...used to support verification and data collection scripts. The scripts control various test equipments in addition to the device under test (DUT) to characterize a specific performance with a specific configuration or to evaluate the correctness of the behaviour of the DUT. The specific focus on this paper is on documenting our experiences in building an automation framework using Python: on the purposes, goals and the benefits, rather than on a tutorial of how to build such a framework. 1. Introduction I work in a growing IC design company that focuses on wireless solutions. The project described in this paper was developed when we were developing the fifth generation of our product. We were facing huge challenges for this project: our product's feature sets have grown so much that manual verification of the features require more than 2 months (and this would involve most of the engineering team doing manual tests). Recent economic situation prohibited any further investment, both for manpowers and tools. However, the project needs to be completed on time, or we would risked losing a significant potential business. We basically faces a risk of taping out our Application Specific Integrated Circuit (ASIC) with potential major defects due to untested features1. Understanding this risk, we did an evaluation on how much can we gain by automating a number of crucial test cases. It was obvious that the benefits were significant: we would have 16 more hours each...
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...comparison to a design, and can discover properties that can be later fed into a conformance analysis. Rather than pursuing a single, narrow research approach, we have tried to explore the problem from many angles. We consider how a codebase may be analyzed in the presence of some design models; how it might be analyzed if there is no explicit design documentation; and how minimal design properties expressed as code annotations might be exploited. We have developed static analyses that require no execution of the code but can simulate the effect of all possible executions, and dynamic analyses that require a test suite but can produce more accurate results. Some of our static analyses are conservative, and can guarantee properties of all executions; others are sound in their error reports, so that no false alarms are given. Some of our tools exploit test cases; others generate test cases automatically. Despite the breadth of our approaches, all our work satisfies some fundamental criteria. It is principled and at the same time pragmatic. Being principled means that we are not content to develop ad hoc approaches that may work well in the short term, but which rely on inconsequential properties of particular...
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...Writing effective test cases is a skill and that can be achieved by some experience and in-depth study of the application on which test cases are being written. Here I will share some tips on how to write test cases, test case procedures and some basic test case definitions. What is a test case? “A test case has components that describes an input, action or event and an expected response, to determine if a feature of an application is working correctly.” Definition by Glossary There are levels in which each test case will fall in order to avoid duplication efforts. Level 1: In this level you will write the basic test cases from the available specification and user documentation. Level 2: This is the practical stage in which writing test cases depend on actual functional and system flow of the application. Level 3: This is the stage in which you will group some test cases and write a test procedure. Test procedure is nothing but a group of small test cases maximum of 10. Level 4: Automation of the project. This will minimize human interaction with system and thus QA can focus on current updated functionalities to test rather than remaining busy with regression testing. So you can observe a systematic growth from no testable item to a Automation suit. Why we write test cases? The basic objective of writing test cases is to validate the testing coverage of the application. If you are working in any CMMi company then you will strictly follow test cases standards. So...
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...Upload test Upload test Upload test Upload test Upload test Upload test Upload test Upload test Upload test Upload test Upload test Upload test Upload test Upload test Upload test Upload test Upload test Upload test Upload test Upload test Upload test Upload test Upload test Upload test Upload test Upload test Upload test Upload test Upload test Upload test Upload test Upload test Upload test Upload test Upload test Upload test Upload test Upload test Upload test Upload test Upload test Upload test Upload test Upload test Upload test Upload test Upload test Upload test Upload test Upload test Upload test Upload test Upload test Upload test Upload test Upload test Upload test Upload test Upload test Upload test Upload test Upload test Upload test Upload test Upload test Upload test Upload test Upload test Upload test Upload test Upload test Upload test Upload test Upload test Upload test Upload test Upload test Upload test Upload test Upload test Upload test Upload test Upload test Upload test Upload test Upload test Upload test Upload test Upload test Upload test Upload test Upload test Upload test Upload test Upload test Upload test Upload test Upload test Upload test Upload test Upload test Upload test Upload test Upload test Upload test Upload test Upload test Upload test Upload test Upload test Upload test Upload test Upload test Upload test Upload test Upload test Upload test Upload test Upload test Upload test Upload test Upload test Upload test Upload test Upload...
