Emdad, R., Alipour, A., Hagberg, J., & Jensen, I. B. (2013). The impact of by standing to workplace bullying on symptoms of depression among women and men in industry in Sweden: an empirical and theoretical longitudinal study. International Archives of Occupation and Environmental Health, 86(6), 709–716. doi:10.1007/s00420-012-0813-1
While recent studies show that workplace bullying is considered to be one of the leading causes of depression (Takaki et al. 2010), there has been very little research to show that by standing to bullying behavior has cause symptoms of depression. In this study, researchers used data in 2001 (T1) and 2003 (T2) to examine the risks factors associated with symptoms of depression among bystanders to bullying behavior …show more content…
Reports have shown that both physicians and nurses have become frequent targets of workplace bullying behavior such as; sexual harassment, intimidation, emotional abuse, and other forms of bullying behavior. Researchers obtained an extensive amount of data from the 5th European Working Condition Survey to conduct this study. A subsample of 284 healthcare workers was chosen to participate. Some of the participants were members of the International Standard Classification of Occupation (ISCO-8) subgroup 22. These groups were considered to be professional medical doctors, nurses, dentists, physiotherapist and other healthcare professionals. In this study, the researchers used an empirical logistic regression analysis to evaluate the cause of workplace bullying among healthcare workers. The results of this study revealed that 41.2% of healthcare professionals reported that they have been victims of workplace bullying (n=117), and 58 in total reported that they have never experienced any type of abusive behavior in the workplace (n=167). Other results reveal that workers who reported that they were targets of workplace bullying was considered to have worked on a shift schedule, performed repetitive task, experience humiliation, low-self esteem, stress, depression, and denied the opportunity for promotions and other rewards in their workplace. In conclusion, the key to resolving …show more content…
Some researchers have studied and identified the cause of persistent inequality in the workplace among Whites, African Americans, and Latinos (Farley, 1996). For example; when bullying turns into harassment, sabotaging, excluding or isolating a person or particular group of people socially, or denial of access to a particular position on the basis of a person’s race or ethnicity, it is considered discrimination. Data was collected from self-report discrimination methodology in which researchers used an empirical meta-analysis to evaluate the cause of workplace injustice, discrimination, bullying behavior, abuse and other forms of harassments among different groups in the workplace. The target population for this study consisted of a sample of African Americans, and Latino workers. The results of this study revealed that minority workers experience frequent acts of workplace injustice; for example, 85% of the workers including Latinos, and African American workers reported that they have experienced the effect of being bullied discriminated against and other forms of harassments in the workplace. Further studies reveal that African Americans reported the highest levels of emotional effects to acts of discrimination, bullying, and other forms of harassment compared to other groups (Fox & Stallworth, 2005). It can be