...ten years, The Asian Financial Crisis was followed by The Global Financial Crisis in 2008. “The precise genesis of the global crisis remains subject to debate. (Lin 2012, Treichel 2012, p.3) “We will argue that global imbalances were the result of the large excess demand in the U.S. over an extended period—the financing of which was made possible by the reserve currency status of the US dollar. “This excess demand resulted from both the public debt” and “the overconsumption by households.” (Lin 2012, Treichel 2012, p.3) “As shock waves of the global financial crisis (GFC) reached East Asia in autumn 2008 immediately after the collapse of Lehman Brothers in September, the region faced the task of evaluating and reassessing the economic cooperation efforts of the previous ten years” (Katada 2011, p.274) Thus by evaluating and reassessing the economic cooperation of those previous ten years East Asia was able to maintain its flexibility during the Global Financial Crisis. The aim/purpose of this assignment is to show how the Asian economies have performed during and after the Global Financial Crisis, in relation to the structural transformation, in the role of the state/government, businesses, labour relations and regional...
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...sources for the purchase of local capital assets such as buildings, lands, and machinery. IMF intervention until now still become controversial, two of well-known economist which are Stiglitz and Sachs said that because of IMF intervention the crisis has become much worse rather than before. Moreover, we will discuss about global crisis, this crisis happened in 2007. This started in US because of housing mortgage, and also credit crunch. The difference between Asia crisis and the Global crisis also will be discussed. Asian Crisis Hot money is “Money that flows regularly between financial markets as investors attempt to ensure they get the highest short-term interest rates possible. Hot money will flow from low interest rate yielding countries into higher interest rates countries by investors looking to make the highest return” (Investopedia, 2011). Capital Inflow is “increase in the amount of money available from foreign sources for the purchase of local capital assets such as buildings, lands, and machinery” (Business Dictionary, 2011). According to Juzhong Zhuang and J. Malcolm Downing (2002) the first attributes that started financial disturbance in some Asian countries in 1997 and its transmission over time primarily because of sudden movements in market expectations and confidence followed by regional contagion. While confessing the worsening of the macroeconomic performance of some...
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...Apple took such strategic production and location decisions 8 4.0 Conclusion and Recommendation 9 5.0 References 10 1.0 Introduction East Asian region has been seen as the world’s fastest growth centre for decades with the emerging of East Asian Tigers- Hong Kong, Singapore, South Korea and Taiwan- shows that the world’s economic centre of gravity is gradually shifting East (Ando & Kimura, 2005). The World Bank (1993) listed this as “East Asian Miracle”. With more and more acceptance of globalization and trade liberalization in East Asia had formed international production network (IPN) – the cross-borders trades of parts and components to other countries or regions before the assembly of final product is completed (Saslavsky & Shepherd, 2012) – that caused East Asia countries to experience economic growth (Milberg & Winkler, 2010). Based on the above description of IPN, this paper describes the reasons why MNC in Asia utilize multiple production locations located in several countries for production of parts and components...
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...Business Development Asia From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia This article includes a list of references, related reading or external links, but its sources remain unclear because it lacks inline citations. Please improve this article by introducing more precise citations. (July 2011) Business Development Asia Type LLC Industry Financial services Founded 1996 Headquarters New York City, United States Key people Euan Rellie, Senior Managing Director Charles Maynard, Senior Managing Director Products Investment Banking Employees 70 (2012) Website www.bdallc.com Business Development Asia LLC, or BDA, is an investment banking firm that advises on cross-border M&A (mergers and acquisitions), distressed situations, private placements, capital raising, valuations and financial restructurings. The company provides advisory services on crossborder transactions involving Asia, including the Middle East, typically with transaction values between $20 million and $1 billion. The company is headquartered in New York with offices in Tokyo, Seoul, Shanghai, Beijing, Hong Kong, Mumbai, Bahrain, and London. BDA has seven partners and 70 full-time professional staff across its nine offices, supplemented by a team of senior advisors around the world. BDA advertises itself as the "leading independent pan-Asian M&A advisory firm". Contents [hide] 1 History 2 Awards and Recognition 3 Sector experience 4 References [edit]History BDA was founded by Euan Rellie and Charles...
