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RESUME SEMINAR
“Mengenal Lebih Jauh Instrumen Pasar Modal”

Pembicara : Teddy Oetono, PhD & Harsono Lim, Director ATPI Pacific 2000 Securities
Nama : Michelle Yovita
NIM : 201260249

Trisakti School of Management
Grogol – Jakarta Barat
26 Maret 2015
Pendahuluan
Pada tanggal 26 Maret 2015, Trisakti School of Management menyelenggarakan seminar dengan tema “Mengenal Lebih Jauh Instrumen Pasar Modal”. Adapun pembicara seminar adalah Bapak Teddy Oetono, PhD dan Harsono Lim, selaku Director ATPI Pacific 2000 Securities. Acara dimulai dari pukul 09.00-12.00 WIB, bertempat di Studio Room Lantai 2.
Sebelum membawakan materi, pembicara terlebih dahulu memperkenalkan tentang profil PT. Pacific 2000 Securities. PT. Pacific 2000 Securities merupakan salah satu perusahaan sekuritas yang didirikan tahun 1989 dan terdaftar sebagai anggota Bursa Efek Jakarta dengan nama PT. Stockhom Investama dan tahun 1995 berganti nama menjadi PT. Pacific Duaribu Investindo dan ikut serta sebagai pemegang saham sekaligus sebagai anggota Bursa Efek Surabaya dan tahun 2010 menjadi PT. Pacific 2000 Securities.
Bagian I : Pengenalan Instrumen Pasar Modal
Ada beberapa macam instrumen dalam pasar modal, diantaranya adalah saham, obligasi, futures, sertifikat danareksa, dan opsi. Berikut penjelasan dari masing-masing instrumen tersebut.
Saham adalah tanda penyertaan modal pada Perseroan Terbatas (PT) sebagaimana diatur dalam Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum Dagang (KUHD). Saham yang diperjualbelikan di Bursa Efek terdiri dari : Saham Biasa (Common Stock) dan Saham Preferen (Preffered Stock).
Obligasi adalah surat tanda meminjamkan uang yang mempunyai jangka waktu tertentu, biasanya lebih dari 1 tahun. Dengan demikian pada hakikatnya obligasi adalah surat tagihan atas beban tanggungan pihak yang menerbitkan/mengeluarkan obligasi tersebut.
Waran/Futures adalah efek yang diterbitkan oleh suatu perusahaan yang memberi hak kepada pemegangnya untuk memesan saham dari perusahaan tersebut pada harga dan jangka waktu tertentu.
Sertifikat Danareksa adalah surat berharga yang diterbitkan oleh PT Danareksa (Persero) untuk mewakili efek/surat berharga yang dibeli oleh PT Danareksa sebagai pendukung atau jaminannya.
Opsi adalah pasar keuangan yang memperdagangkan hak untuk menentukan pilihan terhadap saham dan obligasi.
Setelah mengetahui apa saja instrumen pasar modal, kita juga harus mengetahui bagaimana cara untuk menganalisis pasar modal. Ada dua cara yang dapat dilakukan, yaitu dengan analisis Bottom-Up dan Top-Down.
Bottom-Up, merupakan cara yang dilakukan dengan berfokus pada pemilihan saham berdasarkan analisa mendalam atas masing-masing emiten saham. Dengan pendekatan ini, manajer investasi berusaha menemukan emiten dengan prospek yang bagus, terlepas dari sektor industrinya ataupun faktor-faktor makroekonomi.
Kelebihan pendekatan ini adalah bahwa kajian yang mendalami dan detil mengenai emiten memberikan peluang bagi manajer investasi untuk mengenal satu persatu emiten dengan baik, yang pada gilirannya mempertajam kemampuan manajer investasi untuk memperkirakan potensi jangka panjang sang emiten.
Kelemahan pendekatan ini adalah diperlukannya waktu dan kesabaran dalam melakukan riset. Lebih lanjut, diperlukan pula tingkat pemahaman dan keyakinan yang mumpuni atas kriteria yang digunakan sebagai indikator penentu nilai suatu saham serta bagaimana indikator ini dapat dihitung.
Dalam pendekatan Top-Down, manajer investasi menganalisa kondisi makroekonomi dan kemudian berdasarkan analisanya tersebut ia kemudian memperkirakan sektor atau industri mana saja yang akan menghasilkan imbal hasil terbaik dalam kondisi makroekonomi tersebut. Setelah memilih sektor-sektor unggulan, manajer investasi kemudian akan menganalisa emiten-emiten yang terdapat dalam sektor-sektor unggulan tersebut dan memilih mana yang terbaik. Hasilnya adalah saham-saham unggulan yang akan dimasukkan ke dalam keranjang investasi/portofolio.
Kelebihan pendekatan ini adalah bahwa pendekatan ini membantu manajer investasi untuk menentukan alokasi aset yang ideal bagi suatu portofolio dalam segala kondisi pasar. Pendekatan top-down dipercaya membantu manajer investasi untuk menghimpun perspektif dari beragam kelas aset, sehingga mengurangi probabilitas terjadinya situasi di mana manajer investasi terpaksa harus menjual di saat pasar sedang berada di titik terendah.
Kelemahan pendekatan ini adalah ada kemungkinan riset dan data yang dihimpun tidak tepat, sehingga hasilnya tidak dapat diandalkan atau bahkan menyesatkan. Sebagai contoh, analisa yang dilakukan mengindikasikan bahwa pasar sedang mengalami tren penurunan sehingga porsi saham perlu dikurangi. Akan tetapi, jika ternyata analisa ini tidak tepat dan pasar mengalami kenaikan (rally), maka portofolio akan kehilangan kesempatan untuk ikut menikmati imbal hasil dari rally di pasar saham.
Bagian II : Pilihan Investasi Dalam Pasar Modal
Seperti yang sudah disebutkan diatas, ada beberapa alternatif investasi, diantaranya adalah ekuitas (saham), mutual fund, obligasi (bond), dan derivatif. Sistem trading nya juga terbagi menjadi dua, yaitu Remote Trading dan Online Trading.
Remote Trading adalah perdagangan jarak jauh yang dapat dilakukan oleh anggota bursa dari kantor anggota bursa masin-masing. Sistem perdagangan ini merupakan pengembangan lebih jauh dari sistem JATS. Dengan sistem ini, setiap order anggota bursa akan dikirirn ke sistem perdagangan Bursa Efek Jakarta (JATS) tanpa perlu memasukkan order rmelalui lantai bursa. Proses memasukan order hanya dapat dilakukan melalui komputer yang ada di kantor anggota bursa.
Online Trading adalah tindakan menempatkan pesanan beli atau jual suatu surat berharga keuangan atau mata uang dengan menggunakan platform berbasis internet milik Perantara Pedagang Efek (broker-dealer). Perdagangan online trading terjadi ketika seorang investor menyampaikan order beli atau jual efek melalui media internet pada online broker yang kemudian mengeksekusi perintah tersebut dengan meneruskan ke sistem Bursa Efek secara otomatis. Biasanya autentifikasi order yang disampaikan oleh nasabah melalui media komunikasi elektronik seperti internet, SMS, Wireless Application Protocol (WAP) akan diverifikasi di sistem broker sebelum diteruskan ke sistem perdagangan Bursa Efek.
Dalam investasi di pasar modal, terdapat keuntungan juga resiko yang akan dihadapi oleh investor. Keuntungan tersebut adalah capital gain dan dividen.
Capital gain adalah keuntungan yang diperoleh dari kenaikan harga saham. Contoh : kita beli saham X dengan harga Rp 1.000 per lembar saham, kemudian saham tersebut mengalami kenaikan menjadi Rp 2.500, maka keuntungan kita (capital gain) sebesar Rp 1.500 per lembar sahamnya.
Dividen adalah sebagian laba perusahaan yang dibagikan kepada pemegang saham.
