...the murder of his abusive father. A jury of twelve men (the committee) is locked in the deliberation room to decide the fate of this young boy. All evidence is against the boy and a guilty verdict would send him to die in the electric chair. The judge informed the jurors that they are faced with a grave decision and that the court would not entertain any acts of mercy for the boy if found guilty. Even before the deliberation talks begin it is apparent most of the men are certain the boy is guilty. However, when the initial poll is taken Juror #8 (Henry Fonda) registered a shocking not guilty vote. Immediately the room is in uproar. The rest of the jury resents the inconvenient of his decision. After questioning his sanity they hastily decide to humor the juror #8 (Henry Fonda) by agreeing to discuss the trial for one hour. Eventually, as the talks precede juror #8 slowly undermines their confidence by saying that the murder weapon is widely available to anyone, and that the testimony of the key witness is suspect. Gradually they are won over by his arguments and even the most narrow minded of his fellow jurors hesitantly agrees with him. Their verdict is now a solid not guilty. Arriving at a unanimous not guilty verdict does not come easily. The jury encounters many difficulties in learning to communicate and deal with each other. What seems to be a decisive guilty verdict as deliberations begin slowly becomes a questionable not sure. The movie deals with issues relating to the...
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...Summary The play is set in a New York City Court of Law jury room in 1957. The play opens to the empty jury room, and the Judge’s voice is heard, giving a set of final instructions to the jurors. We learn that this is a murder case and that, if found guilty, the mandatory sentence for the accused is the death penalty. After these instructions, the jurors enter. The men file in and decide to take a short break before deliberating. They complain that the room is hot and without air-conditioning; even the fan doesn’t work. All the jurors presume the obvious guilt of the defendant, whom we learn has been accused of killing his father. Eventually, the twelve sit down and a vote is taken. All of the jurors vote “guilty,” except for the 8th Juror, who votes “not guilty,” which, due to the requirement of a unanimous jury, forces them to discuss the case. The jurors react violently against this dissenting vote. Ultimately, they decide to go around the table, explaining why they believe the boy to be guilty, in hopes of convincing 8th Juror. Through this discussion we learn the following facts about the case: an old man living beneath the boy and his father testified that he heard upstairs a fight, the boy shouting, “I’m gonna kill you,” a body hitting the ground, and then he saw the boy running down the stairs. The boy claimed he had been at the movies while his father was murdered, but couldn’t remember the name of the movies or who was in them. A woman living across the street...
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...Part I 1. Foreman Assertive 2. Bank TellerNon –Assertive 3. Massage service owner Aggressive, Assertive 4. Stock Broker Aggressive, Argumentive 5. Man from SlumsAggressive, Authoritarian 6. PainterArgumentive 7. Baseball FanAggressive 8. ArchitectArgumentive 9. Feeble Old ManNon -Assertive 10. Garage OwnerAggressive 11. WatchmakerNon-Assertive, Argumentive 12. AdmanNon -Assertive Part II A. Who was the leader of the jury, and why? Architect became the leader of the jury, although Balsam was the nominal foreman and Massage service owner was the dominant personality through aggression. B. Witch member of the jury would have made the worst leader, and why? Message service owner for his aggression and racism. Baseball Fan for his indifference and preference to just get out and see the Yankees game. C. What were the major differences between the leader and the man you choose for B. Architect is patient truth-and-justice seeker who uses soft-spoken, calm logical reasoning; balanced, decent, courageous, well-spoken and concerned; considered a do-gooder (who is just wasting others' time) by some of the prejudiced jurors. Massage service owner rude and husky man, extremely opinionated and biased, completely intolerant, forceful and loud-mouthed, temperamental and vengeful; estrangement from his own teenaged son causes him to be hateful and hostile toward all young people (and the defendant); arrogant, quick-angered, quick-to-convict, and defiant until the very end...
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... All three of these factors would influence how the jurors would interact with one another and would eventually have a major impact on the final verdict. Juror 8 was so successful in convincing the other 11 jurors for two simple facts. He demonstrated assertiveness and use of reason. While his peers and the foreman fell into a group think mentality from the outset of the movie. Once the 12 jurors are escorted to the deliberation room and checked in the forming of the group commenced. When the bailiff locks the door all the jurors minus number 8 are surprised. The mood of the room turns from relief to despair. Juror 8 does not say a thing nor does he turn away from the window he is looking out of. The foreman at this time tries to call all the jurors to the table and start the deliberation process. The foreman starts out by instructing the group to perform a blind vote on the case. The foreman starts out by trying to have the total buy in from the group and does not create any type of rules or guidelines he wishes to place on the deliberation process. By doing this the foreman is playing the role of conformity and not from a position of a leader. The group at this stage is still forming and there is not a true leader nor have roles been defined. The foreman does have the jurors sit around the table in sequential order based upon their juror number. From this point the blind vote occurs and comes back 12 to 1 guilty. The jurors find out that number 8 is the only...
