...| | | Table of Contents | | Page no. | Project Brief | 1 | SECTION 1: IDENTIFICATION AND CLASSIFICATION OF RISKS | 3 | 1.11.1.11.1.21.1.31.1.41.1.51.1.61.21.2.11.2.21.2.31.2.41.2.51.2.61.31.3.11.3.21.3.31.3.41.3.51.41.4.11.4.21.4.31.4.41.4.51.51.5.11.5.21.5.31.5.41.5.51.61.6.11.6.21.71.7.11.7.21.81.8.11.8.21.8.31.8.41.91.9.11.9.21.9.31.9.4 | Political, Legal and Regulatory RiskExclusive rights granted by the government of PrussiaImport bansChange in legal requirementsChange in political situation between Azerland and PrussiaChange in CapitalChange in RegulationsBusiness risk and Operational RiskReduced demand for ticket salesIncreased ticket pricesDelays or cancellations due to technical faultsTotal disregard to airline safetyFlight crew stress and fatigueNegligence of airline to check policy proceduresEnvironmental RiskAccessibility increases tourismGenerous CargoBusiness and infrastructure development in AzerlandNoise and Air PollutionAirport ExpansionReputation Risks * Lack of Public Confidence in Airline Operator – Through Technology Risks * Lack of Public Confidence in Airline Operator – Through Human RisksNegligence of Airline Technical Staff * Unreliable Journey Times * Airport Security and Terrorism * International Risks * Rights Granted by Government of Prussia Revoked * Termination of Lease Agreement of International Airline * Contract with Mosco, Prussia Based Catering Company * Outbreak of War – Force Majeure * Change of LegislationTechnology...
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...Risk Taking in Business When I think of the word risk I think of daredevils, rebellious teens and getting into something you just might regret and according to the Business Dictionary they define risk as a “probability or threat of damage, injury, liability, loss or any other negative occurrence that is caused by external or internal vulnerabilities, and that may be avoided through preemptive action.”(Home,2014) We’ve been taught throughout our lives that those daredevils and rebellious teens were bad, but who’s to say they just weren’t risk takers. Risk taking is something you have to do in order to make a profitable and successful business, just look at some of the most successful businesses out there today they didn’t get there not taking risk. I’ve come to realize with all my research there are good and bad risk and understanding the thin line between the two could mean the difference between a smart business decision and unwise mistake. Taking risk is not something to do lightly it takes calculated reasoning and beneficial risks require careful planning. Bad risk tends to be a product of thoughtlessness. Fortunately, most CEOs and business owners wouldn't have arrived at their current position if they regularly made the latter type of decisions. (Hendricks, 2014) So I wonder what is a good risk? And I found it is the product of assessing needs, identifying areas that need improvement, formulating strategic plans and executing initiatives while anticipating mistakes...
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...Commercial Risk Commercial risk involves the ability of firms to strategize successfully and implement its strategy through effective tactics. The challenge is that any mistakes made abroad can be more costly due to local government regulations. Sudden changes in the trade laws and legal systems in other countries exposes international firms to regulatory risks. For instance changes in a country’s banking system may limit a firm’s access to funding or their ability to repatriate money to their home countries. A major commercial risk is usually lack of knowledge of the international market. If exporters, for example do not have in-depth knowledge on the area where its sales are being made, it is more likely to fail in international business. Commercial risk occurs as the result of inadequate formulation and implementation of strategies, tactics and procedures. These also include timing of the company into a particular market, the competitive intensity existing prevailing in the market, poor strategy execution and the weakness of the partner and also the various kinds of operational problems. It should however be considered that commercial risks are usually unpredictable and it is therefore essential for firms to lay down effective strategies in place to ensure that this risk is reduced. Currency Risk Currency or Financial risk occurs as a result of the daily fluctuations of different currencies against each other. It also includes the valuation of assets and the foreign...