Selain keuntungan, terdapat juga resiko di pasar modal, diantaranya adalah capital loss dan resiko likuidasi.
Capital loss adalah kebalikan dari capital gain, artinya kerugian yang dialami investor dari adanya penurunan harga saham. Contoh : kita beli saham X dengan harga Rp 2.000 per lembar saham, kemudian saham tersebut mengalami penurunan menjadi Rp 1.500, maka kerugian kita (capital loss) sebesar Rp 500 per lembar sahamnya.
Resiko likuidasi merupakan resiko yang muncul akibat kesulitan menyediakan uang tunai dalam jangka waktu tertentu. Jika perusahaan sudah dalam posisi ini, maka kemungkinan perusahaan akan menggunakan retained earnings untuk melunasi kewajibannya, sehingga pemegang saham akan kehilangan pendapatan (dividen) yang seharusnya dibayarkan oleh pihak perusahaan.
Ada beberapa faktor yang mempengaruhi harga pasar, diantaranya adalah : fundamental (politik, ekonomi), teknikal, sentimen pasar, likuiditas, pendapatan perusahaan, tingkat suku bunga, dan pengalokasian dana.
Tipe-tipe customer/trader, antara lain adalah scalper, day trader, dan position trader.
Scalper, adalah suatu gaya trading dengan teknik membuat lusinan bahkan ratusan open posisi trading dalam satu hari. Scalping biasanya dilakukan dalam hitungan menit dengan mengambil profit yang tidak banyak. Gaya trading scalping membutuhkan faktor pendukung teknik scalping untuk mengamati chart dan mampu melakukan keputusan secara cepat dan tanpa ragu-ragu.
Day Trader, adalah suatu gaya trading bagi trader yang lebih senang untuk melakukan open posisi dan menyelesaikannya hari itu juga. Seorang day trader mungkin tidak akan bisa tidur dengan lelap dikarenakan dia masih mempunyai posisi trading yang masih terbuka dan juga dikarenakan tidak mau terkena biaya swap (overnight swap).
Position Trader, adalah yang terlama dari semua gaya trading diatas. Seorang position trader bisa menahan posisinya sampai beberapa tahun. Gaya trading ini memerlukan pemahaman ekonomi makro yang kuat.

Bagian III : Pasar Modal Sebagai Pilihan Investasi Derivatif
Kontrak Berjangka adalah suatu perjanjian yang mewajibkan para pihak untuk membeli atau menjual sejumlah Underlying pada harga dan dalam waktu tertentu di masa yang akan datang, atau segala sesuatu yang berkaitan dengan jual beli dengan penyerahan kemudian berdasarkan kontrak berjangka dan opsi atas kontrak berjangka.
Kontrak berjangka memungkinkan seorang investor untuk melakukan jual/beli dengan nilai kontrak yang tetap pada harga sekarang untuk penyelesaian pada waktu yang akan datang.
Kenapa memilih kontrak berjangka? Karena adanya peluang, fluktuasi pasar, cash and portfolio management, sumber pendapatan, dan lindung nilai dari resiko. Keuntungannya adalah lebih efisien, lebih fleksibel dalam melakukan transaksi, tidak perlu memilih, biaya transaksi rendah, penyelesaian yang mudah, serta tidak terlalu beresiko.
Indeks adalah angka-angka yang menunjukkan indikator dari keseluruhan tingkat harga saham-saham yang diperdagangkan secara bersama-sama di suatu bursa. Angka indeks dibentuk dengan tujuan antara lain untuk memperlihatkan pergerakan harga sahamsecara keseluruhan pada suatu bursa, dan menggambarkan kinerja/performa bursa secara keseluruhan.
Indeks Efek adalah indeks dari Efek atau sekumpulan Efek, baik yang berasal dari Efek yang tercatat di Bursa efek lokal maupun Bursa Efek Negara lain, atau perbandingan dari saham-saham yang telah diseleksi berdasarkan kapitalisasi pasar atau harga tertimbang. Indeks merupakan barometer atau indikator dari keadaan ekonomi secara keseluruhan.
