...Canada’s Action Plan Against Racism In March 2005, the Federal government committed to combating racism through a 5-year initiative called Canada’s Action Plan Against Racism (CAPAR). The Canadian government recognized that initiatives beyond legal measures are required to defeat racial discrimination; they implemented this initiative to align with Canada’s changing society, which saw growth of visible minority immigrants, and in response to public opinion research expressing considerable racism in Canada (Department of Canadian Heritage, 2005). Moreover, this initiative was a collaborative effort that called on all sectors of society, such as governments, community organizations, and enthocultural communities “to embrace action against racism as a shared task” (Department of Canadian Heritage, 2005, p. 4). There were six priority areas emphasized in the plan: 1. Assist victims and groups vulnerable to racism and related forms of discrimination; 2. Develop forward-looking...
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...food, transportation, technology, taxes, health and immigration. But this is not an exclusive list of Canadian public polices. Two domains of public policy are domestic and foreign. Internal rules and regulations that govern within a nations border are known as domestic policies (Gale, 2008). Foreign polices are diametric in that they consist of international relations that take place outside a nation’s border (Elman, XXXX, p. X). When take together on a global scale, they can be described as global public policies. Globalization can be defined by “homogenized culture, a global economy, and a borderless world” (McBride, 2011, p. 10). To fully understand globalization one should consider all aspects such as, social, culture, technology, economic and political. Globalization has mainly impacted foreign policy, but it has also had an effect on domestic policies. Both policies are not only influenced by globalization, there are various other factors that contribute to the formation of public policies. Often times it can prove difficult to separate the effects that impact both forms of public policy because they are intertwined. Need thesis statement – what are you arguing or exploring in this paper. Also, should there be definitions in your intro? Maybe consider breaking the intro into 2 paragraphs. Governmental policies in Canada today continue to change and evolve along with the needs of people and the consequences of globalization. More recently were the creation of polices...
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...The Canadian pension system, funded from the Government of Canada’s general revenues is comprised of three programs. The Old Age Security (OAS) program includes the basic OAS pension, the Guaranteed Income Supplement (GIS), and the Allowance for Survivors.(social work) Old Age Security provides benefits to Canadian residents at the age of 65 and who have resided in Canada for more than 10 years after age 18. To receive the full monthly benefit of $540.12, an individual must have lived in Canada for a period of 40 or more years after the age of 18. OAS benefits are not dependant on paid employment or the income of a spouse or partner. Individuals who earn more than $69, 562 will have their OAS benefits “clawed back” and those with an income exceeding $122, 772 are not eligible to receive the OAS benefit. The Guaranteed Income Supplement provides benefits to low income seniors who are also receiving OAS. The federal government has recently introduced policy changes to the Old Age Security and (GIS) benefits, specifically increasing the age of eligibility from the current age of 65 to 67. These changes are to be fully implemented by the year 2029. As an advocate for low income seniors, the policy changes to the OAS/GIS eligibility requirements will be analysis and recommendations will be made that there is no financial reason to amend the Old Age Security Act and in doing so the adverse affects to lower income earners will be numerous. The Canadian government, under Conservative...
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...Running Head: CANADA'S PERVERSE SUBSIDIES TO OIL AND GAS INDUSTRY 6 Canada's Oil and Gas Industry's Lack of Initiative to Reduce GHG Emissions Supported by Government Subsidies CANADA'S PERVERSE SUBSIDIES TO OIL AND GAS INDUSTRY 6 The lack of reduction in greenhouse gas emissions, as required in the Kyoto Protocol, by Canada's Oil and Gas industry can be blamed on the “perverse” subsidies provided by the Canadian government. According to the Canadian Association of Petroleum Producers (CAPP), in 2011, Canada is rated as “... the third largest producer of natural gas... and the seventh largest producer of crude oil in the world.” Since Canada's Oil and Gas industry is a major supplier in the world market, government subsidies that support the exploration of new methods of extracting resources as they become more inaccessible and scarce is justifiable; but according to Ecojustice (2010) Canada supplies billions in subsidies to the Oil and Gas industry annually while greenhouse gas emissions skyrocket. This violates the requirements set out in the Kyoto Protocol as well as affects Canada's reputation in the global marketplace as organizations such as the OECD question this government practice. The government of Canada supports a global-scale industry at the expense of its taxpayers; which given the amplitude of the industry, it is highly unnecessary for such a government policy to exist. Basic statistics provided...
