Business and IT Strategy:
Management strategy determines at the macro level the path and methodology of rendering services by the enterprise. Strategy outlines the approach of the enterprise and is formulated by the senior management. Based on the strategy perspective, IT is affecting the way in which enterprises are structured, managed and operated. One of the most dramatic developments affecting enterprises is the fusion of IT with business strategy. Enterprises can no longer develop business strategy separate from IT strategy and vice versa. Accordingly, there is a need for the integration of sound IT planning with business planning and the incorporation of effective financial and management controls within new systems. Management primarily is focused on harnessing the enterprise resources towards achievement of business objectives. This would involve the managerial processes of planning, organizing, staffing, directing, coordinating, reporting and budgeting.
Every enterprise regardless of its size needs to have an internal control system built into its enterprise structure. Control is defined as: Policies, procedures, practices and enterprise structures that are designed to provide reasonable assurance that business objectives will be achieve and undesired events are prevented or detected and corrected. We are aware that auditors could be involved in providing assurance requiring review of information systems as implemented from control perspective. However, auditor may also be required to provide consulting before, during or after implementation of information systems strategy. It becomes imperative for the auditor to understand the concepts of the enterprise strategy as relevant. Hence, auditors must have good understanding of management aspects as relevant to deployment of I T and IT strategy. This would include understanding of the IS Strategy, policies, procedures, practices and enterprise structure, segregation of duties, etc. Social Protection or social security has become a buzzword among policymakers, particularly in low-income countries, engaged in designing measures to reduce poverty, justification of social protection is often premised on the argument that it may not be possible to address the structural causes of poverty within the prevalent political and economic environment of many low-income countries. Most important structural causes of poverty are association with unequal distribution of factors of production, mainly, land and capital. Such unequal distribution of factors of production, mainly, land and capital. Such unequal distribution results in poor facing a limited supply of the factors of production making it very difficult for them to participate in the process of economic growth. Poor are also unable to adequately access the health and educational infrastructure due to their assetlessness and thus most often fail to build up their capabilities. The situation is compounded due to continued social exclusion and discrimination. Although a section of advocates of social protection acknowledge the structural causes of poverty, they also argue that absence of social protection measures and safety nets for the poor and vulnerable perpetuates poverty among them. As the policymakers find it infeasible to correct the distributional aspects of poverty in the given politico-economic environment. They are increasingly realizing that availability of social protection measures may help in reducing the severity of the poverty situation to a large extent.
Social protection is generally described to include public actions taken in response ot levels of vulnerability, risk and deprivation, which are deemed socially unacceptable within a given society. Such actions also include interventions and initiatives that enhance the social status and rights of the marginalized. Basic idea of social protection is to use social means to prevent deprivation, and vulnerability to deprivation. Social protect in thus, has a strong poverty focus.
British Expansion: