...Business History Ýn The United States At The End Of The Twentieth Century The History of Business history Business history in the united states at the end of the twentieth century and the beginning of the twenty-first is simultaneously thriving and strungling with itsidentity.There are clear signs of vigor, including a rising membership in the major professional organization in the field, BHC (Business History Conference). The organization recently launched a new quarterly professional journals; • Enterprise & Society • Economic and Business Historical Society. There are also some signs of stress, including a growing debate among business historians over the future direction of the field. Business history has grown tremendously in recent years, not only in terms of the number of scholar interested in the subject but also in academic structure Alfred D. Chandler has dominated the field over the past several decades.But, business history, of course, is more than Chandler. But thought business historians are doing exciting new work, there is no consensus about which way the field should be headed in the twenty-first century. The Economic History Association (EHA) lists 1,242 members, over twice the membership of the BHC. To examine the state of business history in the United States at the end of the twentieth century, we must get down to basics and ask a few questions about business history.These are; • Where have we come from? • What are its practitioners...
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...History of Management • People have been working with other people since the beginning of time. As a result of this, there are several theories in the study of management. • The main schools of management thought include: 1. Classical Management (developing universal principles for use in management situations) 2. Behavioural Management (human needs, workgroup, societal factors) 3. Quantitative Management (using math techniques to solve problems) 4. Modern Approach to Management (systems, contingency plans) 1. Classical Management Approach • Classic management approaches include scientific management, administrative principles and bureaucratic organizations. • The basic assumption of classical management approaches is that people are rational. This theory assumes that people will rationally consider the opportunities available to them and do whatever is necessary to maximize their economic gain. • Frederick Taylor is known as the “Father of Scientific Management” He advocated the four principles of scientific management: a. Develop a science for every job, including rules of motion, standardized work implements, and proper working conditions. b. Carefully select workers with the right abilities for the job c. Carefully train workers and provide proper incentives d. Support workers by carefully planning their work and by smoothing the way as they go about their jobs ...
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...Department: B.B.A Course: Introduction to Business Course Code: BUS 101 “Asssignment on” Why we should study business?including its success,failure,history and principels. Assignment No: 01 Prepared for: Farhana Nusrat Rumman Prepared by: Md. Mahadi Hasan Shawon ID: 2016-1-10-323 Submission Date: Why we should study Business: The study of business will help us to increase our skills,sharpen our knowledge and understand the business and economic links among nations.There are some other reasons for which we study business: 1.Increasing dependence on others: Over the years,people have become more and more dependent on others.The knowledge of business is increasing the understanding of mutual dependence through business system.For example-you drive a car that is manufactured in Japan. 2. International opportunities: In the 21st century,it has become indispensable for every one especially individuals educated in business to take exiting opportunities that will exit around the world.By studing business they can know how to start,operate,and sustain business successfully in the competitive world. 3.Improving standard of living: Standard of living indicate measure of how well a person or family is doing in terms of satisfying needs and wants with goods and service.This is possible through their knowledge of business.so we must study business to develop our standard of living. 4.preventing misconceptions: Understanding business also prevents us accepting misconceptions...
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...The Rise of Market Society in Europe and the Industrial Revolutions in Britain MGMT 1030 Schulich School of Business The Three Industrial Revolutions-General Features 1)First Industrial Revolution (1760s to 1840s) ➢ Led by Britain, with the United States, France, and Germany following several decades later ➢ Marked by increases in agricultural productivity, the development of new transportation methods such as canals, the rise of urban society, and the growth of the factory system ➢ Typical new products were steam engines and factory-produced items such as cotton textiles and ironware 2)Second Industrial Revolution (1840s to 1940s) ➢ Led by the United States, Britain, and Germany ➢ Marked by communication and transportation revolutions, the development of the telegraph, railroads, and the internal combustion engine, and the development of the modern corporate structure ➢ Typical new products were steel, chemicals, and a wide array of consumer goods such as automobiles and home appliances 3)Third Industrial Revolution (1950s to present) ➢ Led by the United States and Japan ➢ Marked by the rise of the service economy, international financial and trade transactions, and the introduction of the computer ➢ Typical new products were consumer electronics and a wide array of pharmaceuticals The Pre-Market Economy to 1700 1)Economic Society in the European Middle Ages A)The Manorial System ...
