...Research about NYC Bus System According to Andrew Grossman, one of the factors contributing to the decline in the NYC bus ridership is traffic congestion. Many buses do not travel at optimal speeds, especially during rush hours. As a result, people do not use buses to avoid getting to work or appointments late. The design of NYC bus system has also contributed to the decline in bus ridership. The Metropolitan Transportation Authority has eliminated several bus routes running along subway lines. In addition, the authority has decreased the frequency of some of the bus routes. This reduced the number of people using buses and increased the use of subways. The high-profile improvements of subways have also contributed to the rise of subway ridership. Furthermore, buses are frequently breaking down, which affects the reliability of the NYC bus system. The average distance that buses travel before repair has declined, which reduces the number of buses on various routes.[1] The public consider the NYC bus system to be unreliable, overcrowded and not dependable. Its unreliability is associated with the frequent failure of buses, non-covering of runs, changes in routing and the use of antiquated dispatching procedures. Many people prefer to use alternative ways of transit because of the longer wait times, particularly along the busy routes. They prefer to be on a train rather than wait for buses. With the fare hikes and traffic congestion, New Yorkers usually walk instead...
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...Hybrid Bus Fact Sheet The region’s first biodiesel, electric buses will operate on area roads beginning summer 2010. Six new 40-foot Intercity Transit coaches Intercity Transit with a green “bubble” top will operate on a planet-friendly mix of biodiesel, ultra-low sulfur diesel, and electricity. The buses, funded largely with federal stimulus funds, will replace 14-year-old buses. What are the benefits of hybrid buses? Hybrid buses: • Significantly reduce emissions that cause smog, greenhouse gases, and public health issues, • Reduce fuel consumption about 25 %, • Require less maintenance, • Reduce diesel exhaust odor, vehicle noise, and • Have same operating reliability as traditional propulsion engine buses. How does the hybrid bus work? • Diesel-electric hybrid buses use both electricity and diesel, the same concept as hybrid automobiles. • Bus Batteries store energy and recharge when the bus decelerates. When demand for power exceeds battery capacity, the diesel engine provides extra energy. • The stored electricity is used for a cleaner and smoother propulsion. • A computer controls the output of the two power sources, diesel and electricity, so the buses always use the most efficient source. How were these buses paid for? Most of the cost was paid with federal funding. American Recovery and Reinvestment Act (ARRA) funds accounted for $2.33 million, $750,669 came from other federal funds, and $575,000 from Intercity Transit (local match). What...
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...Demerits of Elevated Metro Rail (C-B-M Route) : 1. Three main Arterial Roads i.e. Linking Road, S.V. Road and Link Road are strangulated forever. 2. MMRDA itself has planned 7 flyovers in Western Suburbs and 2 flyovers in Eastern Suburbs. All 9 Flyovers are scrapped to accommodate Elevated Metro Rail. 3. About One lac sft. of Footpaths are acquired to accommodate Elevated Stations. 4. There is no clue whatsoever about existing bus routes and Bus stops. 5. Vile Parle Station on S.V. Road adjoining high security runway of Juhu Airport is impossible at because the Metro Rail obstructs the flying path of Aircrafts. 6. 54% of the length of alignment is on Curves. Thus the speed planned at 80 kmph shall be restricted immensely. 7. One of the worst impacts is uprooting of 948 trees out of existing 1950 trees of several generations. 8. All options for optimizing and interconnection various modes of transport are clipped forever. 9. Elevated metro will be a huge liability to expand Metro rail itself in all future routes. Merits of Underground Metro Rail (C-B-M Route) : 1. Existing Urban Fabric not disturbed. 2. It will not Choke the only two Arterial Roads – S. V. Road and Linking Road in the Western Suburbs. These roads have less width (80’-0”) than the Metro station width (86’-0”) 3. Marginally Civil cost increase (approx 50% of overall cost) due to Tunnel Technology which is LESS...
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...Introduction Greyhound Lines, Inc., headquartered in Dallas, Texas is the only nationwide provider of scheduled intercity transportation in the United States. As seen on Greyhound’s web site in 2001 they had more then twenty five million passengers aboard their bus lines and consolidated revenue was $1,022.4 million. Greyhound’s fleet consists of more then 2,300 buses which arrive and depart from one hundred and twelve company-operated terminals and approximately one thousand seven hundred agency-operated terminals. In 2001, the number of employees nationwide on payroll was twelve thousand and of that amount, approximately thirty six percent are drivers. Greyhound bus lines operate a vigorous schedule of twenty-four hours a day, seven days a week. All buses are equipped with air conditioning, restrooms, tinted windows and reclining seats and since its inception in 1914, Greyhound has also expanded into other lines of services which include food, package express services and charter services. In 1998, Greyhound Lines, Inc. showed a profit of 35.2 million dollars which was much to celebrate considering that a profit hasn’t been seen since 1993. However, in 1999 there is a net loss of 16.3 million dollars. This Greyhound Lines, Inc. case study will address many key issues that must be examined in order to put Greyhound back on track, and the recommendations that will follow will try to help Greyhound stay on the road to recovery. Summary of Business & Case Americans...
