...Business and Commerce in the Qur’an By Dr. Mohammad Shafi First written for Dar al Islam Teachers’ Institute Alumni News Letter, Spring 2000 “O ye who believe! Eat not up your property among yourselves in vanities; but let there be among you traffic and trade by mutual good-will”. Surah Al Nisa’ (4), Aayah 29. If you look for the exact equivalent of the words “business” or “commerce” in the classical Arabic language, you will not find them. Modern dictionaries do list words that represent these concepts, but the words they use are really something else. Some may be puzzled by the absence of words in Arabic for professions for which ancient Arabs are so famous. But we should not be surprised because the common usage of these words, and their respective connotations, has relatively recent origins. What is interesting is that most of us no longer think of the origins of these words. Business means anything that keeps you busy. Commerce originally meant social interaction or intercourse between two individuals. Even in our modern connotations of the words, we seldom think of limitations on such enterprise except that they should be in a “free” market and be expected to obey some undefined business ethics. We are led to believe that such ethics are flexible, to say the least; after all, we are told that business and politics are “dirty” businesses. The religious framework of business is very different. One talks about trade, buying, selling, and transactions that...
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...Organizational Behavior Analysis Organizational Behavior BUS610 August 12, 2013 Organizational Behavior Analysis Organization behavior is the study of how individuals and groups affect by organizations. This area includes such topics as recognition, supervisory, learning, motivation, compromise, collaboration, emotions, group processes, stereotyping, injustice, power, and influence. This process involves understanding of serious issues and the ability to handle challenges head-on in order to meet organizational and strategic business goals and objectives. Additionally, through organizational behavior leadership and management is capable of investigating behavioral factors that affect modern organizations and their management at the individual, group, and organization-wide levels (Baack, 2012). In this paper the author will attempt to effectively analyze various behavioral components within the current organization; and define the establish assertiveness displayed by personnel within the organization. Furthermore, the author will address the type of culture, modes of communication, nature of authority, motivational techniques, emotional intelligence, and the future of virtual organization as it applies to organizational behavior of current work place. In the end, this document will provide a brief overview of organizational behavior as well as the understanding of previously mentioned categories analysis of author’s current employer. Currently the author’s organization...
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...Item 1 =========================================================== Managers within a strategic business unit or small organizations can make use of a variety of strategic techniques ideas and tools as part of the business planning process .Critically review the value of the main tools that exist to determine the most appropriate bases of competitive advantage including Porter’s thinking on generic strategies. ===========================================================Word count: 1579 =========================================================== 1. Porter’s Generic Competitive Strategies The Porter’s Generic Competitive Strategy defines whether a company follows competitive advantages through its share market scope. (Porter, Michael E., 1985) Competitive Advantage Competitive Advantage Differentiation Differentiation Low Cost Low Cost Broad Target Broad Target Competitive Scope Competitive Scope Narrow Target Narrow Target There are three generic strategies, either lower cost, differentiated, or focus. The focus strategy has two variants, cost focus and differentiation focus. A firm selects to pursue one of two types of competitive advantages. 1. Cost Leadership: Through lower costs than its competition or become a low cost producer in its industry. 2. Differentiation: By differentiating itself along some dimensions that are widely valued by customers to command a higher price...
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...HIGHER EDUCATION PACK Advice and Information For Students 2014 Entry Higher Education Pack Contents page 1. Introduction 3 2. Important dates 4 3. Choices 5 4. How to Choose your Higher Education Institutions and Courses 6 5. The UCAS Tariff 7 6. Resources to help you choose your Higher Education Course 7-8 7. Investigating a Higher Education Course 9 8. The UCAS Apply Application System 10-13 9. Personal Statements 14-15 10. Planning your Personal Statement - proforma & what to include 16-17 11. The Reference 18 12. The UCAS application fee 18 13. Tracking your application 18 14. Financing Higher Education 19 15. Frequently asked questions (FAQs) 20 Introduction This 'Higher Education Pack' contains vital information and advice about applying to higher education. You should...