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...April 23, 2014 Comm 151 12 Angry Men: Communication Analysis In the film, 12 Angry Men, viewers come across a group of men who display the different communication dynamics – both the positive and negative sides. Chapter 7 encompasses the idea of Group and Team Communication Skills and how one should communicate effectively among others. To help better understand, 12 Angry Men is centered on a jury’s deliberation in a murder case. A group of men are given the job to deliberate the life of a young boy who has been accused of murdering his father. With only a knife that’s been left behind in the murder scene and a few witnesses who claim they heard the boy scream and run out of the room; these 12 jurors will have to come up with a reasonable doubt in favor to spare the boys life or cast him guilty. Eleven of the jurors vote guilty while Juror 8 is the only one who votes “not guilty.” As the story starts to unfold, viewers get a glimpse of the juror’s personalities, communication approach, culture, preconceptions, and background and how theses factors influence their deliberation and their treatment towards one another. We can draw from the film that poor Conversational Style was used, the book notes, “Sometimes barriers are not in words but in how they are delivered” (145). These men were not respectful with one another when it came to speaking their turn due to their difference in opinions; which led them to lash out at one another. The book encourages waiting our turn politely...
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...reasons or examples/the logic used to support a claim (induction and deduction); can also be the facts and statistics used to help support the argument. Juror 8: • asked the jurors to discuss this for just an hour; won’t “send a boy off to die without talking about it first” • made each small point of his persuasion very easy to accept and as logical as possible so none of the rest could easily object to it Juror 4: • a stockbroker who refuses to budge until he is presented with sound reasons for changing his mind Ethos: Appeal based on the reputation and character of the speaker. The source's credibility, the speaker's/author's authority Juror 8: • had the needed character/frame of mind to be credible. He walked in to the deliberation unprejudiced and open-minded about the evidence given during the trial Pathos: Appeal based on emotion. Emotional or motivational appeals to make your audience feel the way you want them to. Juror 8: • asked for an anonymous vote • couldn’t persuade the other jurors so asked to just take a vote Contrast: Make what you want someone to do more attractive by comparing it to another choice that is less attractive. Juror 8: • asks the jurors to imagine the accused was their child Know the audience and its predispositions: Know where your audience is coming from in order for you to know which angle you can best appeal to. Simplicity/Clarity: The message is boiled down to its essence and uses language and syntax that everyone...
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...groupthink, to investigate other facts and points of view that were not presented in the courtroom. He has a sympathetic personality, and uses another method of appealing to higher values within the group to attempt to influence the members. The use of higher values and reason allows for more open discussion amongst the group and for the discovery of the personal biases and how the personal experiences of each juror has lead them to quickly decide on the boys guilt. Juror 8 maintains a calm, professional rapport with the group and through his methods is able to emerge as the natural leader and overshadow the foreman who is agitated when order cannot be kept. Juror 8 is an effective leader because he is not taking a side in early deliberation; he is just...
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...first vote, which was done publicly, it was obvious that conformity took place. In the words of Wikipedia, “Conformity is the process by which an individual's attitudes, beliefs, and behaviors are influenced by what is conceived to be what other people might perceive.” As they took this initial vote you can see how each are looking around to see how the next person is voting so that they can vote with the majority, even though they barely put in time to talk the case through – except Henry Fonda (HF). All except HF only has the concern of getting out of deliberation as soon as possible. HF truly would like to discuss the case in details and to look at it from all possible angles. While he may think the boy may have killed his father, he still believes he deserves a fair and thorough trial, especially since a guilty verdict sentences the defendant to death. Unfortunately, the high level of conformity caused the jurors deliberations to go on longer than it may have if everyone initially gave the vote they wanted with some sort of reasoning behind it whether or not it disagreed with the next man. The initial nonchalant vote caused some jurors to attempt to influence others in order to convince them of their case. Many of the jurors wrote off the boy based on stereotypes about growing up in the slums and belonging to a minority group. There were also some who were biased towards the evidence presented and only chose to reflect on the evidence that was directly related to their reasons...