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...components of a system like Central processing Unit or CPU, Random Access Memory or RAM, Storage device or hard disk. The main parts include a power connector, and i/o, a CMOS battery, primary/secondary IDE, processor, ports, memory controller hub, PCI and the BIOS. 2. Upgrading the motherboard will give you some performance improvements to your computer but why is this improvement limited? This improvement is limited because you have to upgrade more than just the motherboard to improve speed and other things. Upgrading the RAM and other things along with your motherboard is a good way to get all around system performance improvements. 3. What is the need for all the different busses found on a motherboard and why can’t these be replaced with a single bus? The difference between computer busses break down as so. Data width, Cycle rate, Device management and type. The data width and cycle rate are used to determine the bandwidth, or the total amount of data the bus can transmit. The device management indicates the maximum number of supported devices and the difficulty of configuring them. The memory bus is the interface between the RAM and the motherboard. These buses cannot be replaced with a single bus because there is no bus fast enough to handle all these jobs at the same time and still be sufficient. 4. When a 64 bit bus system is available why do they still offer a 32 bit be provided as well? This is because many people and programs still run on a 32 bit system. If 32...
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...PLACE | TOURISTBUS(60 SEATER)(+5K for Overnight) | MINIBUS/COASTER(30-40 seater)(+5K for Overnight) | VAN(10-14 seater)(+3K for Overnight) | * BATAAN | | | | BALANGA/ORANI/HERMOSA | Php 23,500.00 | Php 19,500.00 | Php 9,000.00 | MARIVELES/MONTEMAR/BAGAC | Php 26,500.00 | Php 23,500.00 | Php 9,500.00 | MT.SAMAT | Php 24,000.00 | Php 22,500.00 | Php 9,000.00 | MORONG | Php23,500.00 | Php21,500.00 | Php 9,500.00 | * BATANGAS | | | | ANILAO/MABINI | Php 22,500.00 | Php 20,500.00 | Php 9,500.00 | CALATAGAN/SAN JUAN | Php 22,500.00 | Php 19,500.00 | Php 9,000.00 | CALACA/BATANGAS PIER/LIAN | Php 20,500.00 | Php 18,500.00 | Php 8,500.00 | NASUGBU/MATABUNGKAY/TAAL/LEMERY | Php 20,500.00 | Php 18,500.00 | Php 8,500.00 | CANYON WOODS/ LIPA/BATULAO/TALISAY | Php 20,500.00 | Php 18,500.00 | Php 8,500.00 | * BICOL | | | | CAMSUR(3DAYS) | Php 80,500.00 | Php 76,000.00 | Php 20,500.00 | NAGA(3DAYS) | Php 68,500.00 | Php 65,500.00 | Php 20,000.00 | * BULACAN | | | | STA.MARIA/MALOLOS | Php 15,500.00 | Php 13,500.00 | Php 6,500.00 | SAN RAFAEL/PANDI/CALUMPIT | Php 16,500.00 | Php 14,500.00 | Php 8,000.00 | * CAVITE | | | | TAGAYTAY | Php 17,500.00 | Php 15,500.00 | Php 7,500.00 | PUERTO AZUL | Php 17,500.00 | Php 15,500.00 | Php 7,500.00 | CAYLABNE | Php 17,500.00 | Php 15,500.00 | Php 8,000.00 | KAWIT | Php 16,500.00 | Php 14,500.00 | Php 7,000.00 | * ILOCOS NORTE | | | | LAOAG/VIGAN(3DAYS) | Php 78,500.00 | Php 74,500.00 | Php...
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...Task Two: Introduction We are all knew that most of organizations have gone through many changes in recent years. But what causes these changes? Surveys of a wide range of organizations show that most changes are the result of factors in the external environment, particularly the far environment. In this report, I will briefly talk about one of the largest transportation company in Kuwait “The Transport and Warehousing Group Co. (TWG) – Citybus, and this is followed by a brief analysis of the main groups of external factors through the six headings of Political, Economical, Social, Technological, Environmental and Legal Factors (PESTEL). Finally, I will identify five of the important stakeholders and their interest in the activities of the company. Company Profile | | | | | | | Transportation companies play an important role in our life. It is one of the most overlooked activities within modern society. One of the largest transportation companies in Kuwait is The Transport & Warehousing Group Co. (TWG) , which providing safe transportation means that are designed to meet the client's requirements. TWG is a public limited company listed on Kuwait Stock Exchange with a paid up capital of K.D 9,826,773, with the current market capitalization of over KD 140 million. The profit for the year 2007 was at KD 3.56 million. One of most important divisions of TWG is Citybus.For the past 40 years, the public transport sector in Kuwait was dominated by one...
