... 3 2. BAC 2.1 Definition of BAC 4 2.2 Factors affect BAC 4 2.3 Calculation of BAC levels 5 2.4 Legal levels in Australia and how to stay within these limits 6 3.0 EFFECTS OF ALCOHOL 6 3.1 Short-term effects 6 3.2 Effects on driving 6 4.0 DESCRIPTION OF ONE AWARENESS CAMPAIGN 7 5. EFFECTINESS OF THIS AWARENESS CAMPAGIN 7 6. IMPORTANTANCE AND BENEFITS OF EDUCAITON 7 6.1 Importance of education 7 6.2 Benefits of Education 7 7.0...
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...experimental study is being done to better understand the effectiveness of anti-drinking and driving advertisements on university-aged students. “Motor vehicle crashes are the leading cause of death among 16 to 25 year olds, and alcohol and/or drugs are a factor in 55% of those crashes” (Madd, 2013). Increasing the effectiveness of anti-drinking and driving advertisements could be a solution to this critically high mortality rate in young people. The main purpose of this study is to better understand the effect of positive and negative anti-drinking and driving advertisements within different settings and different amounts of times. Literature Review Studies have shown that university aged students are affected by anti-drunk driving campaigns (Cirmaru, Lavack & Markewich, 2007). Some studies have even shown the effectiveness of ads with varying motives (Wickramarachchi, 2013). In this area research falls short on certain factors such as location of these ads and the distance between seeing the ads and duration of the ads’ effect. Study One The first study to take place within this experiment is a 2 by 2 design. The first factor will be message valence being positive vs. negative while the second factor is message setting being an academic setting vs. a relaxed setting. This experiment is designed to test whether university-aged students respond better to positive or negative anti-drinking and driving advertisements in an academic setting, the University, or within a relaxed...
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...surveys to obtain the attitudes of the students in regards to drinking and driving. A great tool to use for surveys is http://www.surveymonkey.com. Since we know our target market is well connected using social media, we will be able to promote the survey online via social media websites and by posting some flyers around campus encouraging students to take the free survey. Interviews can be conducted on campus with approval from the university. It would be no trouble at all to request permission to attend a few psychology classes and interview a couple of students about their opinions on drinking and driving to be sure that the information collected is correct. During the interviews, cards can be passed out with the survey website information. Social Media Specialist Concerns In order to obtain credibility and establish some reference groups within the college campuses, we should begin by targeting the fraternities and sororities that belong to the universities. These established reference groups will ensure an accurate collection of information from some easily identifiable groups. Students connected with these groups are supposed to be role models for the colleges and the communities that they are connected with, so they are more likely to be willing to assist with our organization’s mission. Groups like this will be able to help us get an honest and accurate collection of information for our campaign. Another positive aspect of collecting information from sororities...
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...Student corner n°1 Drinking and driving The text October 18, 2011, The NY times Friends Still Let Friends Drive Drunk By BARRON H. LERNER, M.D. On Sept. 15, Matthew Grape, 21, got into the passenger seat of a car with one of his Duke University fraternity brothers. The driver hit a tree, escaping with minor injuries, but killing his dear friend. According to local press reports, the driver was charged with impaired driving. Nearly 11,000 deaths related to alcohol-impaired driving still occur each year in the United States, despite a three-decade surge in anti-drunken driving activism, stricter laws and clever slogans like “Friends don’t let friends drive drunk.” There are more than 110 million instances of impaired driving each year, according to data from the 2010 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System Survey and summarized in a new report from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. How can this still be occurring, and what can be done about it? Back in 1980, when Candy Lightner’s 13-year-old daughter, Cari, was killed in California by a drunken driver with several previous arrests for driving while intoxicated, including one only two days earlier, there was little public discussion of the topic, even though drunken drivers killed 25,000 Americans annually. Crashes were called “accidents,” and victims were characterized as having been “in the wrong place at the wrong time.” Police and prosecutors routinely allowed drunken drivers to plead to lesser offenses...
