...Ishan Walia 860931111 Dr. Jasso Section 122 EXAM 1 1) On Moral Development a) Lawrence Kohlberg, a professor at both University of Chicago and Harvard, was the creator of the famous “theory of stages of moral development.” This theory consisted of six stages which evaluated the moral reasoning of a person. The theory is divided into three levels, each of which has two stages within them. The levels consist of preconvention level, conventional level and post conventional level. The preconvention level consists of stages one and two. This level focuses on the individual themselves, and according to Kohlberg begins to develop between at and early age (Pegasus page 1). first stage is known as the “punishment and obedience” stage. Here people are put in scenarios where they are trying to avoid punishment both mentally and physically. Here what people ask themselves is “what must I do to not get punished.” An example of this stage can be illustrated by a Nazi soldier during the time of the holocaust. Here the soldier is ordered to kill his friend who happens to be of Jewish faith, now the soldier needs to decide whether he needs to kill his friend to avoid punishment or to stand up for his friend and not kill him and receive punishment. The next stage is called the “instrumental relativist” stage and is where people see the ideal, “treat others how they would treat you.” In this stage a person is to do whatever it takes to survive or get ahead, as they feel anyone in their...
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...fostering thought on weather or not to walk away. All other facts aside an individual must determine if what they are about to do violates their morality. In this case it would be easy to say that the individual who signed a note stating, “I promise to pay” and to abide by the contract, should morally responsible for upholding said contract. As discussed in class an individual’s value may lye true to the greater good of the family. If this is the case then the ethical dilemma of following through with what was promised may not be a dilemma at all. This person would have to make the best financial decision for his or her family and therefore truly believe that an ethical decision was made. This article also talks about the social ethic decision making of the lenders. Although not necessarily illegal it may have been unethical for the lenders to manipulate market values by awarding appraisals knowing the house is not truly worth the amount (This could be a whole different ethical argument). These individual loan officers were faced with a personal and or social ethical consequence. The question they may have asked themselves is, do I hold true to my responsibility to making money for XYZ...
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...All businesses face ethical issues. Some, as they should, see them as an important aspect to be remembered when making a business decision, while others wrongly see them as an inconvenience. Earlier this year, the news was released that the American pharmaceutical company GlaxoSmithKline were fined $3 billion (£1.9 billion) after bribing doctors to increase their drugs sales. The company admitted corporate misconduct over the antidepressants named Paxil and Wellbutrin as well as the asthma drug Advair. They also admitted to encouraging the prescription of these unsuitable antidepressants to children. Not only was this extremely unethical but also unsafe. Thus, generating profit for the company but also danger for those who were inappropriately prescribed the drug. In order to permit such an action, any moral values which the company may have had must have been ignored. The company encouraged sales reps in the US to mis-sell three drugs to doctors as well as lavish hospitality and kickbacks on those who agreed to write extra prescriptions, including trips to resorts in Bermuda, Jamaica and California. Psychiatrists and their partners were flown to five-star hotels, on all-expenses-paid trips where speakers, paid up to $2,500 to attend, gave positive presentations on the drugs. They could enjoy diving, golf, fishing and other extra activities arranged by the company. GlaxoSmithKline also held eight luxurious three-day events in 2000 and 2001 at hotels in Puerto Rico...
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...Title Length Color Rating Different Viewpoints of Business Ethics - Introduction The purpose of this short paper is to compare and contrast three different peer-reviewed journal articles and one online periodical. First, the paper provides a brief introduction of the four articles. Second, the paper compares and contrasts the four articles. Finally, the author presents his views on the topic of social responsibility and business ethics before concluding the paper. Four Articles All four articles center their focus on business ethics. Of the four articles, three are scholarly peer-reviewed journal articles and one, by Friedman, is an online periodical.... [tags: Business, Ethics] :: 4 Works Cited 2005 words (5.7 pages) Strong Essays [preview] Alahmad and Murphy on Business Ethics - The first two journal articles that were compared and contrasted were Ala Alahmad’s 2010 article on To Be Ethical or Not to Be: An International Code of Ethics for Leadership and Patrick Murphy’s 2009 article on The Relevance of Responsibility to Ethical Business Decisions. Some key findings of Alahmad’s writings were that ethics and leadership were closely tied together; they were found to be derivatives of one another. He mentioned that ethics is an individual thought process of making good or poor decisions.... [tags: Business Ethics] :: 4 Works Cited 970 words (2.8 pages) Strong Essays [preview] Ethical Perspectives on Business Ethics - The determination of this paper is to compare and...