Derivatif Indeks, pada dasarnya ada 2 macam indeks, yaitu Spot Index dan Future Index. Spot Index adalah indeks yang dihitung berdasarkan perdagangan di lantai bursa. Future index, adalah proyeksi bagi spot index. Pada Bursa Efek Indonesia (BEI) dikenal indeks harga saham gabungan (IHSG) yang dibentuk oleh pengelola BEI. Indeks Bisnis merupakan indeks yang dibuat oleh harian Bisnis Indonesia yang terdiri dari 40 saham. LQ-45 indeks yang dibentuk dari 45 saham unggulan/Blue Chips (likuid dan nilai kapitalisasi pasar besar).
Kontrak Berjangka Indeks Efek (KBIE) LQ-45 adalah janji untuk menjual atau membeli kontrak Indeks Efek LQ-45 dengan penyelesaian di waktu yang akan datang, yang mewajibkan setiap pihak untuk memenuhi perjanjian tersebut pada saat jatuh tempo.

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...cover cover next page > Cover Business, Management and Finance Small Business; Entrepreneurship title author publisher isbn10 | asin print isbn13 ebook isbn13 language subject publication date lcc ddc subject : : : : : : : Entrepreneurship and Small Business Burns, Paul. 0333914732 9780333914731 9781403917102 : : : : cover next page > file:///Z|/_==%CF%CE%C8%D1%CA==/Entrepreneurship%.../0333914732__gigle.ws/0333914732/files/cover.html [06.10.2009 1:01:58] page_i < previous page page_i next page > page_i next page > Page i Entrepreneurship and Small Business < previous page file:///Z|/_==%CF%CE%C8%D1%CA==/Entrepreneurship%...0333914732__gigle.ws/0333914732/files/page_i.html [06.10.2009 1:02:00] page_ii < previous page page_ii next page > page_ii next page > Page ii < previous page file:///Z|/_==%CF%CE%C8%D1%CA==/Entrepreneurship%2...0333914732__gigle.ws/0333914732/files/page_ii.html [06.10.2009 1:02:00] page_iii < previous page page_iii next page > page_iii next page > Page iii Entrepreneurship and Small Business Paul Burns < previous page file:///Z|/_==%CF%CE%C8%D1%CA==/Entrepreneurship%2...333914732__gigle.ws/0333914732/files/page_iii.html [06.10.2009 1:02:00] page_iv < previous page page_iv next page > Page iv © Paul Burns 2001 All rights reserved. No reproduction, copy or transmission of this publication may be...

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...CHANGING CLOTHES. CHANGING CONVENTIONAL WISDOM. CHANGING THE WORLD. Fast Retailing has the conviction and vision to face the challenge of creating a better world. PARIS Valerie Dassier, Head of E-Commerce and Customer Care, Comptoire des Cottonniers and Princess Tam Tam To become a leader, it’s not enough to do it a little bit better. Great leaders see a different reality. LONDON Kate Pierre, Store Manager, Uniqlo UK We are going to be the number one casual clothes company in the world. And we will look to our managers in the company to take on bigger roles in their local countries and abroad. MOSCOW Aleksandr Kurchatov, Store Manager, Uniqlo Your attitude and your smile go a long way. My philosophy is to give people the chance to smile and they will open up. NEW YORK Jennifer Parker, VP Store Management, Theory, NY More than any other retailer, FR empowers people to be the CEOs of their own four walls. They put the onus on the store manager to change themselves and make it the most important role. SAN FRANCISCO Daisuke Tsukakoshi, Director West Coast, Uniqlo USA In the U.S., the home of casual clothing, competition is fierce. We’ll need people who are willing to play major roles in opening up this effort. SHANGHAI Joanne Lam, Merchandising Director, Uniqlo, Hong Kong and Mainland China I always admired Coco Channel as a kid. She turned around the whole fashion industry of her time. I want to work in a big company that is prepared to make that...

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