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...Cyprus a beautiful island located in the Mediterranean Sea with a population of an average of 900 thousand. Tourism has been a major industry in Limassol for the past forty years. In 1992 due to labour shortages, work permits were given for workers in the agricultural, and manufacturing sectors. Shortly afterwards permits were given for housemaids and cabaret workers. In a discussion with Dr Koliou, infectious disease specialist, it was pointed out that due to globalization we have seen an increase in Aids, Hepatitis B, Hepatitis C, Salmonella and Tuberculosis. Also we have seen a rise in crime which, it is hoped will not be exacerbated by the unemployment figures which are currently rising. Globalization is deeply controversial. some argue that it allows poor countries and their citizens to develop economically and raise their standards of living, while opponents of globalization claim that the creation of an unfettered international free market has benefited multinational corporations in the Western world at the expense of local enterprises, local cultures, and common people. The pros and cons of globalization in Cyprus: 1. (Provides wider choices) Globalization is responsible for the wide range of choices in most products that are available in the market today. Since Cyprus is an island with not many industries, it does not produce the products that can be found today in its market compared to few years ago. 2. (Improves communication and transportation)...
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...Group members will build upon the work from the previous weeks, incorporating instructor feedback. This section of the paper will add in a chosen organizational structure for your multinational and the division in the country you have chosen, addressing the following areas: Describe the importance of understanding culture in global business dealings Apply knowledge to determine the best strategies of expansion in global firms Examine different strategies that can be employed when dealing with human resource management (HRM) in a foreign division Discuss relationships between various multinational strategies and types of organizational structure This section should be 2–3 pages of additional work, not including the previous sections. Describe the importance of understanding culture in global business dealings Culture influences how people interact with each other in the business world. Culture guides decision making behavior, thinking patterns and values. (Brunot) To be successful in global expansion, the need for effective cross –cultural communication has become essential. Knowing a foreign culture is a long-term process of incorporation, comprehension and integration. (IDESLI) Before expanding globally it is important to take the time to know the culture of the country you are expanding in, this shows a sign of respect that will be valued. A businesses that successfully respond to the culture and lifestyle in their new global expansion area...
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...Bibliofind Fundamentals of E-Business – BUS107 August 31, 2011 The computers we use in today’s society are advancing every day. Every child and adult can operate or manipulate most home computers. We are being taught that to succeed in today’s electronic world, the computer will help in providing all the answers. One of the problems we face with the computer is that there are so many rights versus wrong, or good versus bad things that can be done using a computer. In this report we will discuss how Bibliofind might have used firewalls to prevent the intruders from gaining access to its transaction servers, how encryption might have helped prevent or lessen the effects of Bibliofind’s security breach, and the California law requiring companies to inform customers when private information might have been exposed during a security breach. How Bibliofind might have used firewalls to prevent the intruders from gaining access to its transaction servers, where the firewalls should have been placed in the network, and what kinds of rules they should have used to filter network traffic at each point. For people who are not familiar with a lot of computer terms, “a firewall is software or a hardware-software combination that is installed in a network to control the packet traffic moving through it. The firewall provides a defense between a network and the Internet or between a network and any other network that could pose a problem (Schneider, 2011, p.479)”. If Bibliofind had wanted...
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...HESTIA HOUSING AND SUPPORT ADRESS 1ST & 2ND FLOOR MAYA HOUSE ,134-138 BOROUGH HIGH STREET LONDON SE1 1LB TELEPHONE +44 (0) 2073783100 FAX +44 (0) 2074075781 EMAIL info@hestia.org WEB SITE WWW.HESTIA.ORG LEGAL INFORMATION REGISTERED CHARITY: 294555 COMPANY NUMBER: 2020165 NATURE OF BUSINESS: CHARITY OWNERSHIP NO OWNER, RUN BY TRUSTEES SIZE LOCAL SECTOR TERTIARY LIABILTY DOES’T HAVE ANY ORGANISATION FOUNDER JIM HORNE CHAIRMAN MARTIN CHEESEMAN...