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...Global Peter Drucker Challenge Essay Contest Social Responsibility and Managerial Ethics A Focus on MNCs Prepared by: Kidus G.Mehalu Addis Ababa, Ethiopia August 2011 Social Responsibility and Ethics of MNCs The 2nd Peter Drucker’s Challenge Social Responsibility and Managerial Ethics -A Focus on MNCs . 1.1 Introductory Remarks Managers today are usually quite sensitive to issues of social responsibility and ethical behavior because of pressures from the public, interest groups, legal and governmental concerns, and media coverage. It is less clear where to draw the line between socially responsible behavior and the corporation’s other concerns, or between the conflicting expectations of ethical behavior among different countries. This essay on social responsibility and ethics set externally to international managers and thus in a sense outside their realm of control, is the expectation of appropriate behavior. This behavior is measured both in terms of social responsibility of the organization as such, as well as ethical behavior of individual managers. In addition to these expectations there is an onus on organizations and managers alike to manage the relationship with the host country. Having noted this, I shall now move on to the main issues this essay has set out to address in the following manner: 1.2 Global Interdependence Global interdependence is a compelling dimension of the global business environment, creating demands on international managers to take...
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...VRIJE UNIVERSITEIT AMSTERDAM COURSE ETHICS 4.3 with special reference to PROFESSIONAL ETHICS Code 61432100 [final version January 10, 2012] Academic year 2011-2012 Period 3: January. Faculty of Economics and Business Administration: MSc Program Business Administration. Prof. dr. Eduard Kimman course assistant: Karin Tjeerdsma (k.t.tjeerdsma@vu.nl) Background This course, in the setting of various Master Programmes at the Faculty of Economic and Business Sciences, is about the morality of professional people acting in the context of a business organization. Business organizations or organizations as such do have a formal structure in which responsibility ultimately lies with a director or the board of directors. A business organization forms a context for a great variety of decisions. In a juridical perspective the organization is the bearer of numerous transactions. Inside organizations one may find remarkable opportunities for just or unjust behaviour, for moral or immoral behaviour, for situations of equality or inequality which deserve to be evaluated ethically. As FEWEB is a school for the study of economics and business administration in an economic perspective we focus on so-called “economic decisions” which are decisions being taken with some form of economic calculus. In this course we will spend time on questioning whether the economic or financial outcomes of these decisions are morally neutral or deserve some further moral investigation...
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...am Scam and Ethics Running head: ETHICAL ISSUES IN SATYAM SCAM 1 A Study of Ethical Issues in Satyam Scam Haresh M Patel (Roll No.2234) B.K.School of Business Management (Evening Programme) ?Ethical Issues in Satyam Scam Abstract “Reputation is an idle and most false imposition: oft got without merit, and lost without deserving”. Failed institutions, including Lehman Brothers, Enron and Satyam, would stand a testimony to this affray in a post-mortem analysis. This paper discusses corporate ethical issues involved in ‘Satyam Scam’ from a compliance perspective. It makes a distinction between legal and ethical compliance mechanisms and also shows that the legal compliance mechanism has clearly proven to be inadequate as it lacks the moral firepower to restore confidence and the ability to build trust. The concepts of freedom of indifference and freedom for excellence provide a theoretical basis for explaining why legal compliance mechanisms are insufficient in 2 dealing with fraudulent practices and may not be addressing the real and fundamental issues that inspire ethical behavior. The focus of the virtues in governance is to establish a series of practical responses which depend on the consistent application of core values and principles as well as commitment to ethical business practice. In my opinion, No one makes it to the top ranks of corporate management without a healthy amount of self-assurance. Confidence underlies decisive, strong leadership, but does overconfidence...