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...Metro rail systems: Boon or bane for urban India? Indian cities will begin operating metro rail transport systems in seven cities, which taking the total number of cities with such systems to 11. But some fear that the sleek trains will be unaffordable for the vast majority of city dwellers, where 77 per cent of the population lives on less than 20 rupees (S$ 0.45) a day. Mumbai - based civil engineer Sudhir Badami, said that the metro transport system might be viable to some extent in big cities, but certainly not in smaller cities. They are already struggling to find money to provide their basic facilities such as piped drinking water, sanitation, education and health care. Others also think that building a metro network takes too long and is too disruptive. In contrast a bus system can be put in place within a year with minimal disturbance. They also believed a well – planned bus system can carry 30,000 commuters an hour. It is the same number as a metro rail system. In contrast, the director of urban development ministry in New Delhi, Prakash Singh said that buses are not feasible in some cities. He thought that cities needs additional land to widen existing roads and create a dedicated bus corridor. But, a separate, dedicated corridor was carved out from the existing road and ended up creating chaos on the road as other vehicle had to make do with much narrower road. In my opinion, the government in India should still create the metro rail transport system but with subsidiary...
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...1(a) F(w,x,y,z) = wʹxʹyʹzʹ + wʹxʹyzʹ + wxʹyʹzʹ + wʹxyʹzʹ + wʹxyz + wʹxyzʹ + wxʹyzʹ | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Minimal sum of products form: F(w,x,y,z) = x’z’ + w’z’ + w’xy (b) F (w,x,y,z) = xz’ + w’z’ + w’xy (using Only NAND Gates) F F (c) (i) | | | | | | | | S (p,q,r) = p | | | | | | | | T (p,q,r) = pq’ + p’q = p XOR q | | | | | | | | U (p,q,r) = q’r + qr’ = p XOR r (ii) (d)(i) Multiplexer How it works: * A multiplexer is a combinational circuit which connects multiple input lines to a single output, allowing only a single selected input signal to be passed to the output line at a time. * An Input signal is selected to be passed to output based on selection code which is implemented as two select lines. Typical Inputs and Outputs: * Consider a 4 -to -1 Multiplexer, typical inputs include four input lines labelled C0, C1, C2 and C3, along with two select lines labelled S0 and S1. * Output include single output line labelled F. Labelled diagram of 4-to-1 Multiplexer: (ii) Jk Flip Flop How it works: * A JK flip-flop is a sequential circuit which has two inputs that are similar to that of an S-R flip-flop, however all possible combinations of input values are valid...
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...www.vtpi.org Info@vtpi.org 250-360-1560 Transit Price Elasticities and Cross-Elasticities 25 May 2012 Todd Litman Victoria Transport Policy Institute Abstract This paper summarizes price elasticities and cross elasticities for use in public transit planning. It describes how elasticities are used, and summarizes previous research on transit elasticities. Commonly used transit elasticity values are largely based on studies of short- and medium-run impacts performed decades ago when real incomes where lower and a larger portion of the population was transit dependent. As a result, they tend to be lower than appropriate to model long-run impacts. Analysis based on these elasticity values tends to understate the potential of transit fare reductions and service improvements to reduce problems such as traffic congestion and vehicle pollution, and understate the long-term negative impacts that fare increases and service cuts will have on transit ridership, transit revenue, traffic congestion and pollution emissions. Originally published as “Transit Price Elasticities and Cross-Elasticities,” Journal of Public Transportation, Vol. 7, No. 2, (www.nctr.usf.edu/jpt/pdf/JPT 7-2 Litman.pdf), 2004, pp. 37-58. Todd Litman 2004-2011 You are welcome and encouraged to copy, distribute, share and excerpt this document and its ideas, provided the author is given attribution. Please send your corrections, comments and suggestions for improvement. Transit Elasticities and Price...
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...“Online reservation of tickets for Victory Liner Bus Corporation-Caloocan” Chapter 4 Summary, Conclusion and Recommendation The purpose of this chapter is to summarize the thesis research or suggest research and policy recommendations for further analysis. The first section of the chapter will discuss the objectives of the research and the methodology used to accomplish the analysis. A summary of the major results will be described. The second part of the chapter will discuss the policy implications of the research and propose recommendations for further research both on the online reservation systems. The overriding purpose of this study was to determine the relative importance of the online reservation system from the consumers. To accomplish that goal it became necessary to reach some prerequisite goals. Once these fundamental steps were achieved, this research was able to go forward. This chapter reports the conclusions and recommendations that resulted from this study. 39 | Page 39 | Page “Online reservation of tickets for Victory Liner Bus Corporation-Caloocan” Summary It was year 1945 when Victory Liner Bus Company was established the major role of the company is transportation industry. It is owned by Mr. Jose Hernandez of Victory Liner Bus Corporation in the Philippines. The existing system in Victory Liner Bus Company - Caloocan uses an old and not updated system in generating reports such as reservation, vacancy and other forms. The...
