 3. What did the Supreme Court decide? The Supreme Court decided that state laws requiring separate but equal schools violated the Equal...
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...Civil Rights The struggle for equality has been a battle fought for hundreds of years amongst Native Americans, African Americans, and Mexican Americans. When we hear the words civil rights often we conjure images of Martin Luther King Jr. delivering his soul-stirring “I Have a Dream” speech before the nation’s capital. The truth is, minorities have been fighting for their civil rights way before the 1950’s in fact it dates way back to the early 1880’s when Native Americans lost their lands, family, culture but most importantly their rights as human beings. America deprived Native Americans of their rights and ways of living by recruiting the young children to try and stop them from growing up to become “savages,” as the USA described them and instead civilize them and turn them into men of class. The USA though they were doing the Native Americans a favor by civilizing them when instead all they were doing was destroying the most valuable thing a man has in this world which is his family. If being taken away from your family wasn’t bad enough students at federal boarding schools were forbidden to express their culture, everything from wearing long hair to speaking even a single Indian word. They lost not only their language, but also their American Indian name. In my opinion I don’t see how the USA was doing Native Americans a favor by the intent to completely transform people, inside and out, language, religion, family structure, economics, the way you make a living...
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...Abstract This evaluation was conducted on a scenario centered on the politics of education. To evaluate the scenario, laws and statues as well as similar court cases will be compared and used to determine proper action for and against the presented scenario. The scenario entails about a high school principal refusing to provide special education to a severely disabled tenth-grade student. The principal is very prominent as she worked as a special education teacher and an assistant principal in a wealthy school district. Based on the presented scenario, this evaluation will assess the possibility of ruling in court as well as give an opinion on the matter. Keywords: special education, principal, parent, disabilities, court Special Education for Student with Disabilities Debbie Young is a high school principal of esteem. Not only was she a special education teacher, but she was also an assistant principal of a wealthy school district in the South. Young was approached by the parent of a disabled student named Johnathan to enroll her son in the district. Johnathan is severely disabled with multiple disabilities that require constant care by a specialized nurse. His is mentally disabled, has a seizure disorder, and has quadriplegia. Debbie Young refused to enroll the child because of the necessary expenses and the belief that the school would not be able to appropriately tend to his needs. Laws that protect the rights of students with disabilities are present, but the laws may...
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...Shapers of the American Education System The historical events that have shaped America and contribute to all that is quintessentially “American” can also be seen in the evolution of our country’s education system. There are many key contributors and events in history that have led up to the education system and the challenges and triumphs that we see today in schools all across America. The most significant theme that runs throughout the evolution of our modern education system is the evolvement of attitudes and philosophies that were at times controversial, but without which, the school system we know today would cease to exist. There are four notable shapers to this evolution of attitudes: John Calvin (1509), John Dewey (1916), Brown vs. the Board of Education (1954), and the No Child Left Behind Act (NCLBA) of 2002. These four shapers mark clear delineations in the purposes and attitudes that have shaped our education system at distinct fork in the roads along the path to today’s school experience in America. John Calvin John Calvin was the leading face and voice of the protestant reformation movement. He, along with Martin Luther of the Lutheran reformation, believed that states should sponsor schools and that the general public deserves to have access to schools. His purpose behind this idea was that every citizen should be able to read the Bible for themselves and have the knowledge to become a productive member of society (Webb et al, 2010). In order to be a great...
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...The article “The Desegregation of Higher Education, Race Conscious Admission Policies and the Federal Constitution,” was written by Taj’ullah Sky Lark in June 2012. Lark received her PHD ED at Hampton University in Virginia and is a racial justice specialist/human rights activist who has been involved in many non profit boards throughout the years. Her article was published in The Journal of Pan African Studies, an online peer reviewed scholarly journal that focuses on building a transnational community. The journal’s main focus is also on the synthesis of research scholarship and African American experiences, thus it is meant to target audience who are interested in learning more about oppressed minorities. Taj’ullah Sky Lark’s main purpose of writing this article, is to give us an overview on important events that occurred to alter the direction of race conscious admission policies. Knowing the history will give us a better understanding of when and how affirmative action was...
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...Shawn Ray EDU-210 October 3rd, 2015 Tara Armstead Movers and Shakers in Education From 470 to 399 B.C. Socrates lived a life of questions. Every day he questioned people and engaged them in philosophical conversation. This earned him both many student followers and many enemies who eventually had him condemned to death. "To all the philosophers that came after him, Socrates not only left the example of his life but also a new sort of inquiry (that is, social inquiry) and a new way of pursuing that inquiry, namely through the use of the Socratic method of question and answer." (Satris, 2015). Many different schools arose after Socrates death and claimed that they followed his examples, which is one reason why Socrates remains a giant in philosophy today. The Socratic Method can be used by those who are less wise than Socrates ever was himself, thus it could be said that Socrates had a mission that proved successful on the direction of philosophy which has had an effect that can never be undone. This ultimately has an effect on how philosophy is taught and how philosophers think in our present day lives and educational careers. The common school movement began to take place in the 1830's where a more state sponsored compulsory education for the masses set the foundation for what eventually becomes the educational system we have now in our everyday lives. There were schools for the poor, pauper...