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...Air Asia What are the sources of AirAsia’s cost advantage? Value chain: Operations: Single type of aircraft, short and medium distance flights, joint-venture (Thai airasia and Indonesia Airasia), High aircraft utilization (fastest turnaround time), low fare- no frills, complements (shuttle bus, hotels, financial services). On board: no meals, snacks can be bought, only one class (more seats per plane), no aerobridges, no seating Logistics: Marketing/Sales: Advertising, co-branding, sponsorships. Sales only through website and call-center Service: IT: Integrated systems to calculate prices, allows passenger to print boarding passes, planning future passenger numbers HR: High retention rate, strong corporate culture following Fernandes’ values. Multi-skilled employees. High aircraft utilization: fastest turnaround time of 25 minutes. Utilize airplanes 11,8 hours a day, seat load factor of 75 %, low cost per available seat, higher (revenue-cost per available seat) ratio. No frills flight: no meals, snack can be bought, minimal customer service, ticketless flights Outsourcing: airplane maintenance outsourced to the lowest bidder. IT: integrated IT-systems working together – reducing cost of logistics. Should AirAsia expand its long haul business and to what extent should AirAsia and AirAsiaX be integrated operationally? Overview of the Long-haul industry: Rivalry: Intens rivalry, several competitors with many years experience. Emirates and BA are increasing...
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...CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION Bird’s nest business has been growing rapidly over the years. It is proved by the fact that there are more and more house-like structures built by merchants that attract wild swiftlets to build nests in them can be found in productive and potential areas. Although the risk is quite high, many shareholders are still willing to invest in order to obtain bird’s nest which has high economical value. It is not easy to do this business. The businesspersons that want to start this business are required to have strong capital as this is a long term investment. They also have to understand the behaviour and biological nature of the swiftlets well so that they would not make any mistake in their approach to attract those swiftlets into making nests in their buildings. Other than that, luck factor also does determine the success or failure of this business. Indonesia is estimated to have around 12000 of swiftlets’ houses spread out mainly in Java and Sumatra. With production of 100 – 120 tonnes every year, Indonesia could supply 80% of the world’s market demand. The swiftlets were once only live in caves, but now they start to move out to live in buildings within city areas. Not only in Indonesia, countries like Malaysia, Thailand, and Vietnam have also started to set up buildings meant to attract the swiftlets to live there which subsequently will start making nests in their respective buildings. With the increasing trend of setting up swiftlets’ houses, the...
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...LCC in Asia Pacific, Europe, and North America The difference of demands among these territories would more clearly be explained in the perspective of macroeconomics instead of through the microeconomics glasses. Micro-economically, there seems to be no difference behind the demand rise of LCC in these territories. Most of the drives are 1). the price sensitivity of consumers, the high growth of travellers, growing economy of upper middle income, and the tendency of decreasing business travels due to technology facilitating business communication inter territories. However, macro-economically, the difference of demands in Asia, Europe, and North America could be figured out as some variables described in the following 5 forces analysis of LCC airline industry Closely analysed from the comparison, the difference seems to be located in terms of 1). Supplier, 2). Substitution power, and 3). Threat of the new entry. In LCC business, cutting cost efficiently without abandoning the industry’s point of parity is vital. One of the ways to do this is the use of low cost/budget airport called secondary airport located not in the main city or alternatively in from the use of budget terminal despite the higher cost. In the airport infrastructure as the supplier of this industry, Asia still does not have as many as such airports and terminals, indicating that the opportunity to reduce the cost is smaller in this case. Besides, in terms of the substitution power, Asia has...
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...In-depth analysis of the business model and marketing strategy used by Jetstar Asia Business model of Jetstar Asia Upon its official launch in December 2004, Jetstar Asia launched an all-out aggressive expansion plan to operate numerous flights connecting Singapore to the major cities of the South-East Asia region like Jakarta, Pattaya, Surabaya, Shanghai, Taipei, Hong Kong, Manila and a few other cities in India. Jetstar’s targeted market would be a 'combination of business and leisure travellers' according to the company. Jetstar believed that their success would wholly be dependent on its ability to cultivate the targeted market and also have the advantage of serving highly populated major areas and cities by being the first Low-Cost Carrier (LCC) to do so by the addition of new routes to the destinations that are frequented by its targeted market. Unlike any conventional LCC which aims to only make air travel more accessible and more affordable to their target market by taking away all of the frills & entertainment on board to cut cost. Jetstar Asia employs a modified Low-Cost Carrier model which not only offered low fares by cutting away as much frills & entertainment costs as possible. While the same time offering some services and comfort typical of Full-Service Carriers (FSC) such a ‘Business class’ on-board its long-haul flights which offers meals and beverages, in-flight entertainment and seats covered in premium leather. Therefore it can be seen from their operations...