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...A risky business Dodie: We are all here now. As you know that Zelal Sulen is our new boss now. After she took up the official post, she found that Hi-Style is out of touch with its target consumers and is losing direction. As the member of manager consultants, for this point, today we need to think out at least two options to advise her to improve the situation. Am I understood? And think a while... Okay, let's make a start. Who want to speak first? Lily: Well, in my opinion, Hi-Style could allocate £10m to new investment in the business. For example, it could improve distribution and sales through an exclusive agreement with a major retailer, which could provide a steady marketing channel. Second, to launch new product ranges with major advertising campaigns. Thus, new products will be known to customers. Hi-Style could definitely reach wide publicity. Thirdly, to employ brand development consultants so as to improve its image. Brand development consultants are more professional so that better brand image will be built, leading to its properous future. Fourthly, to hire a top retailing executive to run the business. Therefore, the business will be more smooth and sales will be increased. The last one is to commission City Associates to do a thorough review of all Hi-Style's activities, from which Hi-Style could catch a better understanding of the whole business to control its operation. Dodie: Good.Thanks. Lily. And what's your opinion, Serena? Serena: Well, I prefer the...
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...Assignment Course Title : Financial Management Course Code : BUS 302 Section : 03 Submitted To :- Shafayat Hossain Chowdhury Lecturer School Of Business University of Liberal Arts Bangladesh Submitted By :- Asma Ull Husna | 143011145 | Bytul Mahmud | 142011154 | Nasima Islam | 142011201 | Afsar Uddin Mollah | 142011186 | Galib Md. Fazal Khan | 112011142 | Date: 26th June, 2016 Aramit Cement (ARAMITCEM ) Income Statement 2014 149,462,391 122,198,920 Gross Profit EBIT DOL = = = 1.22 122,198,920 122,198,920 - 105,664,296 EBIT EBIT - I DFL = = = 7.39 DTL = DOL * DFL = 1.22 * 7.39 = 9.01 Confidence Cement Limited (CONFIDCEM) Income Statement 2014 606,412,471 443,602,779 Gross Profit EBIT DOL = = = 1.37 443,602,779 443,602,779 - 65,010,833 EBIT EBIT - I DFL = = = 1.17 DTL = DOL * DFL = 1.37 * 1.17 = 1.60 Lafarge Surma Cement Limited Income Statement 2014 4,466,871,000 3,778,223,000 Gross Profit EBIT DOL = = = 1.18 3,778,223,000 3,778,223,000 - 0 EBIT EBIT - I DFL = = ...
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...of risk and uncertainty on business growth and sustainability in Nigeria. Introduction Business Risks Facing Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) and large firms operate in the same business environment but there are evidences that they derive different benefits and opportunities therein. More so, they are exposed to diverse categories of risks. This is because of their differences in economic capacity including asses to human capital and material resources. Kelkar (2008) posits that SMEs are weak in terms of business plan, management structure and in decision making when compared to large organizations. This further increases SMEs’ inability to absorb most business uncertainties and risks. According to Suh (2010) SMEs sector is worst affected by the economic environment and is the first to be hit by any external shock. As a result, there are more SMEs closures than establishments, with approximately only 1% of SMEs growing from having five or less employees to ten or more (Mead and Liedholin 1998; cited in Smith and Watkins, 2012). The implication is that SMEs face a wider range of business risks which are rooted in both the internal and external environment of the enterprises (AIRMIC, ALARM and IRM, 2002). There are various ways of categorizing risks faced by business organizations (SMEs inclusive). Business risks are commonly categorized into four major types. This categorization is developed with the emergence of Enterprise Risk Management (ERM). Impact of Business Risks...
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...Introduction and Overview Business complexity and increase in uncertainty amplifies the conflict between documented means of managing risk and current practices. While companies had been conventionally addressing issues of foreign exchange, taxation, interest rate and prices, the widespread adaptation of internet in sourcing customers and online facilities are creating a new wave of corporate risks. Do current corporate risk practices prove wrong the established academic theories? Large Corporation such as Lehman Brothers, Northern Rock, Royal Bank of Scotland and many organisations had fallen to receivership all across the world showing the evident of the necessity of risk management strategy and a business continuity strategy. Some multi national organisations had also been exposed to risks such as Sony with unidentified battery issue before release of product in 2006, Dell supply chain problem in 2007, fiasco caused by software failure in 2008 to British Airways etc. This is because they had failed to take into account risks that could be created by people, resources and occurrence that is outside the normal business practises. Risk management is now an essential element of organisation’s strategy by putting in place a process to handle risk in priority of the likelihood of occurrence. The managerial decisions necessary for smooth running of organisation cannot be taken without element of risk. As a cornerstone of business practice the question management need to be...