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...Introduction Do you still remember the time when you were waiting your mother for looking for a telephone number in her cumbersome contact book? After hardly finding the personal, poor handing writing became another challenge for her, as she had to guess what she actually wrote down. Back to the age when email was not popular, when computer or the Internet was hardly accessed, communication within distant people mainly relied on massive posts. You may not realize, information management was done in both cases as a personal was trying to organize information in a deliverable manner to others or his/herself. The term “information management” may be quite unfamiliar to general public. People would think that it might be related to computer science and information technology, which are newly brought out in this century. By the Dr. T.D. Wilson (University of Sheffield), information management refers to how information is acquired, organized, controlled and disseminated (Wilson). Indeed, information management has long been existed and “living” with us. Experts have different comments on Information management models. Some said models are typically wrong in nature but somehow useful (Box & Draper 1987). To summarise the features of IM model, it could be the representation of structure or diagnostic tool (HKU). This essay introduces four information management models and how they are involved in daily life. Each model would be illustrated with certain examples to let readers...
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...Summary (whole story in 1 page, NOT Introduction) Current Market Situation Market Description Growth and Size Product Review Main Features Nocturnal it a bussing transportation service that will provide consumers, mainly students, with a safe guaranteed ride to the three main clubs in Lethbridge: Studio, Pulse and Boss Hogs. As well as return them to the University to provide the most convenience for our consumers. This service will be much more affordable and convenient than other current transportation services in the market, such as taxis and city bus transportation. This service fulfills the needs of its customers by providing safe guaranteed rides to and from the club at very reasonable rates and serving as the ultimate convenience. Product Line Nocturnal shuttle service will consist of one shuttle service in its first year of business. It will provide seating for up to fifty people and have an upgraded sound system to provide both a joyful and boisterous environment on the way to the destination and then a calming environment for the occupants on the return trip. It will...
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...do can often be found in cities, where most officials, overwhelmed by a flood of problems, try to cope by naming and solving them one at a time. If they are faced with congestion, their answer is to widen streets and build bypasses and parking garages. Crime? Lock up the offenders. Smog? Regulate emissions. Illiteracy? Toughen standards. Litter? Raise fines. Homelessness? Build shelters, and if that seems to fail, jail the loiterers. Insufficient budget to fund all these competing priorities? Raise taxes or impose sacrificial austerity, to taste. Disaffected voters? Blame political enemies. Sometimes single-problem, single-solution approaches do work, but often, as previously described, optimizing one element in isolation pessimizes the entire system. Hidden connections that have not been recognized and turned to advantage will eventually tend to create disadvantage. Consider what happened in Borneo in the s. Many Dayak villagers had malaria, and the World Health Organization had a solution that was simple and direct. Spraying DDT seemed to work: Mosquitoes died, and malaria declined. But then an expanding web of side effects (“consequences you didn’t think of,” quips biologist Garrett Hardin, “the existence of which you will deny as long as possible”) started to appear. The roofs of people’s houses began to collapse, because the DDT had also killed tiny parasitic wasps that had previously controlled thatch-eating...
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...STRUCTURES PROJECT ONLINE BUS RESERVATION SYSTEM BY L.SIVA SAI REDDY-10MSE1033 B.SIVA RUSHI-10MSE1063 Title of the project(aim) Online Bus Ticket Reservation System. Abstract: • The objective was two-fold - to ensure that the Customers don’t have to leave the confines of their comfort to book a ticket, and to help them get a ticket when they need it the most. • The internet was being voted as a medium people couldn’t do without. PC and net penetration was increasing not only in urban areas, but also in rural India. Also, people were getting used to booking tickets for travel using IRCTC and private airline websites. So, why not buses? • Online system provides real time quotations, real time bus booking services for round trips, multiple payment channels, cost comparison, last minute booking, an in-house call center and even home delivery of tickets Objective: • The objective was to ensure that the Customers don’t have to leave the confines of their comfort to book a ticket, and to help them get a ticket when they need it the most. • The internet was being voted as a medium people couldn’t do without. PC and net penetration was increasing not only in urban areas, but also in rural India. Also, people were getting used to booking tickets for travel using IRCTC and private airline websites. So, why not buses? • Online system provides real time quotations, real time bus booking services for round trips...
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