...ARTICLE IN PRESS Sleep Medicine Reviews (2008) 12, 153–162 www.elsevier.com/locate/smrv CLINICAL REVIEW Caffeine: Sleep and daytime sleepiness Timothy Roehrsa,b,Ã, Thomas Rotha,b a Sleep Disorders and Research Center, Henry Ford Hospital, 2799 W Grand Blvd, CFP-3, Detroit, MI 48202, USA b Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA KEYWORDS Caffeine; Daytime sleepiness; Sleep disturbance; Caffeine dependence Summary Caffeine is one of the most widely consumed psychoactive substances and it has profound effects on sleep and wake function. Laboratory studies have documented its sleep-disruptive effects. It clearly enhances alertness and performance in studies with explicit sleep deprivation, restriction, or circadian sleep schedule reversals. But, under conditions of habitual sleep the evidence indicates that caffeine, rather then enhancing performance, is merely restoring performance degraded by sleepiness. The sleepiness and degraded function may be due to basal sleep insufficiency, circadian sleep schedule reversals, rebound sleepiness, and/or a withdrawal syndrome after the acute, over-night, caffeine discontinuation typical of most studies. Studies have shown that caffeine dependence develops at relatively low daily doses and after short periods of regular daily use. Large sample and population-based studies indicate that regular daily dietary caffeine intake is associated with disturbed...
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...have side effects that only make you sick or that make you gain double the weight when you stop taking them. By these easy and complex methods that I will be talking about you can reach your goal without receiving any negative side effects. Eating healthy and exercising are the answers you are looking for. Maintaining a healthy diet has become very difficult in this age and some can even say very inconvenient. When there is a fast food place in every corner offering meals starting at a dollar, it makes it very hard to want to go to the grocery store and spend $100-$200 biweekly on food that you still have to prepare after a long day at work. But eating healthy can actually be very budget friendly and not time consuming at all, plus the benefits outweigh all the negative borders you come across. By doing research you can find recipes online that include portions of vegetables, meats, dairy’s, fruits, basically everything you need in a healthy meal. Eating these healthier meals can provide nutrients and vitamins that support a healthy physical body, a healthy immune system, and a healthier lifestyle. Not only is eating healthy beneficial, but drinking healthy also has to be included in a healthier diet. You don’t have to go out and keep buying drinks that contain large volumes of sugars and caffeine’s that are very unhealthy for your body, in fact the only thing you have to buy is a filter for your sink to provide the healthiest drink available and beneficial for your body. Buying...
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...How Caffeine Affects the Body When we hear people talking about drug use, our minds will wander to common drugs such as Ecstasy, Marijuana, and Heroine. However, caffeine is said to be the most common drug in the world. An estimated 100 million people in the United States ingest caffeine every day, but most people are not aware that it is considered a drug. Generally, caffeine is classified as a stimulant. Stimulating the central nervous system is one of many effects caffeine has on the body’s metabolism. This stimulation can result in a person becoming more alert or more energetic. Typically, the amount of caffeine in two to four cups of coffee a day is not dangerous. However, caffeine in excessive amounts can make you anxious, restless, and irritable. It may also keep you from sleeping well and cause migraines, unusual heartbeats, or other problems. If a person chooses to stop caffeine use, they may experience severe symptoms of withdrawal. Caffeine in Foods and Beverages Caffeine isn’t exactly dangerous however the foods and beverages that contain it can be unhealthy. Foods like yogurt, ice cream, and various different kinds of candy bars have 1 to 85 mg of caffeine in each serving. Caffeine is associated with the family of heterocyclic compounds known as purines, and the drug can also be classified as an alkaloid. The chemical formula for caffeine is C8H10N4O2 . The molecular structure of caffeine With a molar mass of 194.19 grams per mole, this drug...
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...Introduction: Nowadays, caffeine is well known as the most popular and widely consumed drug. We can find it from foods and drinks, even many medications contain this substance, it is pervasive in our daily lives. Caffeine is one kind of rapidly absorbed organic compound. It is classified as stimulant witch can increase alertness and energy levels for a short period of time (website). Caffeine can be used as pharmacologic substance as well, for example, it is ‘commonly used in the treatment of neurasthenia and for coma recovery’ [1]. Due to the closed relation between caffeine and health, we need to understand the positive and negative effects of caffeine, and then provide guidance on how to use it in a healthy way. The positive effects of caffeine Caffeine has beneficial functions on preventing or even curing some kinds of diseases. This advantage has been well testified on three fields: skin cancer, Alzheimer’s disease and liver disease. A US study has found that caffeine can decrease the risk of skin cancer [2]. They indicated that caffeine can boost the body’s natural progress, witch is called apoptosis or synchronised cell suicide. After consuming caffeine, apoptosis will increase 200 to 300 per cent. What’s more, caffeine can be linked to lower risk of non-melanoma skin cancer. Several earlier studies showed that caffeine can decrease the forming of cancerous cells, which may cause cancers. In addition to reduce the incidence of skin cancer, it has evidenced...