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...Solve a business cases Every business always arise some problem which we called cases Every business case seems unique, but the techniques for solving business cases don’t have to be reinvented each time you face a dilemma. Adopt a methodical approach to solving all cases so that you won’t find your business in constant crisis management. Running a business means solving cases, so tackle cases with a well thought-out plan to avoid making rash decisions. Solving business cases is what keeps us all employed! It is an interesting dynamic because once you solve or fix one case another case typically arises. The word case is defined as “a puzzle, question, set for solution”. There are good cases (i.e.; increased sales/growth) and there are bad cases (i.e.; decreased revenues/sales) both require the same case solving process and if case resolution is successful, new challenges arise. So you ask, why would an increase in sales and business growth be a case? The case (albeit a good one to have) is determining how to handle the growth from a process, customer and logistical perspective. For example, if you have a start-up software company that caters to a specialized niche and growth is faster than projected, your company will be scrambling to find the manpower, service support and logistics to ensure the customer experience is superior for new clients. Start-ups need to make a great first impression with the quality of the product as well as the customer experience to attract...
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...Introduction: The reason for this ProBac Business Case Template is to give an orderly manual for building a business case for an open – private association venture. The Template will offer a sorted out technique for surveying and displaying a ProBac business case. A business case has three essential targets: • To present chiefs with key data around a business proposition in a predictable, adjusted configuration that encourages the assessment, examination and prioritization of contending activities. • To aide groups in building up their vision and arrangements to get ready for a forthcoming undertaking. • To guarantee that assets are apportioned in light of a sound business basis and predictable with the needs of the patron association. This ProBac Business Case Template is intended to give a typical beginning stage to ProBac ventures. Be that as it may, no two activities are the same, and no two business cases are the same. The business case for any venture must present the key points of interest and contemplations for that. 1. Identify the Opportunity ProBac is a world driving, exploration driven Biotechnology Company concentrated on the worldwide probiotic business sector. Through our exploration we have created probiotics with decently archived helpful well being impacts. ProBac's clients are universally driving sustenance, wellbeing what's more, pharmaceutical organizations dynamic in the worldwide wellbeing item market. We take pride in...
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...THE ON OT C OP YO CASE STUDY HANDBOOK RP OS T ON OP YO RP OT C OS T THE ON OT C Write Persuasively About Cases OP CASE STUDY HANDBOOK How to Read, Discuss, and William Ellet Harvard Business School Press Boston, Massachusetts YO RP OS T Copyright 2007 William Ellet All rights reserved Printed in the United States of America 11 10 09 08 07 5 4 3 2 1 No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in or introduced into a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form, or by any means (electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise), without the prior permission of the publisher. Requests for permission should be directed to permissions@hbsp.harvard.edu, or mailed to Permissions, Harvard Business School Publishing, 60 Harvard Way, Boston, Massachusetts 02163. The copyright on each case in this book unless otherwise noted is held by the President and Fellows of Harvard College and they are published herein by express permission. Permission requests to use individual Harvard copyrighted cases should be directed to permissions@hbsp.harvard.edu, or mailed to the Permissions Editor, Harvard Business School Publishing, 60 Harvard Way, Boston, MA 02163. ON OT C Case material of the Harvard Graduate School of Business Administration is made possible by the cooperation of business firms and other organizations which may wish to remain anonymous by having names, quantities, and other...
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...Notes on Case Analysis David Robinson, September 2008 Business school cases are quite long and complicated. We study cases not so much to find the right answer, but to train ourselves in systematic analysis so we will be effective decision makers in the business world. Successful case preparation depends on multiple readings of the case and multiple points of view. Multiple Readings of the Case If you attempt to analyze a case by pulling an “all-nighter” (waiting until the last minute, spend hours poring over the case and going line by line looking for insights) you will be overwhelmed. You should plan for multiple readings of the case over several days, complemented by group meetings and discussion. Multiple Points of View Even if you are preparing to write an individual brief, you should plan to discuss a case with a study group. You’ll notice that in business the major consulting firms always assign a team of people to each client, not just their single best industry expert. The reason for this is that no one person is likely to comprehend all the problems a firm faces. No two individuals are likely to have the same insights, but the combined wisdom of a team is likely to come up with a fairly comprehensive analysis. First Reading of the Case You should read the case first on your own—if you meet with your study group and open the case book and say, “OK, what’s this about?” there is every likelihood that your team will degenerate into “group think” (one person comes...