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...Writing for Students FREE SAMPLE ESSAYS, RESEARCH PAPER EXAMPLES, TERM PAPERS, EXAMPLE DISSERTATIONS, WRITING TIPS AND WRITING GUIDELINES FOR HIGH SCHOOL, COLLEGE AND UNIVERSITY STUDENTS. HERE YOU CAN ALSO FIND INFORMATION ABOUT CUSTOM WRITING SERVICES AT WHICH YOU CAN BUY CUSTOM WRITTEN PAPERS ONLINE. FRIDAY, FEBRUARY 19, 2010 Essay on Business Ethics http://writing4students.blogspot.inhttp://writing4students.blogspot.in Essay on Business Ethics Business ethics represents all the principles and standards that guide behaviour in the world of business. Therefore, all this set of principles applies in any of the fields of business (marketing, finance…) and people inevitably face ethical decisions in their every day working lives. The aim is to make every employee adhere to these standards because obviously, it is more profitable for a company to be ethical in business. But, as ethical issues are linked to decision-making, how can all decisions be ethical and above all whose responsibility is it? Therefore, we could wonder if business ethics is a personal responsibility or a group responsibility. We are going to divide this essay into two parts, the thesis and the antithesis, in order to determine whether or not business ethics is a personal responsibility. We can write a custom essay on Business Ethics for you! Values are very important as they are the core of our culture. However, people tend to separate ethics in business and in personal life even if both are...
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... The objective of this essay is to identify the key factors involved based on two opposing perspectives as to whether business practice should be treated as a profession or not. The essay aims to discover as to which argument is more compelling and the reasons for it. The essay will conclude with supporting reasons favouring one of the two points of view. Business as a Profession This section will provide arguments that support the idea of business and management as a profession. Khurana, Nohria and Penrice (2005) strongly argue that business management should be a profession in order to prepare managers on how to conduct themselves in an ethical behaviour, employ proper judgement while making business decisions and maintain trust internally and externally. This concept maintains that 4 factors are crucial in order to determine the success of management as a profession which is a standardised body of knowledge that is widely accepted, a process of ensuring that individuals possess the required skills before granting them license to practice, ensure that individuals are dedicated to using their knowledge for the common good instead of maximising on profits and finally to create a code of ethics that can ensure that individuals are compliant with the guidelines. This school of thought is supported by Zsolnai (2009) who agrees that a professionalization of business is required to avoid the irresponsible behaviours displayed by business leaders today. In a nutshell...
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...Below is a free essay on "Whistleblowing" from Anti Essays, your source for free research papers, essays, and term paper examples. Whistleblowing is a highly controversial and widely discussed topic in today’s society due to many high profile cases including the circumstances surrounding the Space Shuttle Challenger explosion and what was documented in the movie The Insider about the tobacco industry. Ethically, the decision for someone to whistleblow is a tremendous one. The person needs to weigh many factors and take many things into consideration before making that step. This paper will use the movie The Insider, Ethical Theory and Business and material collected from the internet to (1) discuss definitions and conditions of whistleblowing; what motivates whistleblowers; ethical and other considerations including risks and typical results of whistleblowing cases. Definitions and conditions of whistleblowing “A whistleblower is an individual that believes that his or her organization is engaged in or willingly permits unethical, unlawful or otherwise reprehensible activities. Whistleblowers bring attention to the objectionable activity and attempt to effect change. Whistleblowers generally report these actions internally and may ultimately resort to reporting these activities to external authorities or interested parties.” (http:cosign.scu. edu505set01003WhistleblowerProfile.htm) In the essay “Whistleblowing and Professional Responsibility” published in Ethical Theory and...
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...found BAT is trying to attract more young African buyers of its product by adjusting marketing strategy to meet young people's needs. They are actually promoting and selling cigarettes in form of “single sticks”, which is attractive to young people of poor African countries like Nigeria, Malawi and Mauritius, who cannot afford to buy a whole packet of cigarettes. Now, there is nothing wrong with marketing one's product to target an audience of possible consumers. However, in this case, BAT allegedly targeted African children as young as 11 by aggressively marketing single sticks' to them. The company also hosted events that targeted young people despite their publicly stated commitments. Now, we know that most ethical issues concerning business consumer relations refer to the ‘marketing mix’, ethical issues in product policy, marketing communications, pricing and marketing strategy. Ethical Issues in marketing management – Product Policy At the most basic level, manufacturers should exercise due care in establishing that all reasonable steps are taken to ensure that their products are free from defects and safe to use as well as effective and fit for the purpose. Cigarette may be effective as they claim it to be. It works as stress reliever and give one some attitude, the purpose may be fulfilled, but it is not a safe product in any measure. And though consumers’ right to a safe product is not an unlimited right, but here they targeted children as young as 11 found buying...