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...and problem statement. It will identify the research problem and supporting research questions, and conclude with a list of recommendation. Contextual Background Critical Infrastructure (CI) is the lifeblood of Canada, and the high availability, reliability, integrity and confidentiality of the CI is paramount in maintaining the sovereignty, national security, and economic health and wellbeing of the Canadian society. The education sector should be created as a separate NCI because recent reports and studies emphasize that education must be a national security matter (Council on Foreign Relations, 2012). Hence, the failure of education sector can pose significant threats to national security and economic growth. Problem Statement According to Statistics Canada, there are approximately 15,500 schools (elementary and secondary), 163 public and private universities, and 183 recognized public colleges and institutes. Provinces and territories reported that there were 6.5 million students enrolled in educational institutes and 610,000 instructors (Statistics Canada, 2012). The omittance of approximately 20% of Canada’s population and 2.3% of growth domestic...
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...pension plan are the wrong response to Canada’s occupational pension problems. While tax and regulatory changes can help, Canadians need a new approach to retirement income that will pool risks, control costs, and avoid the agency problems that have put many pension promises at risk. The Study in Brief The problems of employer-sponsored defined-benefit (DB) pension plans in Canada raise two issues: the need for short-run measures to limit the damage; and the need for new pension models to prevent their recurring. The DB sector’s immediate preoccupations are the result of changes in the economic environment — in particular, a decline in long-term interest rates — that caused their balance sheets to deteriorate, and of changes in accounting standards to more market-based methods that revealed the underfunded state of these plans in stark form. The immediate policy challenge is to ensure the recovery and/or restructuring of sick plans, and the continued health of sound ones. Extra time and financial scope to work off deficits are good, but current limits on contributions to plans should rise or disappear, while legislation to establish clear title to surpluses for sponsors who must cover deficits is badly needed. Accounting standards should remain strict, however, to ensure that emerging problems are seen and addressed. It would be a mistake to privilege government-employee plans by relieving them of the same solvency requirements that apply to private-sector plans. Another...
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...PART-I US-Canada: Since many years, US-Canada trade has been the cornerstone for Canada’s economic development. Canada began its trade with the US in 1920s when rapid urbanization in the US led to huge demand in wood and other forestry products. In the 1920s and 1930s, pulp production increased steadily with over 90% of the produce being exported to the US. In 1925, the opening of the Panama Canal increased the exports of lumber from British Columbia to eastern U.S. markets, which dramatically increased the netbacks received for lumber produced in British Columbia (Statistics, Canada, 2012). Post world war, rapid expansion in the US industrial capacity was accompanied with rapid growth in the Canadian economy as well. Growth in the demand for newspapers led to the growth of pulp and paper industry. By1950, over half of the world’s newsprint was supplied by Canada. By 1954, pulp and paper exports accounted for 24% of Canada’s total exports, of which, 33% of those exports were to the United States (Statistics, Canada, 2012). Post 1960, the new staple in the resource landscape for Canada was Energy. Until this time, though some local sources were available on the Prairies and in Nova Scotia, Canada had relied on coal imports. In 1957, there was a major oil discovery in Alberta at Leduc, which lead to a major and dramatic expansion of crude oil and natural gas industry, the effects of which are still evident till date. The North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) removed most...
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...$ Change 2014 2013 $ Change FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE METRICS Operating revenues 3,104 2,894 210 13,272 12,382 890 106 135 (29) 815 619 196 (206) (141) (65) (710) (617) (93) (100) (6) (94) 105 10 95 67 3 64 531 340 191 3.4% 1.8% 1.6 pp 6.1% 4.3% 1.8 pp 3.4% 4.7% (1.3) pp 6.1% 5.0% 1.1 pp 319 277 42 1,671 1,433 238 319 359 (40) 1,671 1,515 156 Operating income Non-operating expense (1) Net income (loss) Adjusted net income (2) Operating margin, excluding the impact of benefit plan amendments % (3) Operating margin % EBITDAR, excluding the impact of benefit plan amendments (3)(4) EBITDAR (4) EBITDAR margin, excluding the impact of benefit plan amendments % (3)(4) EBITDAR margin % (4) 10.3% 9.6% 0.7 pp 12.6% 11.6% 1.0 pp 10.3% 12.4% (2.1) pp 12.6% 12.2% 0.4 pp Unrestricted liquidity (5) 2,685 2,364 321 2,685 2,364 321 Free cash flow (6) (366) (276) (90) (560) (231) (329) Adjusted net debt (7) 5,132 4,351 781 5,132 4,351 781 Return on invested capital (“ROIC”) % (8) 12.1% 10.5% 1.6 pp 12.1% 10.5% 1.6 pp Net income (loss) per share – diluted $ (0.35) $ (0.02) $ (0.33) $ 0.34 $ 0.02 $ 0.32 Adjusted net income per share – diluted (2) $ 0.23 $ 0.01 $ 0.22 OPERATING...