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...12 Angry Men The 12 Angry Men movie was a perfect example of the Bruce Tuckman Scheme. Once the Jurors go in for deliberation they immediately start two get into the stages of the scheme. Once they are all in the juror’s room and get settled they start the storming stage. As soon as the juror’s get into the storming stage there is a lot of arguing. By the time they start the norming stage the juror’s are still arguing with one another but they are starting to listen to the people who are trying to show there opinion of reasonable doubt. By the end they all get to go home once they come to a unanimous decision. When the juror’s enter the room at the beginning of the movie they automatically start the forming stage to get each to know each other. When they first get into the jurors room most of them are ready to vote guilty and go home. When juror eight votes not guilty all the other jurors got really mad. At that moment they entered into the forming stage. Juror eight explains to the others why he felt that the defendant was not guilty. They all voted again and anonymously and one juror had changed his mind. After the second vote the other ten jurors got even more upset because they new they were going to be there even longer. The jurors entered into the norming stage as juror eight explained all the reasons why he had voted not guilty. As he explained each of his reasons for not voting the defendant guilty, one by the jurors started to change there opinion about convicting...
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...SOCIAL JUSTICE According to Wampler (2012), who based his study of PB in Brazil, PB was initially introduced in the 1980s to address the issue of political exclusion and corruption of Brazil’s military dictatorship in hope for political renewal. This program functions primarily upon the participation of its citizens, including those that have no political access, on the allocation of public resources and the use of state authority. He states that the citizens are forced to make choices regarding the allocation of resources and this directly alters government spending as direct participation of the citizen condone new areas of spending – through adoption of “Quality of Life Index” – a measure that emphasis on social justice concern by prioritizing resource allocation to districts with higher poverty and limited infrastructure. PB program further extend to European countries such as France, Germany, and Spain, as well as the United States and Asian countries (Shah, 2007). PB in Europe was introduced to address the issue of growing difficulties of social demands, continual public investment cuts and to rebuild the trust of its citizens – focusing on the aspects of modernization and improvement of public modern resources efficiency (Allegretti & Herzberg, 2004). In countries that implements PB, some notable side effects has been clear, that is PB helps poor citizen to resolve their mutual matters by encouraging these citizens to participate in political field (Wampler...
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...HCC industries, a manufacturing company that produces hermetically sealed electronic connection devices along with microelectronic packages, is headquartered in Encino, California. Considering their highly sophisticated product line, one of HCC’s main clients was the U.S Military and government funded aerospace programs. HCC is made up of four distinct operating divisions: Hermetic Seal, Sealtron, Glasseal, and Hermetite. The divisions are highly decentralized and completely autonomous of each other. They all have different customer bases, different product lines and even different accounting systems. The divisions are also profit centers, by definition; each was responsible for their sales, costs, and bottom line. Each division also needed approval for any capital acquisition over $500. Target Setting Each division was evaluated in 7 standard key areas: Profit before Tax, Bookings, Shipments, Returns (as a % of total dollars shipped), Rework Aging, Efficiency (net sales/no. of employees), and Delinquencies, which were measured on dollar volume and % of delinquent orders outstanding. These evaluations were measured each quarter (with monthly “check-ins”) and were highly emphasized, the most of which was Profit before Tax. Until 1987, HCC stressed “stretch” performance targets. Top management felt that these aggressive targets would push managers to produce the very best results, even though they knew that the intended probability of meeting these objectives was around 75-80%...