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...yet. But don’t worry, you can still fight and die for your country. How can we possibly send 18 year olds to war, but not allow them to drink alcohol? To adults under the age of 21, alcohol is seen as a forbidden fruit. Since they cannot legally have it, they want it that much more. So when they are granted an opportunity to drink, they do so in a dangerous way. This binge drinking is where many alcohol related injuries come from, and what must be decreased. According to our laws, an 18 year old has enough maturity and judgment to drive a car, sign a legally binding contract, perform jury duty, and vote. Why shouldn’t they be able to decide if they want a drink or not? The drinking age should be lowered to the age of majority, which at this time, is 18. This decrease in the drinking age will allow young adults to safely consume alcohol in regulated environments. In turn, this will decrease the risk of alcohol-related injuries that result from unsupervised drinking. When a person turns 18 they are treated like adults, but with this new policy, they will truly be adults. First we must examine how the drinking age got set at its current minimum. After the repeal of prohibition in 1933 many states set the legal age...
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...to improve it, thereby making better informed decisions in regards to their health when it comes to things such as diet, road safety (driving), exercise, smoking and education. The greatest influence that the government has had on the population in general on patterns of health over the last 50 years has been to increase the awareness on the negative effects smoking can have on a person’s health. The ill effects of smoking were originally discovered in 1961 and from that point onwards the government have worked continuously in order to stop people from smoking in order to prevent individuals from dying. The first government initiative was put into place in 1971 which led to manufactures agreeing to display on their packaging compulsory anti-smoking adverts, such as “smoking kills”. This new initiative made a significant impact on raising people’s awareness in the UK about the damaging effects smoking can cause to their health. Adverts promoting smoking were officially band in 2002 through the use of another government initiative; known as “The Tobacco Advertising and Smoking Bill 2001” Smoking has dropped significantly since 1948 which is proof enough that the government initiatives have had a positive impact onpatterns of health and ill health in the UK. The government have been campaigning to make driving safer in the UK. Driving under the influence of...
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...are the vice president of a beer company in a state that sets the legal drinking age at 21. Your boss asks you to organize a lobbying effort to have the drinking age reduced to 18. What would you do? A. I would do research and report my findings to my boss. Although it might seem like a good idea to do so -higher sales, and therefore higher revenue and profit- lowering the drinking age would be a losing battle. States can lower the drinking age back down to 18 or 19 but the amount of federal highway funds they'd lose (about 10%) makes it too expensive for them to do it. Many politicians don't want to risk getting involved. Why change something that appears to be working. Young people might like a beer at 18 but young people don't vote. 77% of Americans are opposed to lowering the drinking age to 18 according to a 2007 Gallop poll. Research shows that the law saves lives. It is one of the most researched public health laws on the books. When the law was raised to 21, alcohol-related deaths for young people decreased; when it was lowered, deaths increased. Scientific research about brain development and function, traffic accident records and population death rates show clearly that 18-21 year-olds handle alcohol poorly. The idea is strongly opposed by social and religious conservatives, parts of hospitality and retail industry concerned about liability, groups like Mothers Against Drunk Driving (MADD) and Support 21 Coalition. These groups have money and clout with...
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...TARA – 14th Annual Roads Convention Proceedings, November 17, 2011 The Practicability of Blood Alcohol Concentration Test & Drunken Driving in Tanzania Authors: Address: Emails: Key Words: Gilliard W. Ngewe & Batholomew Marcel National Institute of Transport ngeweg@yahoo.co.uk : batholomewm@yahoo.com Alcohol intoxication, blood alcohol concentration, breathe alcohol content, central nervous system, correlation coefficient, drug, drunken driving, enforcement mechanisms and impaired driving Abstract Beverage alcohol is widely enjoyed the world over in countless different settings and by a great many people. It is well recognized that irresponsible drinking patterns coupled with certain behaviors, such as driving, may bring about a range of harmful outcomes. Accordingly, many countries agree on the need to establish regulations that prohibit impaired driving, particularly as it applies to the operation of automobiles on public roads. The setting of maximum allowable Blood Alcohol Concentration (BAC) level is a tool for enforcement and for prevention. The offense of driving with a BAC above the legal limit is variously known as “Driving under the Influence” (DUI), “Driving While Intoxicated” (DWI), “drink – driving” or “drunken driving” among other similar names. The most common method of determining BAC is by measuring the alcohol in an exhaled sample of breath. However, there are claims that breath alcohol levels do not reliably mirror blood alcohol levels, in response certain...