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...Business Profile 1 Profile Of A Small Business MGT/300 May 23, 2012 Business Profile 2 The entrepreneur profile that I chose was the Rob Brandegee, Ava DeMArco, creator of Little Earth. This particular profile I took interest with this profile because it was motivating. They created a company that is ecological and offer products that are made with recycled materials. I will be talking about the products, and how their business became successful. I will explore the outcome of globalization within the company. Little Earth Nich DeMarco and Brandegee did research the market for their products. To make the community and consumers aware of their products they joined trade shows in a craft fair in their city. While joining the craft fair, they where able to get feedback from consumers on how they felt about the products, With the information DeMarco and Brandegee gathered information that helped them assist with pricing which is important to stay competitive in the market. Once they decided their target market they where able to find their nich in the market. Their Nich target where individuals who appreciated recycling and understand how important it is to the environment. Little Earths product The products are environmental friendly and bio degradable, all their products are made from recycled Materials. Products Inc. is a business that produces only of a kind fashion assesories like handbags, wallets and belts, out of recycled material...
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...SIX STRATEGIES FOR SUCCESSFUL NICHE MARKETING BY ERIC K. CLEMONS, PAUL F. NUNES AND MATT REILLY Niche marketing is when a company develops a product or service that is currently unavailable in a particular area that will not necessarily be used by the general population. Buisiness are traditionally categorized as low sales, high margin or massive sales and low margins. Modern consumer demands have shaped how businesses offered products in the past, mainly manufacturing in lots and making goods available to all vs now, where you can find the “perfect” brand for your requirements from low cost to high cost products. Target the customer needs carefully- Identifying markets where there is a distress about the existing products or the consumers are in need of a new product for their own purposes. Hewlett-Packard, for example, markets all-in-one machines that print, fax and scan to segments of the home office market, while targeting larger businesses for higher-priced, single-function units. This has given rise to precisely targeting small portions of market where there could be a need for a new product. Listen to Your Customers- There are lot products that are not advertised, but the consumers know about these products. In recent times, it has been easier for companies to research the market with the vast amounts of information available on the Internet, Social Networks and Search Trends. A company should always listen to what their customers have to say about their product...
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...hereby employs the independent contractor as an independent contractor, and the Independent contractor hereby accepts employment. 2. The term of this Agreement shall commence on ____________. After the first thirty (30) days of the term, either party may, without cause, terminate this Agreement by giving ____________ 30 days' written notice to the other. 3. Company shall pay to Independent contractor and Independent contractor shall accept from the Company as compensation for all services to be provided pursuant to this Agreement, the sum of $__ per class or $__ per training session. Independent Contractor is responsible for any and all taxes. Independent Contractor will also receive a $__ finder’s fee for each client brought to (Name of buisiness). Company shall reimburse Independent Contractor for insurance. Company shall not reimburse for any travel or related expenses. 4. Independent contractor shall provide on an "as needed" basis the following services: Aquatic and land exercise classes and personal training sessions and post-rehab. Independent Contractor shall devote such time, attention and energies as required. 5. Independent Contractor is an Independent Contractor and may engage in other business activities provided, however, that Independent Contractor shall not during the term of this Agreement solicit Company's employees or accounts on behalf of...
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...1958 as Goldstar, producing radios, TVs, refrigerators, washing machines, and air conditioners. The L.G group was a merger of two Korean companies Lucky and Goldstar. Is the second largest producer of television and third largest producer of mobile phones. l.g. india : l.g. india LG Electronics India Pvt. Ltd., a wholly owned subsidiary of LG Electronics, South Korea was established in January, 1997 after clearance from the Foreign Investment Promotion Board (FIPB). LG set up a state-of-the art manufacturing facility at Greater Noida, near Delhi, in 1998, with an investment of Rs 500 Crores In 2004, LGEIL also up its second Greenfield manufacturing unit in Pune, Maharashtra LG plans to set up Rs 500-cr unit in South Buisiness divisions : Buisiness divisions Market segmentation : Market segmentation Demographic - Income -Occupation Geographic -Tier 1 cities - Tier 2 cities Psychographic -Life style -Personality Behavioural -Value -Benifit S.w.o.t. analysis : S.w.o.t. analysis Strengths:- Market leader in home appliances. Has got manufacturing unit in tax incentive . Wide range of products to serve all categories. Widest distribution network in the industry(47 barnches,10000 trade partners). Good after sales service offered. Annual production GRAPH : Annual production GRAPH ANNUAL PRODUCTION GRAPH : ANNUAL PRODUCTION GRAPH weaknessES. : weaknessES. Samsung being its competitor provides similar products. Consumers compare L.G with Samsung its Korean rival...