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...Case Interview Marathon Workshop Overhead Slides v1.0 By Victor Cheng www.caseinterview.com These materials provided on an “as is” basis with no warranty or guarantee expressed or implied. You use them at your own risk. This information is provided to you for free for non-commercial use. You are welcome to forward this to your friends provided you do not alter any of the content and keep the entire document in tact. I retain copyright ownership over these materials © Victor Cheng Page 1 www.caseinterview.com Introduction • My Story • Goal for Today • How This Workshop Is Different • What I Will NOT Cover o Normal job interview questions o More recent twists to the case interview o Estimation / Back of Envelope Cases • Recommend Reading: “Case in Point” by Marc Cosentino Excellent coverage of recent twists to cases and estimation question type cases © Victor Cheng Page 2 www.caseinterview.com Why I’m Doing This • The first time I did this… • www.kidpower.org Examples o 7 year old girl took class, one year later stopped a man who was trying to molest her at the zoo. o Teenage girl took class, 2 years later got tackled to the ground by kidnaper, fought him off and escaped o 10 year old took class, 13 years later, walking in the woods with an old boy friend, former employee, baseball bat, she took him out My request: IF you find today useful, then make a $50 donation and keep a child safe for life Cost of MBA to Get Interview: Cost to...
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...THE DO N OT C OP YO CASE STUDY HANDBOOK 1/22/07 3:37 PM Page ii DO N OT C OP YO RP OS T ElletFM.qxp 1/22/07 3:37 PM Page iii RP OS T ElletFM.qxp YO THE OP CASE STUDY HANDBOOK How to Read, Discuss, and OT C Write Persuasively About Cases DO N William Ellet Harvard Business School Press Boston, Massachusetts 1/22/07 3:37 PM Page iv RP OS T ElletFM.qxp Copyright 2007 William Ellet YO All rights reserved Printed in the United States of America 11 10 09 08 07 5 4 3 2 1 OP No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in or introduced into a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form, or by any means (electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise), without the prior permission of the publisher. Requests for permission should be directed to permissions@hbsp.harvard.edu, or mailed to Permissions, Harvard Business School Publishing, 60 Harvard Way, Boston, Massachusetts 02163. The copyright on each case in this book unless otherwise noted is held by the President and Fellows of Harvard College and they are published herein by express permission. Permission requests to use individual Harvard copyrighted cases should be directed to permissions@hbsp.harvard.edu, or mailed to the Permissions Editor, Harvard Business School Publishing, 60 Harvard Way, Boston, MA 02163. OT C Case material of the Harvard Graduate School of Business Administration is made possible by the cooperation of business firms and other organizations...
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...the Case Analysis Coach This tutorial is designed to start you down the road toward becoming an expert at analyzing business cases. You'll learn how to identify and define the business concepts raised by a case, as well as to develop analysis-based solutions, recommendations, and action plans. These skills will prepare you for class discussions and exams. You will have access to a complete real case, called Komatsu Ltd. and Project G., so that you can apply what you learn to a concrete example. You will also get other helpful resources, such as a Case Analysis Worksheet and samples of classdiscussion notes on the Komatsu case that were prepared by real students like you. In addition, smaller excerpts from other real cases are used to illustrate some of the steps in case analysis. 1 Introduction to Case Analysis Types of Cases The "case method" is an approach to learning that encourages students to extract useful lessons from the experiences of others ("cases"). Students study accounts of specific events in order to discover general principles that they can apply in other situations. Cases tend to fall into one of three categories that sometimes overlap: • • • Decision Cases describe a decision faced by the case protagonist. The student ultimately must choose among a finite set of distinct decision alternatives. Problem Cases require a student to diagnose a problem in a business case and to formulate possible solutions. Evaluation Cases illustrate a business success...
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...Joel Chen BADM 2003 Professor Sharp 03/06/12 Business Case Analysis: AWC Inc. A Case Study on a Small Aluminum Plant in Southwestern Ontario INTRODUCTION: AWC Incorporated is a small-scale but profitable aluminum fabrication plant located in southwestern Ontario. The company has been around since 1950, and was founded by Jim Macdonald, father of the current president Alex Macdonald. AWC specializes in the production of commercial aluminum windows, doors, storefronts and curtain wall products. A company deeply rooted in the local community, AWC has 100 staff, with 45 in production and 55 in the office. Because their sense of belonging, the employees are dedicated to the superior quality and competitive prices that the company is known for in the industry, in which the competition has become increasingly fierce. Recently, AWC Inc. is facing a decision regarding the installation of an air treatment system in the welding portion of the plant, as the company’s current pollution control system will no longer comply with the new Ontario’s Environmental Emissions and Occupational Heath and Safety regulations. The cost of the required emissions control system will have a major impact on the company’s overall profit and cash flow, which may jeopardize AWC Inc’s survival under the current recession. This article will examine the past practices and current situation of AWC Inc. using two different frameworks—Bill Gates’ “creative capitalism” and Garrett Hardin’s “Tragedy of...