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...Executive summary Air Asia Airline is one of the companies that once facing a critical financial crisis situation within the organisation. However Air Asia has successfully overcome this problem and expand this nearly bankrupt organisation to become million valued company within a short period of time. Air Asia only used 4 years times to change from a heavily debt organisation and become a high profit company that earn a net profit of RM112 million during 2004 (Air Asia 2005). This has illustrate that Air Asia has undergo a radically change within the organisation. Hence this report will mainly discuss and analyze on what has been done and how was the changes has been done to Air Asia so that the company could manage these changes properly as well as creates positive profit in this financial report. Table of content |Executive Summary |1 | |Table of Content |2 | |1.0 Introduction |3 | |2.0 Company Background |3 | |3.0 Drivers of Change ...
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...Evaluation of air asias response to tourism Executive summary Air Asia, the market leader of low cost carriers in Asia, shown on the good record of bringing about innovative idea into the industry. The industry itself, especially in the Asian region, is observing a higher growth rate of passenger and profitability. The report examines the organization’s key business structure and operation, products and provides summary analysis of its key revenue lines and strategy. The analysis looks at the impact of external and internal factors on the organization, and evaluate it responses. Essentially SWOT and PESTLE analysis provide a simple framework through which strategic options can be identified in which Air Asia operate. The SWOT process will start by examining the strengths of the Air Asia of today. One of the most dominant strengths possessed by Air Asia is the adding of new Airbus A320 aircraft to its fleet. Airbus A320 gives Air Asia the largest, youngest and most modern fleet in the region. Another strength of Air Asia is the upgrading of the online booking system, in which will offer the ability to passenger to check in online and printing out boarding passes. An opportunity available to Air Asia is fastest growing market in China and India. Both countries give a huge opportunity for Air Asia to expand its business in the region. In the threat part of the analysis is concerned with identifying parts of the Air Asia that might affect its business performance. In recent years...
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...Introduction Air Asia has successfully been xpositioned itself in the market as one of the leaders in the airline industry in Asia with its technical strategies. It has a route network that spans through over 20 countries and is one of the low cost aviation services in Asia. The Business level strategy adopted by air Asia is cost leadership strategy. To gain its market share they focused on specific markets like domestic services, short and long haul regional services and selling their products below the average industry prices. Air Asia adopted a number of actions to compete in the industry. It launches the values added services which are to provide ticketless travel and implement a free seating policy. In 2007 air-Asia became the first airline in Malaysia to offer internet checking services that allowed all the passengers to print their own boarding passes and pay extra money to board first. So, by doing this the passengers can choose their seats easily. In addition, they can also pre-book their checked baggage and meals. This paper describes Air Asia’s each xstrategies that maintain its effective control of low cost/focus business level strategy. Air Asia’s structure, cultures and systems that are used to create loyalty of the customers and satisfied them to lead the organisation to be profitable. SWOT analysis is conducted to focus aspects of Air Asia and business sector. It also evaluates the current business, future prospects and the economic climate. Porter's five force...
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...STRATEGY PROCESS MODELS 1.0 STRATEGIC ANALYSIS Business Process And Operation Air Asia has fostered a dependency on Internet technology for its operational and strategic management, and provides an online ticket booking services to traveler online. The following shows the home page of Air Asia.com as the company key channel of marketing and sales. Exhibit 1 – Air Asia.com Home Page To book a flight with Air Asia, customers can either choose the following channels or simply visit the Air Asia.com home page and follow the below 5 steps. 1. Call centre 2. Sales office and airport sales counter 3. Authorized travel agents 4. Mobile booking via mobile.Air Asia.com or 5. Online (http://www.Air Asia.com) in 5 easy steps as shown below. Step 1 - Search Step 2 - Select Step 3 - Guest & Contact Step 4 - Payment Step 5 – Itinerary The Product Life Cycle (PLC) Air Asia, Airlines Company with 58 flight destination is in the growth phase position of Product Life Cycle (PLC) stage. The growth phase is when loyalty begins to be built up. Some products or services can be taken up by the customer base very quickly and achieve rapid growth. Sales of Air Asia Airlines grew tremendously in every country in which they were available. It is during the growth phase that the product will begin to recover its development and launch costs and slowly move through the break – even mark to begin to make a profit for the organization. During the growth stage of a new...