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...Air Canada is Canada’s largest domestic and international full-service airline and the largest provider of scheduled passenger services in the domestic market, the transborder market and each of the Canada-Europe, Canada-Pacific, Canada-Caribbean/Central America and Canada-South America markets. Passenger transportation is the principal business of the Corporation and, in 2009, represented 87% of its total operating revenues. During 2009, Air Canada, together with Jazz, operated, on average, approximately 1,331 scheduled flights daily and carried almost 31 million passengers. In 2009, Air Canada and Jazz provided direct passenger air transportation to 156 destinations and, through commercial agreements with other unaffiliated regional airlines referred to as tier III carriers, to an additional 11 destinations, for a total of 167 direct destinations on five continents. The Corporation’s primary hubs are located in Toronto, Montreal, Vancouver and Calgary. Air Canada also operates an extensive global network in conjunction with its international partners. Air Canada is a founding member of the Star Alliance Network, the world’s largest airline alliance group. The Star Alliance Network includes 26 member airlines. Through its strategic and commercial arrangements with Star Alliance members, Air Canada is able to offer its customers access to approximately 1,077 destinations in 175 countries, as well as reciprocal participation in frequent flyer programs and use...
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...(loss) before income taxes and discontinued operations Net income (loss) from continuing operations Net loss from discontinued operations – Aveos Net income (loss) Adjusted net income (loss) (2) Operating margin, excluding the impact of benefit plan amendments % (3) Operating margin % EBITDAR, excluding the impact of benefit plan amendments (3) (4) EBITDAR (4) EBITDAR margin, excluding the impact of benefit plan amendments % (3) (4) EBITDAR margin % (4) Unrestricted liquidity (5) Free cash flow (6) Adjusted net debt (7) Return on invested capital ("ROIC") %(8) Diluted earnings (loss) per share Adjusted net income (loss) per share – diluted (2) Operating Statistics (9) Revenue passenger miles (millions) ("RPM") Available seat miles (millions) ("ASM") Passenger load factor % Passenger revenue per RPM (“Yield”) (cents) Passenger revenue per ASM (“RASM”) (cents) Operating revenue per ASM (cents) Operating expense per ASM (“CASM”) excluding the impact of benefit plan amendments (cents) (3) Adjusted CASM (cents) (10) Average number of full-time equivalent ("FTE") employees (thousands) (11) Aircraft in operating fleet at period end Average fleet utilization (hours per day) Aircraft frequencies (thousands) Average aircraft flight length (miles) Economic fuel cost per litre (cents) (12) Fuel litres (millions) Revenue passengers carried (millions) (13) 2013 2,894 135...
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...the freedom we, as Americans, so effortlessly boost and pride ourselves in. In the present day, immigration remains a hot topic among citizens and legislation. The current policy in place is rather complex and can be conf ing for majority of the time. The issue of taking in migrants is practically non-existent. The current policy in place can be summarized into the following standards: “the reunification of families, admitting immigrants with skills the benefit the United States economy, protecting refugees, and promotion of diversity.” (American Immigration Council, 2014) While many may agree that the current system does not work for the size of the issue immigration proves to be; the Commander in Chief has a plan to try to fix what seems to be broken. The President’s plan, President Obama’s Common-Sense Immigration Reform, consists of four main principles. Those principles are continuing to strengthen border security, cracking down on employers that hire undocumented workers, create a path to earned citizenship, and finally streamlining the legal immigration systems. Moving to a micro scale, immigration in Texas proves to be an on-going issue within the state. While all neighboring states with Mexico are faced with various immigration problems on a daily basis, Texas seems to be a few issues ahead. According to a document obtained from Immigrationpolicy.org, Texas’ population consists of 16.67% immigrants. If immigrants were to be displaced or moved, the state...