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...movement peaked in the 1950’s and lasted through the ending of the 1960s. Through the numerous arrests of individuals, protests, and sit-ins around the country, marchers for a better way of living marched on. The main country that was mostly affected by the Civil Rights Movement was the United States of America. The 1954 decision of Brown v. Board of Education, 1963 March on Washington was just a corner piece of one of the biggest movement to ever happen in the US. One of America’s most notable court cases, Brown v. Board of Education, changed the mindset of so many people. From December 1952-May 1954 the case brought different viewpoints that supported the case, but it also brought negative support as well. Before the 1954 decision that ruled separate educational institutions unequal, that was the court case of Plessy vs. Ferguson of 1896 that argued that state laws should establish separate public schools for black and white children. Many people thought that Plessy vs. Ferguson was the backstage scene for the Civil Rights Movement, but others disagree. The “Separate but Equal” idea remained in America until the historic case of Brown v. Board of Education. The Civil Rights Movement called for a time of change and many people wanted their voices to be heard and wanted their equal rights to be met. Many protestors marched numerous days with little to no respect or with their demands for equal rights being met. Some protestors wanted to march in a peaceful demonstration while...
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...Carli J. Riblett SPE-226 November 20, 2015 Mark Mendez Special Education and the Implications of Attitude, Litigation, and Legislation A person’s initial reaction when they see a child with special needs is typically compassion; however that is not and has not always been the case. For this very reason the federal and state governments have put into action certain laws to protect these children and their families. There is always room for improvement but it is a good start and has helped with providing education to fit the individual needs of these children. Attitudes are formed by a person’s experience or first impression of a situation or the particular environment they may be in. the human race holds certain expectations for how people should look and act because of these expectations we tend to surround ourselves with a group of people that have the same or similar view and expectations. When a child does things different or has a different appearance they tend to be excluded from the typical or popular groups. These children are different for many reasons most that are out of their control. Children that look, act, or communicate differently because of where they come from, because they have special needs, or even a language barrier are typically not accepted by the popular or dominate groups. Because of these differences and the fact that these children may not live up to the expectations of the general population it cause discomfort because the people are unaware...
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...Brown v. Board of Education Brown v. Board of education case took place in 1954. It is one of the most important cases in the American history of racial prejudice. The U.S. Supreme Court recognized separate schools for blacks and whites unconstitutional. This decision became an important event of struggle against racial segregation in the United States. The Brown case proved that there is no way a separation on the base of race to be in a democratic society. Brown v. Board of education is not a case just about education and children, it is a case of everybody being equal. Brown v. Board of Education was a beginning for American people to understand that separate but equal is not the same. The Brown case revealed this. It was the reason why blacks and whites do not have separate accomodations any more. Separate and equal does not exist any more, Brown v. Board of eduacation made everyone equal. The first case in which African American challenged the doctrine of separate but equal in the United States public education system was in Boston Massachusetts in 1849. Prior to Brown v. Board (1954), from 1881 to 1949 there were eleven cases initiated to try an integrate schools in Kansas. The schools that the African American children attended were not equal to their white counterparts. Most of the time the African American students had to travel farther than white students to get to their schools. The schools for African Americans were run down with-of-date...
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...everything was separate; schools, restaurants, etc. Her father had been a sharecropper and together with Gayle’s mother raised her and two sisters and a brother there in their small Georgia town. Knowing better than to ask a Southern woman her age, I did get her to admit that “Integration finally arrived when I was in 7th or 8th grade in the late 1960s” but change was slow and “we still had separate proms in high school.” Two Supreme Court decisions stand as de-facto bookends of the segregation era, Plessy vs. Ferguson and Brown vs. Board of Education. The former, in 1896 solidified “separate but equal” facilities for blacks and whites giving credibility to what became known as the Jim Crow laws that codified segregation (Schaefer p. 181). However, as a practical matter it gave the green light to inexcusable policies where property and services provided to blacks were inferior until 1954 and Brown. It chipped away at Plessy by allowing seven year-old Linda Brown admittance to a “white” school four blocks away, rather than having to attend the “black” school miles away (Schaefer p. 185). Segregation still leaves a legacy of broken down schools and inadequate economic opportunities that exist today. Gayle’s story however, is about the Black family emerging from that legacy, tenuous as that might be at...