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...Enviroment Management We know that the most important thing we can do to reduce our impact on the environment is to improve our products’ environmental performance. That’s why we design them to use less material, ship with smaller packaging, be free of many toxic substances, and be as energy efficient and recyclable as possible. So as we continue to grow faster than the rest of the industry, we’re doing it with products that are friendlier to the environment than ever, and we remain committed to creating products that have the least amount of impact on the environment. Though our revenue has grown, our greenhouse gas emissions per dollar of revenue have decreased by 21.5 percent since 2008. And we’re still the only company in our industry whose entire product line not only meets but exceeds the strict energy guidelines of the ENERGY STAR specification. Environmentally conscious materials. In addition to eliminating toxins and designing products with highly recyclable aluminum enclosures, Apple works with environmentally conscious materials including recycled plastics, recycled paper, biopolymers, and vegetable-based inks. We have also found ways to reengineer secondary materials to the high standard of our designs. For example, our fan assemblies in Mac Pro use advanced materials derived from repolymerized plastic bottles. Speaker assemblies and internal brackets in the Apple Thunderbolt Display are made from recycled PC-ABS. In 2012, our latest achievements included the...
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...IKEA is a Swedish company founded in 1943 with its headquarters in Denmark, is a multinational chain of stores for home furnishing and furniture. It is the biggest furniture retailer, which specializes, in stylish and inexpensive Scandinavian designed furniture. IKEA story begins in 1926 when founder Ingvar Kamprad is born in in southern Sweden. He is raised a farm near the small village of Agunnaryd. Even as a young boy Ingvar knows he wants to develop a business. Ikea take the name from the initials of Ingvar Kamprad I and K, plus the first letters of Elmtaryd and Agunarrid witch the names of the farm he grew up. How and why it developed The business idea was to offer a wide range of well designed, home furnishing products in low prices.so,...
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...Accounting history is important because it is the most important professions in economic, business and cultural development. It sum of all the events--that have happened in accounting field. This sum guides our actions in the present in accounting profession. Accountants invented writing, involved development of money and banking, innovated the double entry bookkeeping system that fueled the Italian Renaissance, saved many Industrial Revolution inventors and entrepreneurs survive, participated in the development of the capital markets necessary for western capitalism. In the 20th century, accounting had changed into a profession that brought credibility for complex business practices that sparked the economic, and as a platform to the information revolution that is transforming the global economy . Most of us don’t know the names of accounting innovators; in reality, there are no names were known before the Italian Renaissance. The early history and scholars from many fields showed the importance of accounting to so many aspects of economics and culture in the past. Archaeologists discover the interpretations of the artifacts of the ancient accountants, and it is developed over 5,000 years. Accounting was main factor to the success of Italian merchants, necessary to the birth of the Renaissance and Industrial Revolution firms. Nowadays, a global economy integrated information system is a reality, creating new accounting paradigms. Understanding accounting history is needed...
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...Furthermore, individuals who study history can develop numerous skills which will help those individuals in a wide range of jobs. Due to the numerous skills developed through studying history, those who do are not required to have a job exclusively dealing with history. The quote: “The number of explicit professional jobs for historians is considerable, but most people who study history do not become professional historians” (Doc 1) supports the former statement. Granted, the quote is from a history professor named Peter N. Stearns who would have a bias in favor of the inspection of history, although he is a well-educated man who graduated from and taught at Harvard University. The skills acquired from studying history relate to analysis, research,...
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...It is worth to learn the world history because it has shaped today’s society. As an international student, it is interesting to learn and have a better understanding on the history of the United States. I was glad to have Mr. Richard Ng to be my interviewee for my final history essay. In the following essay, I would like to tell you about the biggest historical event that has been influenced on Mr. Ng’s life and get related to what I have learnt in this history class. First, I would like to briefly give you some background information of Mr. Ng. Mr. Ng is a Chinese. He immigrated to the United States with his family in 1967, and he was living in Berkeley. At that time, he was studying in high school as an eleventh grade student. Now, I am...