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...International Business Risks Tatiana Irala MGM336-1301A-05 Instructor: Anna Goodloe Even though there are many opportunities available when conducting business internationally, the amount of risks that arise can also be limitless. However, this should not be discouraging when the managers that work abroad are well-trained and informed about the host country’s political, cultural, environmental, and economic risks and differences. These different environmental factors are constantly changing, often drastically; making it challenging to manage. For instance, the political environment in another country may be quite unstable due to a recent election. Furthermore, violence and revolutions complicate when traveling through the host country. Another risk that presents itself is in the form of culture shock. Even if the managers are familiar with the host country’s cultural differences, cultures also evolve throughout time. Environmentally, managers must respond to the future forecasts to determine the probable impact, and to ensure the survival and growth of the organization as it interacts with its dynamic environment (Phatak, Bhagat, and Kashlak, 2009). The host country in question here is Brazil with its booming economy and market for growth. Although, Brazil is known for its many negative connotations regarding bribery, corruption, and organized crime; the conditions in the labor market however remain favorable. Unemployment is at the lowest it has been in years and the...
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...ACCTG20040 Auditing and Ethical Practice Assessment item 1: Term 3, 2013 Understanding Companies and Their Business Risk Prepared by: Timothy Supandji Table of Contents EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 3 Factors in understanding company and business risk before accepting as New Client 4 Comparison of the Overall Financial Conditions of BHP Billiton Ltd and Rio Tinto Limited during the GFC 6 Explanation of risks associated with BHP and Rio Tinto Ltd during GFC 8 Managing Business Risk: BHP Billiton Ltd Vs Rio Tinto Limited 10 CONCLUSION 11 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY There are four purposes for this report. It attempts to provide description of what factors that the auditors need to consider in understanding a company and assessing business risk before attempting any audit work on a particular client. The second aim is to explain the comparison of financial conditions between BHP Billiton Ltd and Rio Tinto Limited during the Global Financial Crisis that occurred in 2007 to 2008. Further, the risk that is associated with BHP and RIO during the Global Financial Crisis will be explained. Finally, this report intends to explain of which company is better in handling and managing the business risk during the Global Financial Crisis. Factors in understanding company and business risk before accepting as New Client Generally speaking, at the time when there was a Global Financial Crisis, it has detrimental effect to the companies globally with downfall of share prices. Because...
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...What are the primary business risks associated with UST inc.? What are the attributes of UST Inc.? Evaluate from the viewpoint of a bondholder. . UST Inc. is a long standing market leader in producing moist smokeless tobacco products. They were a key innovator in the market and have a long standing trusted and recognised brand name. They are known for their conservative debt policy and high dividend payouts. UST has maintained an A-1 credit rating, the highest rating for commercial papers. They have been name as one of the most profitable companies, beating out icons such as Coca-cola and Microsoft. This is due to their premium products, strong brand name, historical pricing flexibility, the continued growth of moist smokeless tobacco market and the high barriers of entry for competitors. In 1998, the financial performance of the company is quite profitable. Comparing against the tobacco industry, UST’s gross profit margin, average return on assets, and return of equity are well above the industry medians. looking at their debt capitalization of around 17% compared to the industry median of 65.7%. They have achieved high return rates with low financial leverage, Over the last ten years, their net sales and gross profit have been at a steady growth due to their premium pricing strategy. They’ve taken an aggressive stance by introducing price increases annually or even bi-annually. But they are getting those results with increasing sales and revenues, which means...
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...The Importance of Risk Management to a Business All organizations encounter uncertain events when trying to achieve their objectives. These uncertain events may arise inside or outside the organization. Each individual uncertain event that would impact one or more objectives is known as a risk. If the risk would have a negative impact on the business if it occurred, then it is a threat. If it has a positive impact then it is known as an opportunity. The combined effect of risks to a set of objectives is known as risk exposure, and is the extent of the risk borne by that part of the organization at that time. Risk has always been an inherent feature in any undertaking therefore risk management is not a new concept for organizations. The earliest application of risk management within organizations tended to focus on insurance management in terms of establishing financial capacity for the negative effects of adverse events. During the 1970s a broader view started to emerge whereby organizations began to develop a better understanding of the nature of the risks being faced and looked at alternatives to insurance. There remained, however, a focus on the negative effects of risk. Only in recent years have organizations begun to recognize that risk management, in its broadest sense, applies to both negative threats and positive opportunities. In each case a proactive approach is required, which seeks to understand the size of the possible threats and opportunities so that a decision...