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...HP and Autonomy: A Strategic Misfire Rob Hemsath Strayer University Contemporary Business BS508 Dr. Antoinette Bridges May 19, 2014 Abstract Hewlett Packard’s 2011 Acquisition of Autonomy Corporation proved to be disastrous for the company’s financial status and reputation. While many have cited it as a poor decision, it was poor execution and HP’s internal conflicts that created a situation that resulted in HP writing of $8.8 Billion dollars of Autonomy’s value. HP’s relationships with its employees, shareholders, and partners have been damaged. The acquisition, therefore, has proven an example of poor execution. If the purpose of a merger or acquisition is to increase the economic value of the resulting consolidated corporate enterprise, the 2011 acquisition of British software company Autonomy Corporation by Hewlett Packard failed on several levels. HP’s corporate culture was such that even the decision for the purchase was fraught with internal conflict and began on an inauspicious note. When Autonomy was folded into HP, HP’s management structure did not fully integrate the new asset into the corporate line, quickly losing any industry advantage the acquisition would have brought. In the end, HP wrote down $8.8 Billion of the value of Autonomy and is struggling to reassert it’s once dominate position in the industry. The acquisition of Autonomy, therefore, was poorly executed and caused severe damage for the future of HP. HP had seen several years of internal...
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...Addressing the Audience: Chilean mine Dan Kubany BCOM/275 07/29/12 John Quesnel Addressing the Audience: Chilean Mine There are many things that go need to be considered when addressing an audience. Most importantly there are things that you do and don't want to say to an audience when you are dealing with a sensitive subject such as the collapse of a mine. This paper will take a look at the facts of what happened that day, August 5th 2007, and how to address the audience of the people who had to deal first hand with this sensitive subject. On August 5th, 2007 a mine in San José collapsed trapping 33 workers and miners deep underground fighting for their lives(Weik 2010). After the mine collapsed workers began to work on ideas and way to save the workers. The people that were in control of the rescue began to worry that the miners that were trapped down in the mine, about 300 meters( Weik 2010) were not going to be able to live much longer if not already were dead without much food, water and oxygen. Local organizations, such as the federation of Chilean mining workers (FMC) and the confederation of copper workers (CTC) questioned Minera San Esteban's safety record, highlighting several fatal accidents that have previously been reported at the small company (Weik 2010). Now when something happens and you need to address and audience you want to take things into consideration. Some things that you need to take into consideration is the audience themselves...
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...Global marketing – strategic principles Strategic principles are the essence of marketing, becouse it is responsible for successfully relating the strenghts of an organization to its enviroment. The way you can gain insight competitors is trough industry analysis. We can define industry as a group of firms that produce products that are close substitutes for each other. Michael E. Porter developed a five forces model that explains competition in an industry: - The threat of new entrants - The threat of substitute products or services - The bargaining power of buyers - The bargaining power of suppliers - The competitive rivalry among current members of the industry Threat of new entrants New entrants to an industry bring new capacity, desire to get position and market share, also sometimes new approaches to serving customer needs. Porter describes eight major sources of barriers to entry, the presence or abcsence of which determines the extent of threat of new industry entrants. Product differentiation can be achived as a result of unique product attributes or effective marketing communications, the third entery barrier relates to capital requirements, a fourth would be switching costs which is caused by the need to change suppliers and products. Now we come to the fifth barrier to entry that is refered to distribution channels, sixth apears as government policy. Some established firms may come acros enjoying costs advantages...
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