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... Saved PapersSave your essays here so you can locate them quickly! TopicsBusinessEthicsCorporate Social ResponsibilityApplied EthicsCorporationManagementSocial ResponsibilityHewlett Packard Popular TopicsAcceptance EssaysArtsCustom PapersEnglishForeignHistoryMiscellaneousMoviesMusicNovelsPeoplePoliticsReligionScienceSportsTechnology Business Ethics What is business ethics? According to International Business Ethics Institute, understanding business ethics can be problematic in the sense that, this field is vast, often encompassing many concerns such as corporate governance, social responsibility, reputation management, accurate accounting and audits, fair labor practices and environmental stewardship to name a few. Moreover, it generally addresses the entire scope of responsibilities and obligations that a company has to each of its stakeholders like clients, employees, shareholders, suppliers and the community. To simply define business ethics, it is a form of applied ethics where it inculcates a sense within a company’s employees on how to conduct business responsibly. Business ethics seems easy to understand but when you get to the real one, you could find yourself in a confusing situation. Since the term ethics can pose many definitions in a broad context and it can be difficult to find a common understanding of the term, hence, most companies refer the concept of the term ethics as integrity, business practices or responsible business conduct. After you have...
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...must be dealt with quite often. It is important that the people working within the industry provide high quality financial statements and always pay close attention to ethical concerns that may arise. Since ethics is such a major concern in the accounting industry, a rules based system is in place for enforcing ethical concerns. There are many regulating bodies that exist that enforce many highly detailed regulations that people within the industry must follow at all times. Throughout history there have been several major accounting scandals that have been followed by new regulation to ensure that these problems do not come up again. CLERP 9 and the Sarbanes-Oxley Act are just a couple of acts that have caused significant changes to the accounting world in recent times. This paper will look at some of the different issues that accountants face as well as some of the regulations that seek to end unethical behavior. Ethical Standards in Accounting Introduction The accounting industry is an always changing and constantly growing industry. Accounting plays a vital role in society and business and up until recently accounting was considered to have some of the highest standards for ethical and moral conduct in business. In recent years there have been many high profile business failures caused by the unethical behavior or accountants and accounting firms. Since some major companies, like Enron were involved in serious financial scandals, there has been a push to increase regulation...
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...Ethics Barbara Brinkley MGT 498 February 27, 2012 Daniel Smith Ethics Ethics are moral standards by which people judge behavior (LoveToKnow Corp, 2012). The function the essay is to enlighten and identify the function of ethics and social responsibility in extending a strategic plan while contemplating the stakeholder needs and agendas. This essay will incorporate a pattern of an organization disregarding moral boundaries for stake holders’ agenda, and what style of defensive precautions were used to circumvent the situation. Business Ethics Business ethics is a structure of ethics that scrutinize the ethical beliefs and moral problem that are portrayed in business. Ethics play an extremely critical role in business today due to policies, procedures, and practices. Systems are in place to govern order and formation in an organization. Employees often challenge these systems and parameters because of no reverence for the management team. Social Responsibility The impression of social responsibility suggests that a selected organization has duties to the public that inflate ahead of making a profit. Strategic assessments repeatedly persuade other entities than just the organization. For example, a decision to cut back by concluding distribution centers and feigned goods affects not only the organization’s workers, but also the surroundings where the plants are located...
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...Everyone agrees that business managers must understand finance and marketing. But is it necessary for them to study ethics? Managers who answer in the negative generally base their thinking on one of three rationales. They may simply say that they have no reason to be ethical. They see why they should make a profit, and most agree they should do so legally. But why should they be concerned about ethics, as long as they are making money and staying out of jail? Other managers recognize that they should be ethical but identify their ethical duty with making a legal profit for the firm. They see no need to be ethical in any further sense, and therefore no need for any background beyond business and law. A third group of managers grant that ethical duty goes further than what is required by law. But they still insist that there is no point in studying ethics. Character is formed in childhood, not while reading a college text or sitting in class. These arguments are confused and mistaken on several levels. To see why, it is best to start with the question raised by the first one: why should business people be ethical? Why Should One Be Ethical? There is already something odd about this question. It is like asking, “Why are bachelors unmarried?” They are unmarried by definition. If they were married, they would not be bachelors. It is the same with ethics. To say that one should do something is another way of saying it is ethical. If it is not ethical, then one should...
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