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...Attached is the proposal for a new tool in our fight against drunk driving. We have constructed a plan to use smart phones to include an Anheuser-Busch application that will calculate the costumers BAC level. The production time is approximately six months and is explained in detail in the report. We are eager to set up a meeting with you and set this project in motion. Sincerely, The Responsibility Matters Team Table of Contents Executive Summary 4 Current Situation of Anheuser-Busch 5-6 Background on Pressing Issues 6-11 Pressing Issues in Competitors Eyes 11-12 Comparing Anheuser Busch with Top Competitor 12-13 Analysis 13 Recommendation 14 Works Cited 15 Executive Summary As the leading distributor of alcoholic beverages in the world we have built our foundation with our commitment to being an effective, responsible, and productive corporation. Due to the nature of our business, our company must adhere to a number of laws and regulations that at times are restrictive to the business aspect of our corporation. In order to continue to make strides towards bettering ourselves we need to continue being socially responsible, in particular push our “Responsibility Matters” campaign. The opportunities for consumers to engage in drunk driving, underage drinking, and binge drinking on university campuses have historically been a major concern...
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...Texting and Driving: Two Technologies Collide Harry Williams Jr ITT Technical Institute Abstract Texting and driving has become a serious problem in recent years. In 2011, at least 23% of auto collisions involved cellphones. The death rate caused be texting and driving is higher than that of drinking and driving. The financial burden caused be texting and driving affects everyone from the individuals involved to the public services. Penalties are not severe enough to deter drivers from texting. Public awareness of the consequences of texting and driving is not where it should be. In recent years there has been an alarming increase in traffic accidents and deaths related to cellphone usage while driving, the most notable being texting and driving. The purpose of this research is to identify the causes of traffic incidents and to propose solutions to help curb the number of incident and mortality rates caused by this highly dangerous and illegal behavior. In 2011, 23% of all auto collisions involved cellphones. That’s 1.3 million crashes. (Texting and Driving Saety.com/texting-and-driving-stats, 2013) “The minimal amount of time your attention is taken away from the road when you are texting and driving is 5 seconds. If you’re traveling at 55mph, this equals to driving the length of a football field without looking at the road.” (NHTSA, 2009) “A study by the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration last month found...
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...MADD Sarah Smith BSHS 355 August 03, 2015 Tristram Jones MADD MADD, Mother against Drunk Driving, was created by Candace Lightner, after the death of her daughter. MADD was a group of mother's coming to support each other and change the consequences that drunk drivers received after being caught drinking and driving. The organization has lobbied for many social policy changes against the rulings of accidents and even state regulation on the legal drinking age for the 50 states. Because of some policies created new interest have arrived like the prevention of underage drinking. MADD movement all started after the tragic death of 13-year-old Cari Lightner. The Start of MADD On May 03, 1980 Cari Lightner was walking along a quiet road on her way to a church carnival when a car swerves out of control, striking and killing her (Stancato, 2013). After the tragic event Candy, Cari’s Mother started the group Mother against Drunk Drivers. Candace Lightner’s was determination to put an end to DUI’s after losing her 13-year-old daughter to a drinking driver. Who was not only drunk at the time of the crash, but also had two prior DUI convictions on his record before the incident (Stancato, 2013)? In fact, Clarence Busch had been arrested on another hit-and-run drunk-driving charge less than a week earlier before Cari’s accident (History, n.d.). When a DUI occurred, many drunk drivers were rarely prosecuted harshly. Few drunk drivers were subjected to jail time. ...
