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Business Economics

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Submitted By trymas87
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Kotter:
I forbindelse med stuidene sine har Kotter avdekket åtte elementære feil som blir gjort når det utføres endringer ute i organisasjoner. Feilene som blir begått har han videre brukt til å utarbeide en modell på hvordan en kan gjennomføre endringer med suksess i organisasjoner. Med andre ord, danner feilene han oppdaget grunnlaget for Kotters 8 stegs modell.
Modellen består av følgende steg: 1) Skap en forståelse for at endringen haster og er nødvendig

2) Opprett enn gruppe som har autoritet, kompetanse og nødvendig tillit / troverdighet til å lede endringen.

3) Utvikle en visjon og en praksis. strategi

4) Få så mange som mulig til å forstå og akseptere visjonen og strategien

5) Fjern så mange barrierer som mulig for å øke sannsynligheten for at visjonen og strategien blir til faktisk handling 6) Skap fremskritt som ikke er for ambisiøse så raskt som mulig

7) Gå på etter de første suksessene slik at det ikke blir et stopp i endringsprosessen.

8) Hold på den endrede atferden og strukturen slik at den ikke faller tilbake til gammel
Steg en i prosessen har som oppgave å løse opp og få folk til å tenke utenfor «status quo». Når man sier at det «haster» mener man at dersom ikke en endring gjennomføres NÅ vil det føre til en negativ utvikling fremover. Negativ utvikling i organisasjoner er noe som bør oppfattes som dramatisk og derfor er det viktig å skape en forståelse for at endringen er viktig og ikke minst haster
Likevel så er det en gjenganger at selskap verden gjør feil allerede her ved å ignorere steg en i Kotters modell (Kotter International, 2014). Ledere undervurderer hvor vanskelig det er å slå gjennom med en endring samtidig som de overvurderer tidligere suksesshistorier. Sammen er dette egenskaper som er farlige og danner et dårlig grunnlag for kommende endringer. Dette resulterer ofte i at en gjør forhastede beslutninger som resulterer i at det ikke dannes en forståelse for at endringen er nødvendig.
Det er flere feller å gå i her i punkt en et av de er å være for selvtilfreds, dette gjelder både for ledelse og medarbeiderne. Dette går blant annet ut på det å hvile på at ting går bra, hvile på gamle suksesshistorier til tross for at det går dårlig osv. I en slik tilstand er det lett at en overser ting og ikke rekker å reagere på ting som helst skulle fått en til å handle. Og når det da ikke settes tiltak til verks lar en det skure og gå for å konkludere med at «det går sikkert bra».
Et annet problem kan være at det skapes et falskt inntrykk av at endringen haster, dette går ut på at folk jobber hardt, men at arbeidet de gjør faktisk ikke hjelper bedriften å nå de overordnede målene. Dette virker mot sin hensikt og er uproduktivt og medarbeiderne sliter seg ut og endringen står samtidig stille.
Når det er dannet et riktig inntrykk av at endringen haster derimot vil medarbeiderne være fokuserte på å kontinuerlig fremgang. Den motiverende drivkraften har sitt utspring i at det finnes store potensialer og muligheter om dette lar seg gjøre, og at det vil kunne få konsekvenser dersom man ikke lykkes. Dette kan i mange tilfeller skape en slags magefølesle som inspirerer til å handle nå som det er nødvendig å ta i et tak.
Så hvordan skaper man egentlig riktig inntrykk av at endingen haster? Mange gjør feil nettopp her, for det har seg ikke slik at endringer som oftest ikke er godt gjennomtenkt, men problemet i mange tilfeller er at det kun appelleres til folks fornuft og ikke til følelsene deres. Skal en kunne garantere en suksess må man i steg en appellere både til fornuften og følelsene til medarbeiderne. Ved å flette inn menneskelig erfaring, aktivere den enkeltes sanser og formidle visjoner og strategier på en slik måte at folk forstår de er essensielt i forhold til å skape en forståelse om at budskapet er viktig for alle.
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