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...2. Identify the risk management issues illustrated by the case. Risk Management Failures For a time during fall 1998, hedge funds seemed to be on the front page of every newspaper in the world. Investors in some hedge funds had taken huge losses following the collapse of the Russian economy in August, and the Federal Reserve felt it necessary to organize a rescue of a hedge fund called Long-Term Capital Management. The following policy and regulatory issues are raised by the LTCM debacle. First, even when the LTCM know the examples about the possibility of losses in less liquid positions, the LTCM’s risk managers ignored the severity of the jump in credit spreads and the liquidity crisis instead of using flight-to-quality model to fix it. The worse is it still utilizing the same covariance matrix to measure risk and to optimize positions inevitably results in biases in the measurement of risk. Second, the LTCM did not have suitable strategy to deal with the situation that there are other players held similar relative-value bets and that interrelations between them tend to vanish due to the market stress. It did nothing except using the same strategy to take positions that appear to generate “arbitrage” profits based on recent history but also represent bets on extreme events, like selling options. Third, according to the fund’s Value at risk (VAR) and the amount of capital necessary to support its risk portfolio, the LTCM’s strategies are analyzed, and illustrates that LTCM...
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...Summary This report is produced for the purpose of training staff in major risk areas. It draws on the BP oil spill case in the Gulf of Mexico to identify areas of major risk and how these risks were dealt with. In order to allow for more comprehensive analysis, attention is focused on mainly three risk management issues faced by BP. Ineffective management, regulatory failure and crisis containment failure were the three risk management issues identified. In the case study we found BP’s management to be ineffective as its promotion of a profit based organizational culture not only leads poor decisions based on cost cutting criteria to be taken, but also prevents organizational learning. BP management further failed to co-ordinate and communicate effectively, further exposing the company to greater risks. All these problems associated will poor management of the company demonstrate the importance an effective management system that promotes long term sustainability instead of short term profits. Nations and companies may often view government regulations as an additional check, expecting regulation to take preventive or corrective actions where they fall short. In BP’s oil spill case however government and company interdependence increased the complexity of the situation which resulted in both failing to take corrective actions to reduce risks while also failing to formulate an appropriate crisis plan. This illustrates...
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...Managing Weather Risk in Seed Business Weather Risks of a Seed Company Weather risk for a seed company is the risk of drop in sales volume on account of adverse weather conditions like excess / deficit in rainfall, extreme temperature and humidity conditions etc. Indian agriculture is predominantly dependent upon monsoon rains, with more than 60% of cultivated area in Kharif being rainfed. This rainfed nature of Indian agriculture makes the business of agri-input company completely dependent upon weather. Very often seed companies find themselves holding large unsold stock because of adverse weather conditions like insufficient or untimely rainfall. Seed companies also find it difficult to move stock from one location to the other because of very short time-period available for selling seeds. Environmental changes happening across the world have made weather more unpredictable. Seed companies are becoming increasingly vulnerable to weather vagaries because of frequent occurrence of extreme weather conditions. Out of last 5 years, India has faced extreme weather conditions in 3 years – drought in 2002, delayed monsoon in 2005 and excess and abnormal rainfall in Western Rajasthan, Gujarat, Maharashtra and MP in 2006. Financial Impact of Weather Risks Extreme weather conditions would throw awry any sales budgeting and planning exercise, and would seriously impact sales and profitability targets of the company. Weather risk increases vulnerability in income statement of the company...
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...Possible threats with a small business network Vernon Hellbusch Coleman University We will be looking into threats and risks that can invade a small business network. The security of a small business network may be jeopardized in many ways. One of the many ways might be through your e-mail, or it could be someone sabotaging internally. Another way could be the use of hardware, such an external hard drive, thumb drive etc. Even as simple as a cell phone could interrupt the security of your network. We will be taking a look at ways to secure a business network from the cybercriminals that our out there trying to disrupt the security of the network systems. 1. We can do a risk assessment 2. We can educate the users 3. We can use packet filtering on the router 4. We can use antivirus software at the gateway and on the desktops Harden your systems by getting rid of useless applications These are just a few ways on getting started on securing your network. We can start looking at different software options that will help in securing your network. Let’s take a look at what’s out there for free, you have Microsoft securities that you can download for Free. You have AVG is another that is free, you have Malware Bytes also as well. These are just a few downloads that are free that work if you’re on a tight budget and just getting started. Also when using products like these, you want to make sure you keep track of your daily updates to make sure they’re...
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