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...assignment, a well-known organisation within the hospitality, events and tourism industry – Shangri-La Asia Limited (SLA) is chosen to conduct a SWOT analysis and potential strategic through the use of TOWS matrix. To further accomplish the learning outcome of this assessment, external and secondary research had been carried out through the use of internet, books and journal in completing the report. The SWOT analysis of Shangri-La Asia Limited is further divided into sections. In strength and weakness, it described the brand reputation of the company and its difficulties in expansion on different culture market respectively. Moreover, opportunities and threats is further been analysed into the growing demand of market and increasing labour cost in Mainland China. Furthermore, a TOWS matrix is created and potential strategic is strongly analysed based on the SWOT analysis. As such, it also look into strategic for Shangri-La Asia Limited (SLA) in overcoming the difficulties in culture difference and taking advantage of its brand reputation for expansion. Lastly, strategic such as being cost effective and revising job description of position is been look into. Table of Contents Executive Summary 1 Introduction 3 Analysis 4 Company Overview 4 Company History 4 SWOT 5 Strength 5 Strong brand image and reputation 5 Business geographically diversified in Asia-Pacific 6 Weakness 7 Difficult in expanding market across different culture market 7 Increasing...
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...Introduction……………………………………………………………………. 2 Air Asia Current Business Strategies…………………………………………..3 Possible Alternative Strategies Evaluation……………………………………. 7 Air Asia Resources Evaluation………………………………………………. 11 Possible Future Strategies For Air Asia Indonesia…………………………… 12 Air Asia Indonesia vs. Adam Air…………………………………………….. 14 Targets For Achievements of The Strategies………………………………… 16 Appendix……………………………………………………………………... 17 Bibliography………………………………………………………………….. 18 2 Introduction Air Asia Indonesia is an originally Malaysian airline company, which started to operate in Indonesia in year 2006. The report is about Air Asia Indonesia and strategies to make it a major player in the Indonesian airline market. 3 Air Asia Current Business Strategies Air Asia wants to be the lowest short-haul airline in every market it goes in. To achieve the goal, it has some strategies such as lean cost structure, different ways of promotion, keeping safety, satisfying guests, and developing human resources (AirAsia.com, 2007, Internet) . Air Asia always tries to keep the operations simple and efficient to keep the costs low, for example by simple and efficient online ticket booking. According to Fu Sen, an ex employee of Awair – the airline company bought by Air Asia , the tickets that have been booked online can printed by the customers or the customers can just remember the booking code and show their identity card for checking-in, so Air Asia can also save some...
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...As stated in the chapter 4, in the section of business model reconstruction had explained enough on how Air Asia make their name available to customers and they can enjoy the profit without abandon the existing name which is Malaysia Airlines. Herewith, what can be explained is it still the same organization, but they changed the business to the new ones which just focusing on the new while they are not abandoning the existing business and bring in new business which there was no one as the first mover? Business model reconstruction can be explained as whenever a business is established, it either explicitly or implicitly employs a particular business model that describes the architecture of the value creation, delivery, and capture mechanisms employed by the business enterprise. Malaysia Airlines are once a privilege to fly where the firm applies entrepreneurial thinking to the design or redesign of its core business models in order to improve operational efficiencies or otherwise differentiate itself from industry competitors in ways valued by the market. And now, Air Asia are been introduced to everyone where the business come out with a new business model of Now Everyone Can Fly that lower the cost that are not necessary. To fly, it is obviously not a need but a want. Air Asia introduced a low cost concept which enhanced travelers to easily travel without stressing their mind about money just for the accommodation which include ticketless travel, online ticket sales, no international...
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