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...A SUMMER TRAINING REPORT ON “STUDY OF CORPORATE BUDGET AND PROJECT APPRAISAL” SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENT FOR THE AWARD OF DEGREE OF POST GRADUATE DIPLOMA IN MANAGEMENT (FINANCE) By Abhay Goyal 13DM006 Under the guidance of Dr. Girish Jain Mr. Anil Kumar Professor DGM (F&A) Accounting and Finance ONGC BIMTECH New Delhi 2013-15 TABLE OF CONTENTS CONTENTS CERTIFICATE FROM MENTOR v CERTIFICATRE FROM HR vi SUMMER PROJECT CERTIFICATE vii ACKNOWLEDGEMENT viii LETTER OF TRANSMITTAL ix LETTER OF AUTHORIZATION x EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 1 1. INTRODUCTION TO THE COMPANY 3 1.1 Background 3 1.2 Overview of the Company 3 1.3 ONGC Group of Companies 4 1.4 Basic Information 5 1.5 Organization Structure (CRC) 5 1.6 Vision and Mission Statement 6 1.6.1 World Class 6 1.6.2 Integrated In Energy Business 6 1.6.3 Dominant Indian Leadership 6 1.7 Strategic Vision 6 1.8 Salient Features about ONGC 6 1.8.1 ONGC in Global Rankings 6 1.8.2 ONGC- Achievements in ensuring Energy Security of India 7 1.9 Corporate Social Responsibility 7 1.10 Future Outlook 8 1.11 ONGC Offices All Over India 8 1.12 Organization Structure of the Finance Function of ONGC 9 2. FINANCIAL STATEMENT ANALYSIS 11 2.1 Financial Performance of ONGC (2012-13) 11 2.1.1 Sales of ONGC 11 2.1.2 Net Profit of ONGC from the Year 2007-13 11 2.1.3 Debt-To-Equity Ratio 12 2.1.4 Dividend of ONGC from 2007-13 12 2.1.5 Earning Per...
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...Prices: It helps the management in fixing selling prices of products or services by providing detailed cost information. 5. Helps in Inventory Control: It helps in inventory by using various techniques such as ABC analysis, Economic Order Quantity, Stock levels, Perpetual Inventory system and Continuous Stock Taking, Inventory Turnover Ratio etc. 6. Helps in Cost reduction: It helps in the introduction of cost reduction programme and finding out new and improved method to reduce costs. 7. Helps in measurements of Efficiency: It helps in measurements of efficiency of operations through establishment of standards and variance analysis. 8. Helps in preparation of Budgets: It helps in the preparation of various budgets such as Sales Budget, Production Budget, Purchase Budget, Man-Power Budget, Overheads budget. 9. Helps in identifying Unprofitable Activities: It helps in identifying unprofitable activities so that the necessary...
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...Discussion Budget, Savings, etc., what are the definitions of these terms? According to an article entitled “Financial Literacy to Everyone” at www.practicalmoneyskills.com, budgeting is plan for your future income and expenditures that you can use as a guideline for spending and saving. Budget came from the old French word “bougette” which means purse. It is practically, a plan and list of all planned expenses and revenue. It is a plan for borrowing, saving, and spending. So why Budget? An average student spends his allowance for books, student housing, tuition fee, and food. These are all expenses encountered not only by students but, in general, most of the people in the world. There are generally three types of expenses usually faced by students, the Academic, Living, and Personal Expenditures or Costs. Academic Costs are usually what eats up the total budget of students. It contains the different expenses that are required in able to carry out a student’s academic life. It varies from tuition fees until the very miniscule expenses utilized for photocopying hand-outs from your professor. Living Costs, on the other hand, are expenses that a student need for day to day living however, indirectly related to academics. These include your expenses in utilities (e.g. electricity, water, and internet bills), personal care expenses (shampoo, soap, etc.), and clothing and food expenses. Lastly, Personal Costs are expenditures that are unique yet still a part of a student’s budget. This...
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...of soap has been fixed at $3.00. The company is in the midst of preparing its budget for 2008 and has furnished the following information. Sales esti mates (in bars of soap): January 120,000 February 150,000 March 100,000 April 120,000 May 140,000 Inventory policy: Closing inventory for finished goods is equal to 20% of next month sales estimates. production requirement. This policy has been maintained since the time the company started its soap production. Required: Prepare the following budgets for the 1st quarter ending March 2008: i) Sales budget ii) Production budget iii) Direct Material Purchase budget (monthly breakdown is not required for this part) Note: Round your answer to the nearest unit or dollar. (3 + 4 + 4 = 11 mar ks) Solution i) Sales budget for the quarter ending March 2008 (3 marks) Month January February March Total Estimated Sales units 120,000 150,000 100,000 370,000 Selling Price per unit $3 $3 $3 Sales Revenue ($) 360,000 450,000 300,000 1,110,000 ii) Production budget for the quarter ending March 2008 (4 marks) Particulars / Month Sales estimates (+) Closing inventory requirement Total requirement (-) Opening inventory Production requirement January 120,000 30,000 150,000 24,000 126,000 February 150,000 20,000 170,000 30,000 140,000 March 100,000 24,000 124,000 20,000 104,000 Total 370,000 24,000 394,000 24,000 370,000 iii) Direct Material Purchases budget for the quarter ending March 2008 (in total) Production requirement for the quarter...
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