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...formal education and the minimal education that they did receive was poorer of quality. There were fewer funds for colored schools, hence why they had substandard teaching materials and programs. Without the necessary funds, the schools couldn’t afford many books, highly educated teachers, or even enough classrooms. Few instances were where no black schools offered any courses leading to a Ph.D. or any architecture and engineering courses to its students. Law and medical courses were only offered in one or two black colleges, while in white schools there were numerous courses for these subjects. This led to major events like Brown vs. The Board of Education and the Little Rock Nine. The Brown vs. Board of Education incident started when Linda Brown was denied admittance to an all-white elementary school in Topeka. In Oliver Brown’s (Linda’s Father) lawsuit, Brown claimed that all-black schools were not equal to the all-white schools, and that segregation violated the “equal protection clause” of the 14th Amendment, which expressed no state can “deny to any person within its jurisdiction the equal protection of the laws.” The Supreme Court’s decision was that state laws that established separate public schools for black and white students were unconstitutional. The decision then led to the “Little Rock...
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...Assignment #1 – Davis v. The Board of County Commissioner of Doña Ana County Lisa Auvil January 22, 2012 Business Employment Law - HRM 510 Dr. Zelphia A. Brown, SPHR, Instructor Assignment #1 – Davis v. The Board of County Commissioner of Doña Ana County 1. What is the legal issue in this case? The legal issue in this case is negligent referral (Walsh p 148). Negligent referral is when a former employer gives a positive recommendation that leads to half-truths with regards to the character of a former employee. Liability may be imposed if the referral leads to foreseeable and considerable risk or harm to a third party (McCord 1999). Mesilla Valley Hospital (MVH), a psychiatric hospital in Doña Ana County hired Joseph Herrera (Herrera) as a mental health technician on January 20, 1995. Prior to his employment with MVH Herrera was a detention sergeant and classification officer at Doña Ana County Detention Center (Detention Center). According to the plaintiff Herrera was hired by MVH based on the unqualified favorable recommendations from his former Detention Center Supervisors Frank Steele and Al Mochen. The accuracy of these recommendations is the crux of the Plaintiff’s suit against the County ("Davis v. the," 1999). 2. Why does the court conclude that Doña Ana County could be held liable for negligent referral (misrepresentation)? While employed at the Detention Center in 1993 a female inmate alleged that Herrera had sexually harassed her...
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...concordia.ca [SUBJECT: FINA 411 …….] Classes: FINA 411/2A Mondays 11:45 - 14:30 [MB1.437] FINA 411/2C Wednesdays 11:45 - 14:30 [MB5.255] Office Hours: Mondays and Wednesdays 15:30 -- 16:30 [Please e-mail me first to confirm] and by appointment COURSE DESCRIPTION: This course focuses on modern investment theory and its application to the management of entire portfolios. It will consist of lectures, discussions of cases and articles, and video presentations. Topics include: a) construction of optimal asset portfolios using techniques such as the single index model, b) extensions of the capital asset pricing model: theory and tests; example, the zero-beta model, c) criteria for evaluation of investment performance, d) active vs. passive portfolio management, e) investment strategies. The Formula Growth Investment Centre Lab will be used to demonstrate the use of specialized investment software. Computer exercises are assigned to illustrate the application of the theory. Prerequisites: FINA 380 or 385; FINA 390 or 395. LEARNING OBJECTIVES To understand the theory and practice of Portfolio Management for Individuals and Institutions, e.g. Endowments, Mutual Funds, Pension Plans, etc. To learn about the key Asset Pricing Models. REQUIRED: Text: Bodie, Zvi, Alex Kane, Allan J. Marcus, Stylianos Perrakis, Peter J. Ryan and Lorne Switzer, Investments, 8th Canadian edition, McGraw-Hill, 2014 [BKMPRS] Text website: http://highered...
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...Rock, there had been many fights for equality. Some of the main cases are Plessy V. Ferguson and Brown V. Board of Ed. After the Plessy V. Ferguson case it was agreed upon that every school would stay separate, but had to be equal, and this created the Plessy Doctrine. How could it be equal if they were separate? Even though they were supposed to be equal, the resources and education were dramatically different. Later in 1954 Linda Brown’s father decided he was not going...
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...Week 3: Ethnic Groups and Discrimination Edwina Joy Akens ETH / 125 April 10, 2011 Ellen McPeek Glisan Axia College of University of Phoenix Week 3: Ethnic Groups and Discrimination This first question, did African Americans get colonized or immigrate to the United States caused me to take pause and reflect on my history in a manner that I had not done before. As an African American student there were always classes in which we were taught about our history, how we came to this country as slaves, etc. But never did the question come up about whether or not we were colonials or immigrants. The concept has always been, “people of African descent have not been counted as part of America's migratory tradition. The transatlantic slave trade has created an enduring image of black men and women as transported commodities, and is usually considered the most defining element in the construction of the African Diaspora…” (Diouf, n.d., In all of the history classes taken never once was there addressed the question of whether or not African Americans come as colonials or immigrants. Interestingly enough, after extensive research there was more confusion that expected. The transatlantic slave trade is all that was generally taught, especially when I was in middle and high school which was over 40 years ago. Therefore, my initial response to this question was we were neither colonials nor immigrants, we were simply ‘property.’ Now, I’m not so sure. According to my research...
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