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...Social Policy Decisions BSHS 355 September 23, 2014 Social Policy Decisions In this paper, the organization Mothers Against Drunk Driving (MADD) will be discussed. The writer will go over how and why MADD was created, the problems that lead to the creation of the organization, how it influenced policies and the problems experienced while implementing the policies. The effects of these social policies on Human Services delivery will also be addressed. This paper will take the reader through the history and positive outcomes of MADD. Mothers against Drunk Driving started as a grass roots citizen activist group and were founded in 1980 (Learn More, n.d.). The founder of MADD, Candice Lightner, created this organization after a drunken hit-and-run driver killed her 13-year-old daughter, Cari, at Sunset and New York Avenues in Fair Oaks, California (Friedrich, 1985). Lightner banded with other mothers who proposed in their hearts to make a stand against factors causing the tragedies associated with alcohol. The overall mission of Mothers Against Drunk Driving is to: stop drunk driving, support the victims of this violent crime and prevent underage drinking (MADD). MADD is very big on educating the public on the dangers and results of drunk driving. They are also huge on advocacy and providing assistance to victims and their loved ones. In the early 1980s, MADD got the attention of New Jersey Senator Frank R. Lautenberg. Senator Lautenberg did not like the fact that...
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...responsible for themselves in the eyes of the law and subject to the same laws as all other adults. They can vote legally or sign contracts and even join the military as a matter of fact they can do anything any other adult can do except for drinking alcohol. Because of the high death rate associated with alcohol among people in the age range of sixteen to twenty year olds, lawmakers began discussing adjusting the minimum age. The idea was not welcomed by everybody however, "It just doesn't sit right with me that people [at the age of 18] have the right to do everything else, including serve their country, but don't have the right to consume alcohol," state Rep. Richard Marron said. "It's a form of age discrimination."( Chiappetta, A. 2005.) Is it fair that they can be an adult, fighting for our country but not be able to drink like one? In this paper I give my personal experience and view both sides of the issues in the subject of soldiers drinking alcohol under the age of twenty one. Either way that you look at it, the current laws prevent under age drinking of alcohol in the military as a standard rule. In the early eighties though it was not the same as it is now and the laws were different. Before the national campaign against drunk driving was put into place the legal age for consumption of alcohol was different in each state with the lowest age being eighteen in some states and the military rule was that the soldier would comply with the state laws or host country's...
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...Drinking and driving has been a highly debated issue over the last three decades. It has caused frenzy among alcohol licensee holders, alcohol consumers, legislation, and victims of alcohol related deaths. There have been many deaths caused by alcohol impaired individuals that could have been prevented, if there was certain legislation in place at particular times in history. Even though there are still a staggering number of fatalities caused as a result of alcohol and impaired driving, the numbers have decreased exponentially since its awareness has been made public and stricter legislation has been enacted. The activist group or movement organization that I decided to discuss on is the widely known and respected MADD (Mothers Against Drunk Driving) organization. The organization’s purpose and aim is to aid the victims of crimes performed by individuals driving under the influence of alcohol or drugs, to aid the families of such victims and to increase public awareness of the problem of drinking and drugged driving (MADD, 2010). This organization has been around for 30 years and its founder, Candy Lightner, is a victim of repeated occurrences with impaired drivers. On May 3, 1980 Cari, Lightner’s 13 year old daughter, was walking down the street in a quiet suburb of California when she was hit from behind by a man named Clarence Bush. Cari was hit so hard that she was thrown over 100 feet and which the impact from both the car and the ground ended her life. Reports indicated...
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...States is one of four other countries with a drinking age of twenty-one or higher. The other three are Indonesia, Mongolia and Palau (Gillespie). The government does not trust anybody under the age of twenty-one to consume alcohol but trusts them to die and kill for them. They also grant 18 year olds the right to marry, vote, pay taxes, take out loans, adopt a child and buy tobacco. The minimum legal drinking age (MLDA) should be lowered to eighteen to match the other responsibilities an eighteen year old is granted. The drinking age has been debated throughout history. Many states set the drinking age to eighteen to match the responsibilities given to them at that age after prohibition was ended. These ages were only raised because of the National Minimum Drinking Age Act of 1984 put into effect by Ronald Reagan. If the states did not agree to this, they were cut back ten percent in their federal highway funds (Devon). The federal government states they give the right to control the drinking age to the state government. This does not make sense since they would cut back ten percent of their highway fund for just thinking about lowering the drinking age, which no state could survive without (Jolley). The supporters of the twenty- one drinking age believe that it has saved many lives. This is true to some degree. The deaths from drunk- driving accidents did go down, but some argue it wasn’t just the higher drinking age. Cars are being built much safer and much...
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