...Future Regional Conflicts: Myanmar and Papua New Guinea. Decades of relative peace and prosperity have allowed the new democracies of Southeast Asia the latitude to pursue economic cooperation and relatively stable domestic policies. But while the reasonable stability of ASEAN has allowed its members to support each other’s traditional security interests while settling disputes through non-violent channels (Dosch 2007, p. 211), regional membership in this pluralistic community does not necessarily negate internal conflict of individual members. In fact, at least two low-level ongoing disputes—the Karen-led insurgency in Myanmar and the effective collapse of civil order in Papua New Guinea—have the potential to spill over into neighboring territories and therefore require the intervention of regional or global peacekeepers. This essay contends that despite the absence from contemporary media and perceived lack of attention by the Australian Government, these two countries are in a state of fundamental turmoil and could be considered as those most likely to require external intervention in the next 10 years. Although Myanmar has been a member of ASEAN in relatively favorable standing since 1997, the junta’s efforts to enforce its rule on the multiethnic population remain controversial both among the ASEAN membership (Than 2005, p. 20) and the wider international community. Several of the nation’s ethnic minorities have sponsored long-term secessionist movements; one of...
Words: 2917 - Pages: 12
...Concurrency in C+ + 1 Assignment 1 These questions requires the use of C+ which means compiling the program with the u++ command, including +, uC++.h as the first include file in each translation unit, and replacing routine main with member uMain::main . 1. Write a semi-coroutine with the following public interface (you may only add a public destructor and private members): _Coroutine FloatConstant { public: enum status { MORE, GOOD, BAD }; // possible status private: status stat; // current status of match char ch; // character passed by cocaller void main(); // coroutine main public: status next( char c ) { ch = c; // communication in resume(); // activate return stat; // communication out } }; which verifies a string of characters corresponds to a C+ floating-point constant described by: + floating-constant : signÓÔØ fractional-constant exponent-part ÓÔØ floating-suffixÓÔØ signÓÔØ digit-sequence exponent-part floating-suffixÓÔØ fractional-constant : digit-sequenceÓÔØ “.” digit-sequence digit-sequence “.” “e” “E” signÓÔØ digit-sequence exponent-part : sign : “+” “-” digit-sequence : digit digit-sequence digit floating-suffix : “f” “l” “F” “L” digit : “0” “1” “2” “3” “4” “5” “6” “7” “8” “9” (Where XÓÔØ means X ¯ and ¯ means empty.) In addition, there is a maximum of 16 digits for the mantissa (non-exponent digits) and 3 digits for the characteristic (exponent digits). For example, the following are valid C/C+ floating-point constants: + 123.456 -.099 +555. 2.7E+1 -3.555E-12 After creation...
Words: 1986 - Pages: 8
...1. Inter-process Communication (IPC) Introduction Inter-Process Communication, which in short is known as IPC, deals mainly with the techniques and mechanisms that facilitate communication between processes. Now, why do we need special separate mechanisms or techniques for communicating between processes? Why isn't it possible to have information shared between two processes without using such special mechanisms? Let us start from something primitive. Imagine you have two glasses completely filled with water. One glass contains hot water and the other contains cold water. What can you do to make the temperature of water in both the glasses equal? The simplest answer will be to mix the water from both the glasses in a glass with much bigger capacity. Once water is mixed, the temperature becomes equal after some time. If one can remember, this will be framed as a problem with some numerical data in a High-School Physics examination. If we go by principles, then the phenomenon here is conduction. If we go by our topic of IPC, then we can say that since the two glasses were full, we had to use another glass with a larger capacity to mix the contents in order to balance their heat energy. We know that some medium or other is required for communication between different processes. Similarly, when it comes to computer programs, we need some mechanism or medium for communication. Primarily, processes can use the available memory to communicate with each other. But then, the memory...
Words: 2437 - Pages: 10
...Guide to Linux+ (2nd Edition) ISBN 0-619-21621-2 End of Chapter Solutions Chapter 8 Solutions Review Questions 1. Because Standard Error and Standard Ouput represent the results of a command and Standard Input represents the input required for a command, only Standard Error and Standard Ouput can be redirected to/from a file. True or False? Answer: False 2. Before a user-defined variable can be used by processes that run in subshells, that variable must be __________. a. imported b. validated by running the env command c. exported d. redirected to the BASH shell Answer: c 3. The alias command can be used to make a shortcut to a single command. True or False? Answer: True 4. Which of the following files is always executed immediately after a user logs in to a Linux system and receives a BASH shell? a. /etc/profile b. ~/.bash_profile c. ~/.bash_login d. ~/.profile Answer: a 5. Which command could you use to see a list of all environment and user-defined shell variables as well as their current values? a. ls /var b. env c. set d. echo Answer: c 6. Every if construct begins with if and must be terminated with? a. end b. endif c. stop d. fi Answer: d 7. Which of the following will display the message welcome home if the cd /home/user1 command is successfully executed...