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...History: Discipline, Foundation, Mold, and Comfort The Primary Reason for Studying History: It Civilizes Us. Inherent in the definition of history as a discipline is the thought that history is a disciplining agent on human behavior. The purpose of discipline is organization, particularly self-organization, and it is only through the lens of history that we can see clearly how to organize ourselves as civilized beings. This organization is reflected by national and sub national groupings, religious, legal, and business codes, and our relations with others (both interpersonal and international), among others. Where history has recorded the associations and dissolutions among the peoples of the earth, in addition to their discoveries, from fire to the internet, from the wheel to the rocket, these recordings have helped organize and guide humans through the incredible past several thousand years of our development. Additional Reasons to Study History: Understanding and Improving Ourselves and Our World There are of course other compelling reasons to study history, as enumerated by Peter Stearns. The first, and arguably most important, according to Stearns is that history provides a basis for understanding, and ideally, living peacefully, among different peoples, although it is true that this knowledge is also used to wage wars. Through his argument on the historical study of alcoholism, Stearns also implies that it helps increase our understanding of social phenomena within...
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...Supported by the texts “The Way to Rainy Mountain”-N. Scott Momaday, “Chief Joseph Speaks”- Chief Joseph, “American Progress”-John Gast, I believe that there is no true history to westward expansion. In John Gast’s picture called the “American Progress” there are so many different things happening in it. Showing that he nor anyone knows really the true history of westward expansion. We’ve all gone off what we have heard about history, but what we’ve heard are all people’s opinions about it. Therefore, we have no clue as to what actually happened during westward expansion.In John Gast’s picture, there were indians and animals running, going in a different direction that the white men.There was also an angel going in the direction of which...
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...A business concept that has changed history Over the last 40 yrs there have been several changes that have occurred in the retail industry that has changed the way we shop today. The business concept of most department stores goes back in history for hundreds of years, but it has evolved and changed over the last forty years. Initially most retail stores were independent and locally owned in the city they conducted business in. Department stores were identified by the products they sold. There were hardware stores, furniture stores, toy stores, clothing stores, grocery stores, and even produce stores. Consumers went to specific stores to purchase specific items. Local specialty stores were replaced by the supermarket. These new superstores specialized in fruit, vegetables and food items, while others went in the opposite direction offering their customers non food items as the core of their business. Consumers were able to purchase essential products that included clothing, furniture, appliances, toiletries, cosmetics, jewelry, toys, and even sporting goods from one location. This had a bad effect on smaller stores as owners were unable to compete with the bigger chains that offered consumers a wide variety of products. Over the last 20 to 30 years, we have seen these supermarkets evolve into yet a different shopping environment for consumers to shop. For example, stores such as Wal-Mart and Target...
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...the majority of the non-drawing related Hall of Fame criteria, a great deal is left to the voter's interpretation. How did historical context affect the success of a performer's run? Did the legacy the candidate leave result in further creative, artistic, and monetary victories in the business? Did the candidate perhaps define a role, and if so, would it have come about or been drastically different without them? These are all natural...
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...Occupational Health and Safety is an interesting and ever-changing field in our world today. An especially intriguing aspect of this profession is the wide spectrum of opportunities available. With such a versatile certification as, Occupational Health and Safety Officer, the possibilities for my future are exciting. However, I believe that before a career is even considered, one must examine his motivations. I graduated from the University of Yaoundé in 1987 with a Bachelor at Law. Soon after my graduation, I secured a job with Pecten Oil as a Lease hand. With no proper orientation, I was sent to the field and on that same day I was unconsciously rushed to a hospital for an injury incurred on site. This lasted for 08 months after which period I decided that never again should any other worker be injured for lack of safety measures on any worksite. For that reason, when I travelled over to Canada, I took the Construction Safety Officers course. I am presently enrolled as a graduate student in Occupational Health and Safety at the Columbia Southern University. One of the proudest accomplishments of my life was earning my university degree, despite the fact that my early adulthood pointed in the opposite direction, beginning with my marriage at the age of 24. Throughout the 1990s I lived as one of the "working poor," someone who slipped through the cracks of supposedly historic prosperity. By the age of 25 I was divorced and frustrated with menial, low-paying jobs: clerk, receptionist...
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... The most famous patriotic stories all contain common myths the American public believes. The signing of the Declaration of Independence, Betsy Ross’ design of the American flag, and Paul Revere’s midnight ride all contain factual inaccuracies or exaggerations. When learning American history, students typically believe that all fifty-six delegates at the Second Continental Congress in Philadelphia signed the Declaration of Independence on July 4, 1776. Americans celebrate this date as Independence Day. The actual date, however, that America declared independence from England was July 2, 1776. The next couple days were spent going over the original draft written by Thomas Jefferson. The confusion of the two dates is because...
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