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Business and Society

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* Authority – The power to hold people accountable for their actions and to allocate organizational resources. * Bureaucracy – Formal system of organization and administration designed to ensure efficiency and effectiveness. * Competitive advantage – The ability of one organization to outperform other organizations because it produces desired goods and services more efficiently and effectively than they do. * Conceptual Skills – The ability to analyze and diagnose a situation and distinguish between cause and effect. * Controlling – Evaluating how well an organization is achieving its goals and taking action to maintain or improve performance; one of the four principal tasks of management. * Core competency – The specific set of departmental skills, knowledge, and experience that allows one organization to outperform another. * Department – A group of people who work together and possess similar skills or use the same knowledge, tools, or techniques to perform their jobs. * Effectiveness – A measure of the appropriateness of the goals an organization is pursuing and the degree to which the organization achieves those goals. * Efficiency – A measure of how well or how productively resources are used to achieve a goal. * Empowerment – The expansion of employees’ knowledge, tasks and decision making responsibilities. * First-line manager – A manager who is responsible for the daily supervision of non-managerial employees. * Global organizations – Organizations that operate and compete in more than one country. * Hawthorne effect – Worker’s productivity is affected more by observation or attention received then by physical work setting. * Human relations movement – Advocates behavior and leadership training of supervisors to elicit worker cooperation and improve productivity. * Human skills – The ability to

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