Words: 2616 - Pages: 11
...Bangladesh keen on business with Myanmar: GM Quader Faruk Khan proposes parliamentary panel to remove trade barriers Bangladesh is keen to do business with Myanmar in a win-win situation for the both next-door neighbours, Commerce Minister GM Quader said yesterday. He said connectivity by air, sea and land is the key to giving a boost to bilateral trade. “I hope all trade barriers with Myanmar will be removed soon. Bangladesh as a close neighbour will enjoy better trade privileges than other countries,” Quader told a seminar at Ruposhi Bangla Hotel in Dhaka. The minister also said problems related to the payment mechanism would be resolved as Sonali Bank and the central bank of Myanmar have signed a deal on currency exchange. Bangladesh Myanmar Chamber of Commerce and Industry (BMCCI) arranged the seminar, 'Doing Business between Bangladesh and Myanmar and Mechanism for Settling Payments' where its honorary adviser Karar Mahmudul Hasan presented a keynote paper. Civil Aviation and Tourism Minister Faruk Khan hoped that three ways of communication -- air, sea and land -- with Myanmar would soon be made functional which would help strengthen bilateral trade. “All formalities have been done regarding the air route. A final deal will be signed in this regard next month when Myanmar's president will be here,” Khan said adding that the river route would also be made operational soon. “Things are moving fast at the highest government-level. The businesspeople should work faster...
Words: 336 - Pages: 2
...Socially Engaged Buddhism Buddhism is a religion that is said to arise in India around the 6th or 7th century BCE, but has spread all around the world as the times went on. Buddhism focuses mainly on the teachings of Siddhartha Guatma, who is the current Buddha. Buddhism is ultimately about teaching a man to lead a good life that will eventually lead a person to enlightenment. With a standard of living being around for so long, the ways must change with the times. That’s where Socially Engaged Buddhism comes in. For Buddhists, Socially Engaged Buddhism is a Buddhism movement that provides an answer for social issues in the world. Socially Engaged Buddhism is a very important aspect to Buddhism and without it Buddhism would not be able to evolve and adapt with the world in issues such as war, poverty and human rights. Buddhism has a single figure as the founder, Siddhartha. Siddhartha went on a “great departure” after seeing pain and suffering that other people were experiencing around him, which had no idea this was a problem before. After his journey he experiences Nirvana and teaches everything he has experienced in his life. On the other hand, Socially Engaged Buddhism does not come from a single founder. That doesn’t mean there still aren’t important figures attached to the movement. Thich Nhat Hanh is a teacher who even to this day still offers his knowledge. He is also active in the peace movement and promotes non-violence. He tries to emphasize people to “look at reality...
Words: 1231 - Pages: 5
...the spirit of Bibi Chen, a SanFranscisco socialite, narrates the story of her twelve friends during their vacation and disappearance in China and Burma. Bibi's sudden death, prior to the scheduled vacation, gives her "The Mind of Others", a Buddhist term meaning she can hear others true thoughts and feelings. This new ability allows the readers insight into the raw emotions of the twelve friends. As one gets acquainted with each character the very real truth of human emotion and basic need is exposed. To reflect upon the opening quote, it is within human nature to use illusion to survive. We see what we need to see in order to make it acceptable. The twelve tourists display this when visiting China's Stone Bell Temple. They are oblivious to the beauty, history and the dangerous laws protecting the sacred land. All they see is a playground in which they act accordingly. They want to enjoy themselves, live out their modern dreams of what they feel a vacation consists of, while at the same time trampling on the traditions and concerns of the inhabitants of the land. When told they had been cursed, it is humorous to them. It is in the refusal to believe in something unknown to them that bring them on a path of turmoil. As tradition dictates, it is in a persons best interest to please the Nats (destructive and mischievous spirits when displeased) when passing a shrine. The Americans desire to believe in only what they see fit, causes most of them to deny the Nats even the smallest...
