Ishan Walia
860931111
Dr. Jasso
Section 122

EXAM 1

1) On Moral Development a) Lawrence Kohlberg, a professor at both University of Chicago and Harvard, was the creator of the famous “theory of stages of moral development.” This theory consisted of six stages which evaluated the moral reasoning of a person. The theory is divided into three levels, each of which has two stages within them. The levels consist of preconvention level, conventional level and post conventional level. The preconvention level consists of stages one and two. This level focuses on the individual themselves, and according to Kohlberg begins to develop between at and early age (Pegasus page 1). first stage is known as the “punishment and obedience” stage. Here people are put in scenarios where they are trying to avoid punishment both mentally and physically. Here what people ask themselves is “what must I do to not get punished.” An example of this stage can be illustrated by a Nazi soldier during the time of the holocaust. Here the soldier is ordered to kill his friend who happens to be of Jewish faith, now the soldier needs to decide whether he needs to kill his friend to avoid punishment or to stand up for his friend and not kill him and receive punishment. The next stage is called the “instrumental relativist” stage and is where people see the ideal, “treat others how they would treat you.” In this stage a person is to do whatever it takes to survive or get ahead, as they feel anyone in their position would do the same. An example of this is when CEO’s of corporations look for their own best interests rather than the interests of their shareholders. A CEO has the authority to give themselves bonuses and salary perks if money in the company is left over. Even though the money that is left over belongs to the shareholders, CEOs can secretly decide whether to pocket the money or give