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...I JUST CAN’T GET GOING WITHOUT MY MORNING COFFEE Effects of Caffeine Shilpa Jones Dr. Panter 03/27/2012 In today’s society, caffeine is a way of life and can be found in various shapes and forms. Though most people might not regard caffeine as a drug, it very much is. Around 90% of Americans swallow caffeine each day and at the amount of 300 milligrams. Caffeine is a white powder that is fairly soluble in liquid at a person’s body temperature. In the supermarket, many products up and down the aisle can be found that contain caffeine in some sort of form. Coffee, which usually contains the most, to the ever popular choice of soda are just some of the products that include the substance, caffeine. Not only can it be found in many regular products, but also in the form of over-the-counter medicines. Caffeine is prescribed for treatment of drowsiness and fatigue. As with all forms of it, caffeine is dangerous and has put a big burden on society today. People do not know its destructive affects and continue to abuse it unknowingly. The stimulant, caffeine has had an adverse effect on behavior in America and is simply going to get worse as time goes on. | 8oz | 12oz Can | per/oz | Caffeine in Coke Products | | | | Coke Classic | 23 mg | 34.5 mg | 2.875 mg | Coke Zero | 23 mg | 34.5 mg | 2.875 mg | Vanilla Coke | 23 mg | 34.5 mg | 2.875 mg | Diet Coke | 31 mg | 46.5 mg | 3.875 mg | Diet Vanilla Coke | 31 mg | 46.5 mg | 3.875 mg | | | ...
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...I JUST CAN’T GET GOING WITHOUT MY MORNING COFFEE Effects of Caffeine Shilpa Jones Dr. Panter 03/27/2012 In today’s society, caffeine is a way of life and can be found in various shapes and forms. Though most people might not regard caffeine as a drug, it very much is. Around 90% of Americans swallow caffeine each day and at the amount of 300 milligrams. Caffeine is a white powder that is fairly soluble in liquid at a person’s body temperature. In the supermarket, many products up and down the aisle can be found that contain caffeine in some sort of form. Coffee, which usually contains the most, to the ever popular choice of soda are just some of the products that include the substance, caffeine. Not only can it be found in many regular products, but also in the form of over-the-counter medicines. Caffeine is prescribed for treatment of drowsiness and fatigue. As with all forms of it, caffeine is dangerous and has put a big burden on society today. People do not know its destructive affects and continue to abuse it unknowingly. The stimulant, caffeine has had an adverse effect on behavior in America and is simply going to get worse as time goes on. | 8oz | 12oz Can | per/oz | Caffeine in Coke Products | | | | Coke Classic | 23 mg | 34.5 mg | 2.875 mg | Coke Zero | 23 mg | 34.5 mg | 2.875 mg | Vanilla Coke | 23 mg | 34.5 mg | 2.875 mg | Diet Coke | 31 mg | 46.5 mg | 3.875 mg | Diet Vanilla Coke | 31 mg | 46.5 mg | 3.875 mg | | | ...
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...INVESTIGATION OF CAFFEINE CONTENT LEVEL OF TOP 5 COMMERCIALLY AVAILABLE COFFEE PRODUCTS USED BY MSU CHS STUDENTS AND ITS EFFECT ON COGNITIVE PERFORMANCE An Undergraduate Thesis Presented to: Prof. Ashley Ali- Bangcola, RN, MAN In Partial Fulfillment Of the Requirements In HS 199 1ST semester AY 2011-2012 Presented by: Norhanifah R. Mala-atao June 2011 Chapter 1 THE PROBLEM AND ITS SCOPE Background of the Study “A cup of coffee will do.” One might say this early morning before leaving for work or for school, in the afternoon when you are so busy doing all your stuff and you feel drained, or late evening when you need to be awake to study a pile of lectures, make your requirements, prepare for your report and the like. It is really a fact that nowadays people are hooked at drinking coffee for them to stay alive and more alert. For some, it has become a habit. Aside from that, it is also undeniable that coffee production is in greater amounts. Coffee shops are widely spread, and if you passed by a grocery mart or mini-store along the corner of your streets, you can buy an instant coffee product. It is readily available in market at an affordable cost. What is really in coffee that we seem to be addicted with? It is actually the caffeine. Caffeine is a drug that is naturally produced in the leaves and seeds of many plants. It's also produced artificially and added to certain foods (www.kids.org.caffeine.html). Caffeine is defined as a drug because...
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...the results of the study. Part Four, Definition of Terms, lists alphabetically technical terms used in this study. These terms are defined conceptually and operationally. Part Five, Delimitation of the Study, identifies the scopes and limitations encountered during the conduct of the study. It identifies the variables, the subjects, research designs and statistical analysis procedures used in the study. Likewise, it specifies the location and time of the conduct of the study. Background and Theoretical Framework of the Study Soft drinks and sodas could damage a person. Every person must remember and know that it has a lot of ways to inflict one’s body, physically or mentally. There are certain attitudes that push humans to drink carbonated or caffeinated beverages without knowing their harmful effects. Carbonated soft drink consumption is linked with a disease which is called adenocarcinoma in the esophagus which is stated in the...
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...go to page vi of Volume 2, type Vol2:vi in the "page #" box… and so forth. Encyclopedia of Human Body Systems This page intentionally left blank Encyclopedia of Human Body Systems VOLUME 1 Julie McDowell, Editor Copyright 2010 by ABC-CLIO, LLC All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, except for the inclusion of brief quotations in a review, without prior permission in writing from the publisher. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data McDowell, Julie. Encyclopedia of human body systems / Julie McDowell. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978–0–313–39175–0 (hard copy : alk. paper) 1. Human physiology—Encyclopedias. I. Title. QP11.M33 2011 612.003—dc22 2010021682 ISBN: 978–0–313–39175–0 EISBN: 978–0–313–39176–7 14 13 12 11 10 1 2 3 4 5 This book is also available on the World Wide Web as an eBook. Visit www.abc-clio.com for details. Greenwood An Imprint of ABC-CLIO, LLC ABC-CLIO, LLC 130 Cremona Drive, P.O. Box 1911 Santa Barbara, California 93116-1911 This book is printed on acid-free paper Manufactured in the United States of America Contents VOLUME ONE About the Editor and Contributors, vii Introduction, ix CHAPTER 1 The Building Blocks of the Human Body, 1 Julie McDowell CHAPTER 2 The Circulatory System, 23 Leslie Mertz CHAPTER 3 The Digestive System...
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