Words: 981 - Pages: 4
...he was an officer in Burma under the British empire. He hates his job and he hates the fact that he is forced to subjugate these people, but he also despises them for making his job so hard with their rebellious ways while also sympathizes with them. He is young and he is very confused with life at this point and has come to the realization that imperialism is wrong in any form. The plot of the story is the strongest non fiction element present because it goes so in depth. It has repercussions not just in the story, but you can infer by the writing other things going on around that time with just the little text present. The non fiction element plot is the main focal point in the story to better convey the situation at that time. What is plot? Plot is a literary term defined as the events that make up a story, particularly as they relate to one another in a pattern, in a sequence, through cause and effect, how the reader views the story, or simply by coincidence. One is generally interested in how well this pattern of events accomplishes some artistic or emotional effect. Plots usually follow the same steps exposition, rising action, climax, falling action, and resolution. Patterson 2 In Orwell's “Shooting an Elephant” plot plays a big role in getting the point of the story across to the reader. In the first step of the plot the reader learns about who Orwell was as a person during the story. He being an officer for the British empire in Burma at the time of British...
Words: 776 - Pages: 4
...Jenny Charoenchitmun Explication Essay Final Draft October 23, 2008 The Depravity of British Imperialism In 1886, Burma lost its independence and sovereignty to Great Britain in the “Third Anglo-Burmese” War. At that time, Great Britain had one of its colonies in the sub-continental region of India which was known as “British India.” Eventually, Burma was annexed into British India and was oppressed under British imperialism. Imperialism is “a policy of extending a country's power and influence through diplomacy or military force” (Oxford Dictionary). In the essay “Shooting An Elephant” by George Orwell, imperialism is portrayed as a corrupt act in which the British Empire imposes itself on Burma. Orwell use rhetorical techniques to describe how imperialism can create grotesque effects on both the British and Burmese. In Orwell’s essay, characters such as the police officer, the local Burmese people and the elephant display the brutal reality British imperialism. The British police officer serves his country in Burma and is constantly mocked by the local Burmese. But, one day they praise him when he kills the outrageous elephant that is let loose in the neighborhood. George Orwell effectively depicts the theme of imperialistic depravity through the use of symbolism, irony and visual imagery in “Shooting An Elephant.” George Orwell exemplifies the immorality of British imperialism through the use of symbolism. In “Shooting An Elephant,” the elephant becomes wild and...
Words: 885 - Pages: 4
...Free Will; Do We Have it or Not The question of free will is one which has been hotly debated for millennia. Some people believe that humans have the capacity for free will - the ability to choose their actions without being forced to follow a certain course by either by the influence of others or by natural laws. For many theists, free will is regarded as a special gift from God. The notion of human free will is also an important premise for a lot of what happens in human society - in particular, when it comes to our legal system. Free will is necessary for the notion of personal responsibility. If people do not have free will, then it is difficult to argue that they are personally and morally responsible for their actions - and if that is the case, how can they be punished for their misdeeds? In fact, how can they be praised for the good things they do, if those actions were not also freely chosen? George Orwell did not have free will when it came to shooting the elephant. Orwell expresses his conflicting views regarding imperialism through three examples of oppression by his country, by the Burmese, and by himself on the Burmese. Thus he was not morally responsible. This made Orwell realize his role in society and has made him a stronger man. But first let’s see what led to his feeling toward the Burmese people. The building up of the feeling of pressure starts with Orwell feeling humiliated and disrespected from the Burmese and shifts to a feeling of authority...
Words: 1204 - Pages: 5
...narrator, who tells us about being a policeman in Burma and about his doubt, whether to kill an animal or not. The man who tells us the story is an unhappy young policeman who lives in mental isolation. He hates British imperialism, he hates Burmese natives, and he hates his job. He feels like a target for the Burmese people. The natives are treating him very badly; they are making fun of the white man. They laugh at the protagonist and sneer at him when he passes them. “In the end the sneering yellow faces of young men that met me everywhere, the insults hooted after me when I was at a safe distance, got badly on my nerves.” We still don’t get the impression that the narrator hates the natives, we get the feeling that he understand them. He puts himself into the same positions as they are; he is in the same position- also oppressed and hated, but cause by his own nation’s occupation. The Indians are also oppressed by the British and the white man. The story is written in a period where England had colonies all over the world. The British are trying to make an empire far away from home; they conquer other countries and try to assimilate the population to their own rules and traditions. The white man has an thought, that they are the chosen people to civilize primitive races. They are clever, educated, and rich and therefore they feel that they have a duty to help the natives and turn them into people like themselves. Burma, where the story takes place is a buddistic country ...