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...BUS 187 - Discussion & Application Papers (2 @ 25 Points each) These papers are meant to help student review the new materials learned and apply to cases to improve their understanding and appreciation of various concepts, terms etc. Such papers also make the task of preparing for exams easier as most of the materials you need to know would have been reviewed periodically, instead of the conventional cramming. Discussion & Application Papers are each worth 25 points. Each student needs to select 1 out of the two cases 1A OR 1B. Both these cases Nike and Ikea are available in the textbook. Each student must complete Case 2 due on Apr 28th. This case will be available on the Harvard Business Case website. The instructions to download this case are available on page 2 of this document. The assignments are due in the drop box, on the days indicated in the schedule, at the beginning of class time. You need to make two copies so that you can retain one for your own use during the class discussion phase and hand the other to the instructor for grading purposes. The paper should incorporate: 1. Your analysis of the Case 2. Generally the last question or two are the opinion questions so always respond to those question/s. In addition, you may select up to two questions. Thus respond to a minimum of three and maximum of four questions. You can do so in bullet form or as paragraphs. 3. Apply key concepts, definitions from all chapters and lectures discussed in class until this discussion...
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...过来人简历模板 王 勇 北京邮电大学******** 教育背景 2008.09-2012.07 2011.02 北京邮电大学 哈佛大学 热能工程系 青年创新与企业家项目 工学学士 中国，北京 美国，波士顿 部分课程：高等数学（81） ，流体力学（79） ，宏观经济学（89） ，投资学（90） ，国际经济学（83） ，会计学原理（89） 修读关于领袖素质、商业案例分析、宏观经济比较、商业与技术创新等领域的专业课程 组成项目团队，对不动产领域的投资模式进行分析，并向来自哈佛大学与麻省理工学院的资深教授进行展示 2011.08 2011.08 实习经历 2011.07-2011.08 美国万通金融集团 金融管理实习生 中国，香港 ——财富 500 强公司，超过 158 年风险及财务管理经验，全美 5 大互惠寿险公司，管理资产逾 3630 亿美元 （+86）138-****-**** yong.wang@guolairen.com 香港中文大学 工商管理学院 国际商业交换生项目（成绩：优，前 20％） 中国，香港 部分课程：资本市场，财务管理，管理实务，商业案例分析 万通国际商业案例大赛一等奖，杰出表现奖学金（前 10%) 接受资本市场、财富管理、风险管理、退休管理、投资理财、销售循环、财务策划等入职培训 协助公司拓展内地市场业务，撰写证券投资基金行业报告，对比香港与内地基金业关键性指标（包括可比财务指标、 资产收益率等）并提出合理性建议，带领 7 人团队完成 35 页分析报告 深入分析研究华夏基金管理公司并撰写企业报告，运用 SWOT 和 4P 法分析其产品组合，竞争地位，完成 17 页分析报 告（英文版） ，提交给公司高层用于了解内地市场 协助部门经理进行市场调研，通过问卷进行 30 名客户的调研与分析，完成任务质量在团队排名前 20% 实习生 中国，北京 2010.07-2010.08 过来人（北京）咨询有限公司 ——中国领先的雇主品牌方案提供商，下辖中国最大的大学生求职网站，主要客户包括欧莱雅、IBM、中移动等 领导 4 人的项目团队搜集和分析企业信息，按照相应的分析框架制作针对潜在雇员的企业分析报告（包括麦肯锡、 摩立特、壳牌、BP）和行业分析报告（如投行、咨询、金融、零售） 与团队合作两个月共完成报告 263 份，被引用下载次数达 60 万次，独立起草 14 份行业分析演示报告 在高级咨询顾问指导下改进行业报告分析框架，为新成员提供培训，有效优化工作流程 参与搜狐与贝塔斯曼等企业雇主品牌全国推广项目，在 CEO 的指导下参与客户会谈与项目执行 团队负责人 美国，纽约 课外活动 2011.03 未来企业家案例大赛 ——参加于哥伦比亚大学举办的案例大赛，与来自美国、中国的 3 名小组成员完成案例研究 修读关于宏观经济学、微观经济学、企业战略、市场营销和财务分析等领域的专业课程 带领 4 人团队在 1 个月内完成不动产相关案例的数据调研和数据调研，并完成两万字的案例报告 创始人 中国，北京 2010.11-今 过来人职业发展俱乐部 ——全国最大的职业发展类公益团体，源自清华大学，成员逾 1 万人，来自全国 30 所知名高校 首次在本校举办为期 3 周“职场过来人经验分享”系列活动，成功邀请超过 20 名企业嘉宾，嘉宾均来自 KMPG、P&G、 HSBC 等知名企业，举办讲座超过...
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