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...TABLE OF CONTENTS Introduction and Overview…………………………………………………………….Page 1 The Country…………………………………………………………………………….Page 2 Government and Politics………………………………………………………………..Page 3 Economic Structure……………………………………………………………………..Page 4-8 National Culture………………………………………………………………………...Page 9-11 Management…………………………………………………………………………….Page 12-14 Comparison U.S. and Canada………………………………………….……………….Page 15 Interview……………………………………………………………………………….Page 16 Conclusion………………………………………………………………………………Page 17 References………………………………………………………………………………Page 18-22 1 INTRODUCTION AND OVERVIEW Introduction The purpose of this paper is for us, as a team, to learn more about the culture in Canada relating to a business atmosphere as well as a casual atmosphere. It is important to be knowledgeable of cultures in other countries, due to possible international business opportunities that may arise in the future. Overview In this paper, we discuss a little bit about the history and demographics of the country as a whole. We also talk about the government, economy, and culture of Canada on a more detailed level. Later, in the paper management in Canada as well as a comparison of the U.S. and Canada is covered. 2 CANADA- THE COUNTRY History The first group to come to Canada was the Aboriginal people who were later joined by the French and British to form the culture of Canada (Wikipedia, 2010). Canada has also been influenced by the United States relating to its...
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...negatively affected (1). This flawed foreign policy stands on the basis of three pillars: security, prosperity, and values and culture (2). While for the most part, these are not bad goals, pillar number three is where the conflict lies (2). This opens the conversation as to whether Canadians truly believe in such values that they are pushing on the international community. Stairs argues that they often do not, and moreover, when they do it is only because they have the money to support them (17). He would lead one to believe that Canada, along with all other nations, are merely self-interested with no regard for the benefit of anyone else. This is not the case. Stairs’ argument stems from the third of the three pillars. This rule governing our actions abroad, was meant to show Canada as an intelligent and cultural nation, but has instead been used to project our values on...
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...the information is current, we review the guide regularly. Doing Business in Canada Doing Business in Canada is designed to give business executives, counsel and potential investors from foreign countries a concise overview of Canada’s legal and economic framework and key business legislation. For those looking to pursue business opportunities in Canada, this guide outlines several unique aspects of doing business in Canada, including French language requirements in the province of Québec as well as overlapping regulatory jurisdiction among various levels of government in certain areas of the law. With few exceptions, the same considerations apply to Canadians who live, work and conduct business in Canada. Despite the ongoing harmonization of many areas of Canadian business law with those of our major trading partners through international agreements, addressing distinctly Canadian business law requirements is a crucial consideration when entering the Canadian marketplace. Each chapter is designed to assist you with an overview of that particular subject and the laws most likely to affect your business decisions. Beginning with an introduction to Canada’s legal system as it applies to businesses, the guide includes an introduction to Canada’s tax system, the pensions and retirement savings landscape in Canada, foreign investment considerations, competition law, and details on doing business in Québec, to name a few topics. Doing Business in Canada does not contain a full...
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...Influencing Factors of Health Care Expenditure: Opportunities to Improve Canada’s Statistics [Authors Name] [Institutional Affiliation(s)] Author Note [Include any grant/funding information and a complete correspondence address.] Table of Contents Introduction………………………………………………………………………………2 Comparing Health System Performance…………………………………………………4 Sweden’s Healthcare Policy Framework………………………………………………...8 Canada’s Opportunities for Improvement………………………………………………..9 Conclusion……………………………………………………………………………….11 References……………………………………………………………………………….13 Influencing Factors of Health Care Expenditure: Opportunities to Improve Canada’s Statistics Globally, the number of variations that contribute to the government’s financial contribution to the health care system is great and ever changing. The amount of money spent on health expenditures varies as well, and is specific to each country. In countries with a high income, such as the United States and France, the per capita health expenditure averages over 3,000 USD, while in countries that are considered resource poor, such as Israel and Mexico, the average per capita amount is only 30 USD. (Ke, Saksena, & Holly, 2011). Wide variations in health expenditure are also specific to each country’s economic development. Less resourceful countries have been noted to only spend less than 3% of GDP on health, while other, more economically developed countries spend more than 12% of GDP on health. (Ke et al.,2011). The growth...
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