Words: 1048 - Pages: 5
...gallantly championed for the liberation of the masses from oppressing institutions and systems of power. Both authors had rooted their campaigns in the tenets of their religious faith, which endeared themselves with the masses. Change is inevitable and their efforts in no doubt bore fruits for in each case they have received world recognition for what they did for the people. Aung San Suu Kyi’s excerpt “In Quest with Democracy” and Martin Luther King’s “Letter from Birmingham Jail”, surpassed other writings in their employment of rhetorical appeal of pathos, ethos and logos; which is why they achieve persuasion on the other people to join the course for just institutions. Aung San Suu Kyi in her writing expresses her desired for democratic Burma which had over many decades been assaulted by authoritarian and military regimes. Martin Luther King Jr. on the other hand was battling the social injustices on the masses which via nonviolent campaign (Austin 37). Letter from Birmingham Jail by King Jr. gallantly attacks hypocrisy, injustice and inequality with great feelings. King jailed for ‘disturbing the peace’ he responds to critics from religious leaders in the opening of this letter. He appeals to their reason by acknowledging their concern in dismissing his indulgence in the protests. He backgrounds his quest for justice in Biblical context which give him the moral authority to rebuke euphemistically the religious leaders in their hypocrisy. Like King, Aung San Suu Kyi also questions...
Words: 297 - Pages: 2
...Aung San Suu Kyi is a Burmese opposition politician and chairperson of the National League for Democracy in Burma. Aung San Aung San Suu Kyi’s father died when she was two year old. Her father was assassinated by political rivals in Yangon. In 1946, Aung San delivered a fiery pro-independence speech on the steps of Shwedagon Pagoda in Yangon. In 1988, Aung San Suu Kyi was catapulted to the opposition leadership by giving a passionate speech embracing the Buddhist principle of nonviolent protest. Aung San Suu Kyi found in the Buddhist practice of vipassana that she gained control of her thoughts and became aware of the pros and cons of each act. Vipassana is an insight meditation. The NLD (National League for Democracy) is a democratic socialistic-liberal Burmese political party. NLD was not able to take power after winning a sweeping electoral victory in 1990 because the military nullified the vote, is boycotting the vote. Than Shwe is a Burmese Strongman politician who was chairman of the State Peace and Development Council. Than Shwe fused his Buddhism with belief in nats, or spirits, and yadaya, magic rituals performed to ward off misfortune. Than Shwe’s wife attended a rededication and placed jewel-encrusted hti, or sacred umbrella, atop the spire. It is a sign that Than Shwe has done so many evil things. After Danok Pagoda, Than Shwe decided to step down – as a means of escaping his karmic destiny. There are 4 million of mons in hammer, and 4 million soilders in...
Words: 321 - Pages: 2
...In the story of Shooting an Elephant the author George Orwell uses many themes that can be related to yourself in life. In the story, the protagonist is himself and he explains the empire of the British that controls Burma and the Burmese natives. He is a police man in lower Burma, and is forced to shoot a ravaging elephant that is tearing up the town otherwise the town people would joke and laugh at him. The overall theme of this story is peer pressure from the people and also the power of imperialism that can affect you and others. The story is told in a first person point of view. Orwell describes himself through the narrator’s voice. He described the Burmese people as mean and disrespectful. The village police were often teased and made fun of because of their ethnicity and look. “As a police officer I was an obvious target and was baited whenever it seemed safe to do so” (Orwell, G. (1950). Shooting An Elephant.). The police of the town were obviously noticeable to heckle. The readers of the story have to recognize the power of peer pressure. It can cause a big amount of anxiety which can make you think different in different situations....
Words: 633 - Pages: 3
...The short story “Shooting an Elephant” by George Orwell is a narrative based on an experience that Orwell had whilst working in the territory of Burma (Myanmar), within British Raj, as an English police officer with the Indian Imperial Police. The conflict the British police officer internally struggles with is the issue of imperialism, specifically stated as an “evil thing” (Broadview, pg 1403), despite working and living within a British colony of Burma. For Orwell, his major drawback is within the fact that he does not agree with the supremacy that is held over the Burmese people. As explained “ Theoretically- and secretly, of course- I was all for the Burmese and all against their oppressors, the British” (Broadview, pg 1403). Orwell repeatedly mentions evidence of British cruelty, exhibiting this is in images throughout his story, such as is the depiction of prisoners in cages. Moreover, the language employed by Orwell depicts an English colonial, in that he refers to the natives of Burma as yellow. Throughout the story, Orwell is presented with the opportunity to have a deeper understanding of imperialism through his experience of coming into contact with the elephant. He explains he did not want to shoot the elephant, but as an officer of...
Words: 794 - Pages: 4
